Une étude sur les arrhes (au sens de l’art. 177 du COT), le dédit reel (l’art. 178 du COT) et la peine résolutoire (le dernier alinéa de l’art. 179 du COT)

Year 2023, Issue: 73, 207 - 237, 24.11.2023

Efe Can Yıldırır

https://doi.org/10.26650/annales.2023.73.0007

Abstract

Dans la vie quotidienne comme dans la vie commerciale, il arrive fréquemment que les parties exécutent ou s’engagent à exécuter certaines prestations afin de prouver le contrat qu’elles ont établi et parfois de se débarrasser des engagements qu’elles ont pris. Compte tenu de cette situation, le législateur, prenant en considération l’importance de ces habitudes séculaires, a introduit dans le Code turc des obligations des dispositions relatives aux arrhes, au dédit réel et à la peine résolutoire et y a attaché certaines conséquences juridiques. Cette étude vise à analyser chacun de ces concepts séparément en termes de théorie et de pratique. Dans le premier chapitre, les arrhes seront analysées du point de vue de sa nature, de sa fonction, de son sort en cas d’exécution ou d’inexécution de l’obligation de prestation principale, et de l’application ou non du dernier alinéa de l’art. 182 COT concernant la réduction de la clause pénale. Les dispositions du Code civil allemand concernant les arrhes seront notamment mentionnées - dans la mesure où elles sont compatibles avec le droit turc. Dans le deuxième et troisième chapitres, les concepts du dédit réel et de la peine résolutoire, qui ont des fonctions similaires, seront examinés du point de vue de leur nature, de leurs fonctions, de leur sort en cas d’exécution ou d’inexécution de l’obligation de prestation principale, et de l’application ou non du dernier alinéa de l’art. 182 COT concernant la réduction de la clause pénale. Dans ce contexte, seule le droit suisse sera analysé pour l’examen de ces concepts, compte tenu de la nature exceptionnelle desdites dispositions.

Keywords

Les Arrhes, Le Dédit Réel, La Peine Résolutoire, La Réduction, La Peine Conventionnelle

A study on the deposit (within the meaning of Art. 177 of the COT), the actual forfeiture (art. 178 of the COT), and the resolutive penalty (the last paragraph of Art. 179 of the COT)

Abstract

Acts that parties fulfill or undertake to fulfill in order to prove a contract concluded or to be rid of an undertaken commitment are frequently encountered in both daily and commercial life. When taking this situation into consideration, legislators have considered the importance of these types of centuries-old habits by introducing regulations to the Turkish Code of Obligations (TCO) on earnest money, forfeit money, or withdrawal and termination by paying a penalty and attaching certain legal consequences. This study aims to analyze each of these concepts separately in terms of theory and practice. The first section will analyze earnest money from the point of view of its nature, function, and fate in the event of performance or non-performance of the main performance obligation, as well as the application or non-application of the last paragraph of Article 182 in the TCO concerning the reduction of the contractual penalty. In particular, the first section will discuss the provisions of the German Civil Code concerning deposits and their compatibility with Turkish law. The second and third chapters will examine the concepts and similar functions of forfeit money and withdrawal or termination by paying a penalty from the point of view of their nature, their functions, and their fate in the event of performance or non-performance of the main performance obligation, as well as the application or non-application of the last paragraph of Article 182 in the TCO concerning the reduction of the contractual penalty. In this context, these sections will only analyze Swiss law regarding the examination of these concepts, given the exceptional nature of these provisions.

Keywords

Earnest Money, Forfeit Money, Contractual Penalty, Reduction, Withdrawal or Termination by Paying a Penalty

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