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GÜMÜŞHANE İL ADAY FUTBOL HAKEMLERİNİN BAZI PERFORMANS PARAMETRELERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 23 - 40, 10.01.2017

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Gümüşhane il aday futbol hakemlerinin bazı performans parametrelerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Gümüşhane ilindeki 36 aday hakem (yaş: 23,2 ± 3,4 yıl; boy: 175,8 ± 0,4 cm; kilo: 68,4 ± 8,3 kg) çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katıldı. Deneklere tekrarlı sprint testi, çeviklik testi, Yo-Yo aralıklı toparlanma testi (seviye 1), durarak uzun atlama ve dikey sıçrama testleri uygulandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistik yöntemi kullanıldı. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; araştırma grubunun performans testlerindeki ortalama değerleri çeviklik testi için 16,7 (± ,56 sn), durarak uzun atlama testi için 207,7 (± 18,1 cm), dikey sıçrama testi için 47,3 (± 4,2 cm) ve Yo-Yo aralıklı toparlanma seviye 1 koşu mesafesi için 951,1 (± 459,8 m) olarak elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca tekrarlı sprint testindeki toplam zaman ve yorgunluk indeksi değerleri ise söylenen sıraya göre 54,1 (± 2,94 sn) ve 6,68 (± 3,72 %) olarak elde edilmiştir. Literatüre bakıldığında, il aday futbol hakemlerinin performans düzeyleri ile ilgili bir çalışmanın olmadığı; buna karşılık çalışmaların çoğunda ulusal veya bölgesel hakemler üzerinde yapıldığı görülmektedir. Diğer klasmanlardaki hakemlerle karşılaştırıldığında, il aday futbol hakemlerinin daha düşük performans değerlerine sahip oldukları elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, il aday futbol hakemlerinin üst kategorilerde yer alabilmek için performans özelliklerini artırmaları ve eksik yönlerini tamamlamak için antrenmanlarını planlamaları gerekir.

Kaynakça

  • İnal, N. A. (2004). Futbol’da Eğitim Öğretim (ss. 15), Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Helgerud, J., Engen, C. L., Wisloff, and U., Hoff. J. (2001). Aerobik Endurance Training Improves Soccer Performance. Medicine Science in Sports of Exercise, 33(11): 1925 -1931.
  • Drust, B., Atkinson, G., and Reilly, T. (2007). Future Perspectives in the Evaluation of the Physilogical of Soccer. Sports Medicine, 37(9): 793 - 805.
  • Reilly, T., and Gregson, W. (2005). Special Populations: The Referee and Assistant Referee. Journal of Sport Sciences, 24(7): 795 - 801.
  • Reilly, T., Bangsbo, J., and Franks, A. (2000). Anthropometric and Physiological Predispositions for Elite Soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9): 669-683.
  • Eissmann, H. J. (1994). The Referee. B. Ekblom, B. (Ed.), Football (Soccer) (pp. 100 - 101). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.
  • Reilly, T., and V. Thomas V. (1976). A Motion Analysis of Work-Rate in Different Positional Roles in Professional Football Match-Play. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 2(2): 87 - 97.
  • Withers, R. T. Z., Maricic, S., Wasilewski, S., and Kelly, L. (1982). Match Analyses of Australian Professional Soccer Players. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 8: 159 - 176.
  • Bangsbo, J., Norregaard, L., and Thorso, F. (1991). Activity Profile of Competition Soccer. Canadian Journal of Sport Science, 16(2): 110 - 116.
  • Mujika, I., Padilla, S. I., Izguierdo, M., and Gorostiaga, E. (2001). Creatine Supplementation and Sprint Performance in Soccer Players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(2): 518 - 525.
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  • Da Silva, C. D., Bloomfield, J., and Marins, J. C. (2008). A Review of Stature, Body Mass and Maximal Oxygen Uptake Profiles of U17, U20 and First Division Players in Brazilian Soccer. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 7(3): 309 - 319.
  • Reilly, T., and Thomas, V. (1979). Estimated Daily Energy Expenditures of Professional Association Footballers. Ergonomics, 22(5): 541 - 548.
  • Asami, T., Togari, H., and Ohashi, J. (1988). Analysis of Movement Patterns of Referees During Soccer Matches. Reilly, T., Lees, A., Davids, K., and Murphy W. J. (Ed.), Science and football (341 - 345). London: E & FN Spon.
  • D’Ottavio, S., and Castagna, C. (2001). Physiological Load Imposed on Elite Soccer Referees During Actual Match Play. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(1): 27 - 32.
  • D’Ottavio, S., and Castagna, C. (2001). Analysis of Match Activities in Elite Soccer Referees During Actual Match Play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.15(2): 167 - 171.
  • Krustrup, P., and Bangsbo, J. (2001). Physiological Demands of Top Class Soccer Refereeing in Relation to Physical Capacity: Effect of Intense Intermittent Exercise Training. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(11): 881 - 891.
  • Mallo, J., Navarro, E., Garcia-Aranda, J. M., Gilis, B., and Helsen, W. (2009). Activity Profile of Top-Class Association Football Referees in Relation to Performance in Selected Physical Tests. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(7): 805 - 813.
  • Krustrup, P., Helsen, W., Randers, M. B., Christensen, J. F., MacDonald, C., Rebelo, A. N., ve ark., (2009). Activity Profile and Physical Demands of Football Referees and Assistant Referees in International Games. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(11): 1167 - 1176.
  • Weston, M., Drust, B., and Gregson, W. (2011). Intensities of Exercise During Match Play in FA Premier League Referees and Players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(5): 527 - 532.
  • Johnston, L., and McNaughton, L. (1994). The Physiological Requirements of Soccer Refereeing. Australian Journal of Science and Medicine Sport, 26(3-4): 67 - 72.
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  • Castagna, C., Abt, G., and D’Ottavio, S. (2004). Activity Profile of International Level Soccer Referees During Competitive Matches. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3): 486 - 490.
  • Harley, R., Tozer, K., and Doust, J. (2002). An Analysis of Movement Patterns and Physiological Strain in Relation to Optimal Positioning of Association Footbal Referees. Spinks, W., Reilly, T., and Murphy, A. (Ed). Science and Football IV (137 - 143). London: Routledge.2002
  • Weston, M., Castagna, C., Impellizzeri, M., Rampinini, E., and Abt, G. (2007). Analysis of Physical Match Performance in English Premier League Soccer Referees with Particular Reference to First Half and Player Work Rates. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 10(6): 390 - 397.
  • Weston, M., Castagna, C., Helsen, W., and Impellizzeri, F. (2009). Relationships Among Field - Test Measures and Physical Match Performance in Elite - Standard Soccer Referees. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(11): 1177 - 1184.
  • Weston, M., Castagna, C., Impellizzeri, F., Rampinini, E., and Breivik, S. (2010). Ageing and Physical Match Performance in English Premier League Soccer Referees. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(1): 96 - 100.
  • Kürkçü, C., ve Uluşar, Ü. D. (2014). Futbol Hakemlerinin Maçlar Sırasında Fiziksel Aktivite ve Kalp Ritmi Analizi. Tıp Teknolojileri Ulusal Kongresi, Kapadokya.
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Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 23 - 40, 10.01.2017

Öz

Kaynakça

  • İnal, N. A. (2004). Futbol’da Eğitim Öğretim (ss. 15), Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Helgerud, J., Engen, C. L., Wisloff, and U., Hoff. J. (2001). Aerobik Endurance Training Improves Soccer Performance. Medicine Science in Sports of Exercise, 33(11): 1925 -1931.
  • Drust, B., Atkinson, G., and Reilly, T. (2007). Future Perspectives in the Evaluation of the Physilogical of Soccer. Sports Medicine, 37(9): 793 - 805.
  • Reilly, T., and Gregson, W. (2005). Special Populations: The Referee and Assistant Referee. Journal of Sport Sciences, 24(7): 795 - 801.
  • Reilly, T., Bangsbo, J., and Franks, A. (2000). Anthropometric and Physiological Predispositions for Elite Soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(9): 669-683.
  • Eissmann, H. J. (1994). The Referee. B. Ekblom, B. (Ed.), Football (Soccer) (pp. 100 - 101). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific.
  • Reilly, T., and V. Thomas V. (1976). A Motion Analysis of Work-Rate in Different Positional Roles in Professional Football Match-Play. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 2(2): 87 - 97.
  • Withers, R. T. Z., Maricic, S., Wasilewski, S., and Kelly, L. (1982). Match Analyses of Australian Professional Soccer Players. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 8: 159 - 176.
  • Bangsbo, J., Norregaard, L., and Thorso, F. (1991). Activity Profile of Competition Soccer. Canadian Journal of Sport Science, 16(2): 110 - 116.
  • Mujika, I., Padilla, S. I., Izguierdo, M., and Gorostiaga, E. (2001). Creatine Supplementation and Sprint Performance in Soccer Players. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(2): 518 - 525.
  • Al-Hazzaa, H. M., Almuzaini, K. S., Al-Refaee, S. S., Sulaiman, M. A., Dafterdar, M. Y., Al-Ghamedi, A., et al., (2001). Aerobic and Anaerobic Power Characteristic of Saudi Elite Soccer Players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(1): 54 - 61.
  • Stolen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., and Wisloff, U. (2005). Physiology of Soccer. Sport Medicine, 35(6): 501 - 536.
  • Da Silva, C. D., Bloomfield, J., and Marins, J. C. (2008). A Review of Stature, Body Mass and Maximal Oxygen Uptake Profiles of U17, U20 and First Division Players in Brazilian Soccer. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 7(3): 309 - 319.
  • Reilly, T., and Thomas, V. (1979). Estimated Daily Energy Expenditures of Professional Association Footballers. Ergonomics, 22(5): 541 - 548.
  • Asami, T., Togari, H., and Ohashi, J. (1988). Analysis of Movement Patterns of Referees During Soccer Matches. Reilly, T., Lees, A., Davids, K., and Murphy W. J. (Ed.), Science and football (341 - 345). London: E & FN Spon.
  • D’Ottavio, S., and Castagna, C. (2001). Physiological Load Imposed on Elite Soccer Referees During Actual Match Play. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(1): 27 - 32.
  • D’Ottavio, S., and Castagna, C. (2001). Analysis of Match Activities in Elite Soccer Referees During Actual Match Play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.15(2): 167 - 171.
  • Krustrup, P., and Bangsbo, J. (2001). Physiological Demands of Top Class Soccer Refereeing in Relation to Physical Capacity: Effect of Intense Intermittent Exercise Training. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(11): 881 - 891.
  • Mallo, J., Navarro, E., Garcia-Aranda, J. M., Gilis, B., and Helsen, W. (2009). Activity Profile of Top-Class Association Football Referees in Relation to Performance in Selected Physical Tests. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(7): 805 - 813.
  • Krustrup, P., Helsen, W., Randers, M. B., Christensen, J. F., MacDonald, C., Rebelo, A. N., ve ark., (2009). Activity Profile and Physical Demands of Football Referees and Assistant Referees in International Games. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(11): 1167 - 1176.
  • Weston, M., Drust, B., and Gregson, W. (2011). Intensities of Exercise During Match Play in FA Premier League Referees and Players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(5): 527 - 532.
  • Johnston, L., and McNaughton, L. (1994). The Physiological Requirements of Soccer Refereeing. Australian Journal of Science and Medicine Sport, 26(3-4): 67 - 72.
  • Catterall, C., Reilly, T., Atkinson, G., and Coldwells, A. (1993). Anayysis of Work Rate and Heart Rates of Association Football Referees. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(3): 193 - 196.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, G., and D’Ottavio, S. (2004). Activity Profile of International Level Soccer Referees During Competitive Matches. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(3): 486 - 490.
  • Harley, R., Tozer, K., and Doust, J. (2002). An Analysis of Movement Patterns and Physiological Strain in Relation to Optimal Positioning of Association Footbal Referees. Spinks, W., Reilly, T., and Murphy, A. (Ed). Science and Football IV (137 - 143). London: Routledge.2002
  • Weston, M., Castagna, C., Impellizzeri, M., Rampinini, E., and Abt, G. (2007). Analysis of Physical Match Performance in English Premier League Soccer Referees with Particular Reference to First Half and Player Work Rates. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 10(6): 390 - 397.
  • Weston, M., Castagna, C., Helsen, W., and Impellizzeri, F. (2009). Relationships Among Field - Test Measures and Physical Match Performance in Elite - Standard Soccer Referees. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(11): 1177 - 1184.
  • Weston, M., Castagna, C., Impellizzeri, F., Rampinini, E., and Breivik, S. (2010). Ageing and Physical Match Performance in English Premier League Soccer Referees. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(1): 96 - 100.
  • Kürkçü, C., ve Uluşar, Ü. D. (2014). Futbol Hakemlerinin Maçlar Sırasında Fiziksel Aktivite ve Kalp Ritmi Analizi. Tıp Teknolojileri Ulusal Kongresi, Kapadokya.
  • Young, W. B,. McLean, B., and Ardagna, J. (1995). Relationship Between Strength Qualities and Sprinting Performance. Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fittness, 35(1): 13 - 19.
  • Hennessy, L., and Kilty, J. (2001). Relationship of the Stretch - Shortening Cycle to Sprint Performance in Trained Female Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(3): 326 - 331.
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  • Eissmann, H. J., and D’Hooghe, M. (1996). Sports Medical Examinations. Eissmann, H. J. (Ed). The 23rd Man: Sports Medical Advice for Football Referees (7 - 19). Leipzig, Germany.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, C., and D’Ottavio, S. (2002). Relation Between Fitness Tests and Match Performance in Elite Italian Soccer Referees. Journal of Strength and Conditionnig Research, 16(2): 231 - 235.
  • Mallo, J., Navarro, E., Garcia-Aranda, J. M., Gilis, B., and Helsen, W. (2007). Activity Profile of Top Class Association Football Referees in Relation to Performance in Selected Physical Tests. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(7): 805 - 813.
  • Federation Internationale de Football Association (2008). Refereeing 2008: International Lists (246–249). Zurich: FIFA.
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  • Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., and Bangsbo, J. (2002). Activity Profile and Physiological Demands of Top Class Soccer Assistant Refereeing in Relation to Training Status. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(11):861 - 871.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, G., and D’Ottavio, S. (2007) Physiological Aspects of Soccer Refereeing Performance and Training. Sports Medicine, 37(7): 625 - 646.
  • Castagna, C, and Abt, G. (2003). Intermatch Variation of Match Activity in Elite Italian Soccer Referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 17(2): 388 - 392.
  • Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., and Bangsbo, J. (2005). Fatigue in Soccer: A Brief Review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(6): 593 – 599.
  • Mallo, J., Navarro, E., Garcia-Aranda, J. M., Gilis, B., and Helsen, W. (2008). Analysis of the Kinematical Demands Imposed on Top Class Assistant Referees During Competitive Soccer Matches. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(1): 235 - 242.
  • Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Amstrup, T., Rysgaard, T., Johansen, J., Steensberg, A., ve ark., (2003). The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test: Physiological Response, Reliability, and Validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(4): 697 - 705.
  • Weston, M., Helsen, W., MacMahon, C., and Kirkendall, D. (2004). The Impact of Specific High-Intensity Training Sessions on Football Referees’ Fitness Levels, The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(1): 54 - 61.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, G., and D’Ottavio, S. (2005). Competitive Level Differences in Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery and Twelve Minute Run Test Performance in Soccer Referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(4): 805 - 809.
  • Boullosa, D. A., Abreu, L., Tuimil, J. L., and Leicht, A. S. (2012). Impact of A Soccer Match on the Cardiac Autonomic Control of Referees. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(6): 2233 - 2242.
  • Svensson, M., and Drust, B. (2005). Testing Soccer Players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(6): 601 - 618.
  • Bassett, D. R., and Howley, E. T. (2000). Limiting Factors for Maximum Oxygen Uptake and Determinants of Endurance Performance. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 32(1): 70 - 80.
  • Ramsbottom, R., Brewer, J., and Williams, C. (1988). A Progressive Shuttle Run Test to Estimate Maximal Oxygen Uptake. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 22(4): 141 - 144.
  • Castagna, C., and D'Ottavio, S. (2001). Effect of Maximal Aerobic Power on Match Performance in Elite Soccer Referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(4): 420 - 425.
  • Weston, M., and Brewer, J. (2002). A Study of the Physiological Demands of Soccer Players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20: 59 - 60.
  • Taylor, A. H., Cable, N. T., Faulkner, G., Hillsdon, M., Narici, M., and Van Der Bij, A. K. (2004). Physical Activity and Older Adults: A Review of Health Benefits and the Effectiveness of Interventions. Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(8):703 - 25.
  • Proctor, D. N., Joyner, M. J. (1997). Skeletal Muscle Mass and the Reduction of VO2max in Trained Older Subjects. Journal of Applied Physiology, 82(5): 1411 - 1415.
  • Heath, G. W., Hagberg, J. M., Ehsani, A. A., and Holloszy, J. O. (1981). A Physiological Comparison of Young and Older Endurance Athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology, 51(3): 634 - 640.
  • Higginbotham, M. B., Morris, K. G., Williams, R. S., Coleman, R. E., and Cobb, F. R. (1986). Physiologic Basis for the Age-Related Decline in Aerobic Work Capacity. American Journal of Cardiology, 57(15): 1374 - 1379.
  • Bangsbo, J., Mohr, M., Krustrup P. (2004). Physical Capacity and Match Performance of Top-Class Referees in Relation to Age., Journal of Sports Sciences, 22(6): 485-493.
  • Castagna, C., Abt, G., D’Ottavio, S., and Weston, M. (2005). Age-Related Effects on Fitness Performance in Elite Level Soccer Referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(4): 785 - 790.
  • Casajusa, J. A., and Castagna, C. (2007). Aerobic Fitness and Field Test Performance in Elite Spanish Soccer Referees of Different Ages. Journal of Sciences and Medicine Sports, 10(6): 382 - 389.
  • Allen, W. K., Seals, D., K., Hurley, B. F., Ehsani, A. A., and Hagberg, J. M.. (1985). Lactate Threshold and Distance Running Performance in Young and Older Endurance Athletes. Journal of Applied Physiology, 58(4): 1281 - 1284.
  • Bravo, D. F., Impellizzeri, M. F., Rampinini, E., Castagna, C., Bishop, D., and Wisloff, U. (2008). Sprint vs. Interval Training in Football. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(8): 668 - 674.
  • Özdamar, E., Yılmaz, A., ve Kin-İşler, A. (2011). Klasman ve İl Hakemlerinin Sürat ve Sıçrama Özelliklerinin ncelenmesi. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 22(2): 84 - 92.
  • Komi, P. V., and Bosco, C. (1978). Utalization of Stored Elastic Energy in Leg Extensor Muscles of Men and Women. Medicine Science and Sports, 10(4): 261 - 265.
  • Davis, D. S., Barnetta, B. J., Kiger, J. T., Mirasola, J. J., Young, S.M. (2004). Physical Characteristics That Predict Functional Performance in Division I College Football Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(1): 115 - 120.
  • Bosco, C., and Komi, P. V. (1980). Influence of Aging on the Mechanical Behaviour of Leg Extensor Muscles. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 45(2-3): 209 - 219.
  • Müniroğlu, S. (2007). A Research on Sprint and Vertical Jump Capabilities of Professional Football League Referees in Turkey. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, supp 10, 213.
  • Trininic, S., Markovic, G., and Heimer, G. (2001). Effects of Development Training of Basketball Cadets Realised in the Competitive Period. Collegium Antropologicum, 25(2): 591 - 604.
  • Metikos, D., Markovic, G., Prot, F., and Jakic, I. (2003). Latent Structure of Agility Obtained by A Battery Tests. Kinesiology, 35(2): 14 - 2.
  • Bompa, T. (1999). Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Training. United States: Human Kinetics.
  • Graham, J. F. (2000). Agility Training. Brown, L. E., Ferrigno, V. A., Santana, J. C., (Ed), Training For Speed, Agility, and Quickness, United Stated: Human Kinetics.
  • Castagna, C., Impellizzeri, F. M., Bizzini, M., Weston, M., and Manzi, V. (2011). Applicability of Change of Direction Ability Field Test in Soccer Assistant Referees. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(3): 860 - 866.
  • Yanci, J., Los, A. A., Grande, I., and Casajus, J. A. (2016). Change of Direction Ability Test Differentiates Higher Level and Lower Level Soccer Referees, Biology of Sports, 33(2): 173 - 177.
Toplam 93 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Hareket ve Egzersiz Bilimi
Yazarlar

İbrahim Can

Kevser Ersoy Bu kişi benim

Serdar Bayrakdaroğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Ocak 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Kasım 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Can, İ., Ersoy, K., & Bayrakdaroğlu, S. (2017). GÜMÜŞHANE İL ADAY FUTBOL HAKEMLERİNİN BAZI PERFORMANS PARAMETRELERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. İnönü Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 23-40.

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