Research Article

Export Diversification, Economic Globalization, and Capital Formation as Drivers of Real Income: Evidence from BEM Countries

Volume: 9 Number: 1 July 30, 2026

Export Diversification, Economic Globalization, and Capital Formation as Drivers of Real Income: Evidence from BEM Countries

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of export diversification (ED) on economic growth (EG) in ten Big Emerging Markets (BEMs) by employing new-generation econometric approaches. The present study makes an important and original contribution to the extant literature by examining the relationship between export diversification and economic growth across different quantiles of the growth distribution using next-generation panel data methods. The effect of independent variables on economic growth was investigated using Panel Quantile Regression and Common Correlated Error (CCE) estimators. To capture country-specific dynamics, the Konya (2006) test which is SUR-based panel causality test an approach is implemented. Evidence from the panel quantile regression indicates that export diversification, fixed capital formation, and economic globalization exert positive effects on economic growth across quantiles. Additionally, the Konya SUR-based causality results show that the direction of causality between export diversification and growth varies across countries, with both unidirectional and bidirectional causal linkages identified. Overall, the findings underscore the critical role of export diversification policies in promoting sustainable economic growth in emerging market economies.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

International Economics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 30, 2026

Submission Date

February 18, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 16, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Doru, Ö. (2026). Export Diversification, Economic Globalization, and Capital Formation as Drivers of Real Income: Evidence from BEM Countries. InTraders International Trade Academic Journal, 9(1), 136-158. https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1892005
AMA
1.Doru Ö. Export Diversification, Economic Globalization, and Capital Formation as Drivers of Real Income: Evidence from BEM Countries. InTraders Journal. 2026;9(1):136-158. doi:10.55065/intraders.1892005
Chicago
Doru, Ömer. 2026. “Export Diversification, Economic Globalization, and Capital Formation As Drivers of Real Income: Evidence from BEM Countries”. InTraders International Trade Academic Journal 9 (1): 136-58. https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1892005.
EndNote
Doru Ö (July 1, 2026) Export Diversification, Economic Globalization, and Capital Formation as Drivers of Real Income: Evidence from BEM Countries. InTraders International Trade Academic Journal 9 1 136–158.
IEEE
[1]Ö. Doru, “Export Diversification, Economic Globalization, and Capital Formation as Drivers of Real Income: Evidence from BEM Countries”, InTraders Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 136–158, July 2026, doi: 10.55065/intraders.1892005.
ISNAD
Doru, Ömer. “Export Diversification, Economic Globalization, and Capital Formation As Drivers of Real Income: Evidence from BEM Countries”. InTraders International Trade Academic Journal 9/1 (July 1, 2026): 136-158. https://doi.org/10.55065/intraders.1892005.
JAMA
1.Doru Ö. Export Diversification, Economic Globalization, and Capital Formation as Drivers of Real Income: Evidence from BEM Countries. InTraders Journal. 2026;9:136–158.
MLA
Doru, Ömer. “Export Diversification, Economic Globalization, and Capital Formation As Drivers of Real Income: Evidence from BEM Countries”. InTraders International Trade Academic Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, July 2026, pp. 136-58, doi:10.55065/intraders.1892005.
Vancouver
1.Ömer Doru. Export Diversification, Economic Globalization, and Capital Formation as Drivers of Real Income: Evidence from BEM Countries. InTraders Journal. 2026 Jul. 1;9(1):136-58. doi:10.55065/intraders.1892005