Antioxidant Activities of Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb. Extracts and Sulfur Compounds

Bertan Boran Bayrak; Refiye Yanardağ

doi:10.26650/EurJBiol.2021.1028656

Research Article

Antioxidant Activities of Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb. Extracts and Sulfur Compounds

Year 2021, , 154 - 163, 17.12.2021

Bertan Boran Bayrak , Refiye Yanardağ

https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2021.1028656

Abstract

Objective: Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb. is grown in East and Southeast Mediterranean regions of Turkey, and is commonly used as an edible plant in these regions. The aim of the current study was to determine the antioxidant activities of different E. spectabilis M. Bieb. extracts and some sulfur compounds.

Materials and Methods: In this study, the antioxidant activities of aqueous, ethanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts of E. spectabilis M. Bieb. and sulfur compounds (α-lipoic acid, cysteamine, cysteine, diallyl sulfide, glutathione, homocysteine, N-acetyl cysteine, vitamin U and 1,4-dithioerythritol) were assessed in several antioxidant tests. These tests included reducing power, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, N,N-dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, metal chelating activities and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power. The phytochemical profiles and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of all extracts were investigated.

Results: It was found out that the antioxidant activities of all the extracts and sulfur compounds generally increased with concentration increases, the highest antioxidant activity was found in ethyl acetate extract, while the aqueous extract was found to have the lowest antioxidant activity. Diallyl sulfide was found to have the highest antioxidant activity, whereas vitamin U had the lowest antioxidant activity. It was observed that all extracts of E. spectabilis M. Bieb. and the sulfur compounds showed antioxidant activity.

Conclusion: The E. spectabilis M. Bieb. and sulfur compounds investigated in this study could be considered as a source of antioxidants.

Keywords

Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb., antioxidant potential, sulfur compounds, free radicals, phytochemical screening

Supporting Institution

Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Scientific Research Projects Units

Project Number

Grant numbers: 22605 and UDP-55170

References

1. Hayta S, Polat R, Selvi S. Traditional uses of medicinal plants in Elazığ (Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 154(3): 613-23. google scholar
2. Güler B, Erkan Y, Uğurlu E. Traditional uses and ecological resem-blance of medicinal plants in two districts of the Western Aegean Region (Turkey). Environ Dev Sustain 2020; 22(3): 2099-120. google scholar
3. Beiranvand M, Beiranvand F. Iranian plant Eremurus persicus: An overview of botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharma-cology. Nat Prod Res 2021; doi: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1916744 [Epub ahead of print]. google scholar
4. Mehdiyeva N, Fayvush G, Aleksanyan A, Alizade V, Paniagua Zam-brana NY, Bussmann RW. Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb. Xanthor-rhoeaceae. Bussmann RW, editor. Ethnobotany of the Caucasus. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2017.p. 285-88. google scholar
5. Baytop T. Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi: Geçmişte ve Bugün. Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri 1999.s.185. google scholar
6. Karaoğlan ES, Albayrak A, Kutlu Z, Bayır Y. Gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of Eremurus spectabilis Bieb. methanol extract and its isolated component isoorientin on indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2018; 33: 609-18. google scholar
7. Abubaker SR, Hidayat HJ. Anti-tumor potential of local aslerk (Er-emurus spectabilis) leaf extracts by HPLC and applying on cancer cell lines in vitro. Iraqi J Cancer Med Genet 2015; 8(2): 123-8. google scholar
8. Mushtaq A, Masoodi MH, Wali AF, Ganai BA. Total phenolic con-tent, total flavonoid content, in vitro antioxidant activity and anti-microbial activity against human pathogenic bacteria of Eremurus himalaicus -An edible herb of North Western Himalayas. Free Radic Antioxid 2017; 7(1): 90-4. google scholar
9. Bayrak BB, Yanardag R. Histone deacetylase, xanthine oxidase and urease inhibitory activities of Eremurus spectabilis M. Bieb. extracts. Experimed 2021a; 11(2): doi: 10.26650/experimed.2021.913680 [Epub ahead of print]. google scholar
10. Bayrak BB, Yanardag R. Inhibitory effects of aqueous extract of Er-emurus spectabilis M. Bieb. on diabetes mellitus and skin related enzymes. Istanbul J Pharm 2021b; 51(2): doi: 10.26650/IstanbulJ-Pharm.2021.934461 [Epub ahead of print]. google scholar
11. Njoya E. Medicinal plants, antioxidant potential, and cancer. Preedy VR, Pattel VB, editors. 2nd ed., Cancer: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants. London: Academic Press; 2021.p. 349-57. google scholar
12. Falahi E, Delshadian Z, Ahmadvand H, Jokar S. Head space volatile constituents and antioxidant properties of five traditional Iranian wild edible plants grown in west of Iran. AIMS Agric Food 2019; 4(4): 1034-53. google scholar
13. Adawia K, Rawaa AK, Ghalia S. Phytochemical screening and anti-oxidant activity of selected wild plants in Liliaceae family growing Syria. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res 2016; 8(12): 2025-32. google scholar
14. Zhu H, Dronamraju V, Xie W, More SS. Sulfur-containing therapeu-tics in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res 2021; 30: 305-52. google scholar
15. Komarnisky LA, Christopherson RJ, Basu TK. Sulfur: Its clinical and toxicologic aspects. Nutrition 2003; 19(1): 54-61. google scholar
16. Francioso A, Baseggio Conrado A, Mosca L, Fontana M. Chemistry and biochemistry of sulfur natural compounds: Key intermediates of metabolism and redox biology. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020: 8294158. google scholar
17. Aiyelaagbe OO, Osamudiamen PM. Phytochemical screening for active compounds in Magnifera indica leaves from Ibadan, Oyo State. Plant Sci Res 2009; 2(1): 11-3. google scholar
18. Slinkard K, Singleton VL. Total phenols analysis: Automation and comparison with manual methods. Am J Enol Vitic 1997; 28(1): 4955. google scholar
19. Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W. The determination of flavo-noid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on super-oxide radicals. Food Chem 1999; 64(4): 555-9. google scholar
20. Oyaizu M. Studies on products of browning reaction: Antioxidative activities of browning reaction prepared from glucose amine. Jpn J Nutr Diet 1986; 44(6): 307-15. google scholar
21. Apak R, Güçlü K, Özyürek M Karademir SE. Novel antioxidant ca-pacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamin C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocupro-ine: CUPRAC method. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52(26): 7970-81. google scholar
22. Benzie IFF, Strain JJ. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power”: The FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 1996; 239(1): 70-6. google scholar
23. Arnao MB, Cano A, Acosta M. The hydrophilic and lipophilic con-tribution to total antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2001; 73(2): 23944. google scholar
24. Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C. Use of a free radical meth-od to evaluate antioxidant activity. LWT-Food Sci Technol 1995; 28(1): 25-30. google scholar
25. Fogliano V, Verde V, Randazzo G, Ritieni A. Method for measuring antioxidant activity and its application to monitoring the antioxi-dant capacity of wines. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47(3): 1035-40. google scholar
26. Liu F, Ooi VEC, Chang ST. Free radical scavenging activities of mushroom polysaccharide extracts. Life Sci 1997; 60(10): 763-71. google scholar
27 Sakanaka S, Tachibana Y, Okada Y Preparation and antioxidant properties of Japanese persimnon leaf tea (kakinoha-cha) Food Chem 2005; 89(4): 569-75 google scholar
28 Decker EA, Welch B Role of ferritin as a lipid oxidation catalyst in muscle food J Agric Food Chem 1990; 38(3): 674-7 google scholar
29 Alqethami A, Aldhebiani AY Medicinal plants used in Jeddah, Sau-di Arabia: Phytochemical screening Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28(1): 805-12 google scholar
30 Bandiola TMB Extraction and qualitative phytochemical screening of medicinal plants: A brief summary Int J Pharm 2018; 8(1): 13743 google scholar
31 Velu G, Palanichamy V, Rajan AP Phytochemical and pharmaco-logical importance of plant secondary metabolites in modern medicine Roopan S, Madhumitha G, editors Bioorganic Phase in Natural Food: An Overview Cham: Springer; 2018 p 135-56 google scholar
32 Benzidia B, Barbouchi M, Hammouch H, Belahbib N, et al Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of tannins extract from green rind of Aloe vera (L ) Burm F J King Saud Univ Sci 2019; 31(4): 117581 google scholar
33 Salehi B, Ayatollahi SA, Segura-Carretero A, Kobarfard F, Contreras MDM, Faizi M, et al Bioactive chemical compounds in Eremurus persicus (Joub & Spach) Boiss essential oil and their health impli-cations. Cell Mol Biol 2017; 63(9): 1-7 google scholar
34 Dhalaria R, Verma R, Kumar D, Puri S, Tapwal A, Kumar V, et al Bioac-tive compounds of edible fruits with their anti-aging properties: A comprehensive review to prolong human life Antioxidants, 2020; 9(11): 1123 google scholar
35 Ozsoy N, Can A, Yanardag R, Akev N Antioxidant activity of Smilax excelsa L leaf extracts Food Chem 2008; 110(3): 571-83 google scholar
36 Ozsoy N, Yilmaz T, Kurt O, Can A, Yanardag R In vitro antioxidant activity of Amaranthus lividus L Food Chem 2009; 116(4): 867-72 google scholar
37 Peksel A, Arisan-Atac I, Yanardag R Evaluation of antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of the extracts of Pistacia atlan-tica Desf Leaves J Food Biochem 2010; 34(3): 451-76 google scholar
38 Munteanu IG, Apetrei C Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activity: A review Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22(7): 3380 google scholar
39 Bernaert N, De Paepe D, Bouten C, De Clercq H, Stewart D, Van Bockstaele E et al Antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and ascor-bate content as a function of the genetic diversity of leek (Allium ampeloprasum var porrum) Food Chem 2012; 134(2): 669-77 google scholar
40 Moini H, Packer L, Saris NEL Antioxidant and prooxidant activities of a-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2002; 182(1): 84-90 google scholar
41. Güngör N, Özyürek M, Güçlü K, Demirci Çekiç S, Apak R. Compar-ative evaluation of antioxidant capacities of thiol-based antioxi-dants measured by different in vitro methods. Talanta 2011; 83(5): 1650-8. google scholar
42. Surveswaran S, Cai YZ, Corke H, Sun M. Systematic evaluation of natural phenolic antioxidants from 133 Indian medicinal plants. Food Chem 2007; 102(3): 938-53. google scholar
43. Gaggeri R, Rossi D, Mahmood K, Gozzini D, Mannucci B, Corana F, et al. Towards elucidating Eremurus root remedy: Chemical profiling and preliminary biological investigations of Eremurus persicus and Eremurus spectabilis root ethanolic extracts. J Med Plant Res 2015; 9(41): 1038-48. google scholar
44. Ates B, Abraham L, Ercal N. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) and comparison with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Free Radic Res 2008; 42(4): 372-7. google scholar
45. Sanchez, M, Sabio L, Galvez N, Capdevila M, Dominguez-Vera JM. Iron chemistry at the service of life. IUBMB Life 2017; 69(6): 382-8. google scholar
46. Sabraoui T, Khider T, Nasser B, Eddoha R, Moujahid A, Benbachir M. et al. Determination of punicalagins content, metal chelating, and antioxidant properties of edible pomegranate (Punica granatum L) peels and seeds grown in Morocco. Int J Food Sci 2020; 2020: 8885889. google scholar
47. Peksel A, Imamoglu S, Altas Kiymaz N, Orhan N. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of Asphodelus aestivus Brot. extracts. Int J Food Prop 2013; 16(6): 1339-50. google scholar
48. Eddine LS, Segni L, Redha OM, Noureddine G. Free radical scav-enging activity of leaf extract of Rumex vesicarius L. obtained by different methods. Int J Toxicol Pharmacol Res 2015; 7(3): 140-6. google scholar
49. Sacan O, Orak H, Yanardag R. Antioxidant activity of water extract of Eruca sativa Mill. Asian J Chem 2008; 20(5): 3462-74. google scholar
50. Bircan B, Kırbağ S. Determination of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Eremurus spectabilis Bieb. ACU J For Fac 2015; 16(2): 176-186. google scholar
51. Kejfk Z, Kaplanek R, Masank M, Babula P, Matkowski A, Filipensky P, et al. Iron complexes of flavonoids-antioxidant capacity and be-yond. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22(2): 646. google scholar