Scape, Rhizome and Root Anatomy of Polygonatum Species from Turkey

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 80 Sayı: 2, 164 - 172, 17.12.2021

Yeter Yeşil F. Neriman Özhatay

https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2021.1026981

Öz

Objective: Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) is a rhizomatous monocotyledon genus that is distributed in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus is represented by 5 species in Turkey (P. glaberrimum, P. latifolium, P. multiflorum, P. verticillatum and P. orientale). Karyological, palynological, phylogenic, chemotaxonomical and some anatomical studies of Polygonatum species have been carried out previously. However, the detailed anatomical features of the scape, rhizome and root of Polygonatum species grown in Turkey have not been examined before and so the aim of this study is to determine their anatomical characteristics. Also, the study compares the species with each other according to obtained anatomical characteristics and comparing them with previous anatomical studies.

Materials and Methods: Investigations were carried out on fresh material collected from wild habitats during July 2009- 2012 in Turkey. Cross-sections of scape, rhizome and roots were cut by hand, detailed photographs were taken under a light microscope, and anatomical structures were drawn in detail with an isograph pen.

Results: The anatomical structures of Polygonatum species have monocotyledones features. Significant differences between species were observed, such as the number of costas in the scape, number of xylem arms in the root and the types of vascular bundle in the rhizome. Also, the anatomical characteristics of the species were compared with previous anatomical studies.

Conclusion: The anatomical features determined by this study will be useful at the species level as well as at the genus and family level. Hence the obtained data will contribute to the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Polygonatum, Asparagaceae, Anatomy, Solomans seal, Turkey

Kaynakça

• 1. Chien-Ti C, Yen-Hsueh T. Revision of Polygonatum (Asparagaceae, Nolinoideae, Polygonateae) of Taiwan. PhytoKeys 2019; 117: 99-118. google scholar
• 2. Deng XY, Wang Q, He XJ. Karyotypes of 16 populations of eight species in the genus Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) from China. Bot J Linn Soc 2009; 159(2): 245-54. google scholar
• 3. The Plant List, 2021. (http://www.theplantlist.org/). (Accessed 20 September 2021). google scholar
• 4. Yeşil Y. Polygonatum, Paris ve Vertarum cinsleri üzerinde farmasö-tik botanik çalışmalar. İ.Ü. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi. 2013. google scholar
• 5. Byng JW, Chase MW, Christenhusz MJM, Fay MF, Judd WS, Mabber-ley D, et al. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classi-fication for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV, Bot J Linn Soc 2016; 181(1): 1-20. google scholar
• 6. Reveal JL, Chase MW. Bibliographical Information and Synonymy of Magnoliidae: APG III. Phytotaxa 2011; 19: 71-134. google scholar
• 7. Seberg O, Petersen G, Davis JI, Pires CP, Stevenson DW, Chase MW, et al. Phylogeny of the Asparagales based on three plastids and two mitochondrial genes. Am J Bot 2012; 99: 875-89. google scholar
• 8. Abramova LI. On the taxonomical structure of the genus Polygona-tum Mill. Botaniceskii Zurnal 1965; 60:490-7. google scholar
• 9. Baker JG. Revision of the genera and species of Asparagaceae. J Proc Linn Soc Bot 1875; 14: 508-46. google scholar
• 10. Chang GJ, Kim YS. Morphological evolution and relationships of Korean Polygonatum. Korean J Plt Taxon 1999; 29: 135-49. google scholar
• 11. Jeffrey C. The genus Polygonatum in eastern Asia. Kew Bull 1980; 34: 435-71. google scholar
• 12. Tamura MN. Biosystematic studies on the genus Polygonatum (Lili-aceae) I. Karyotype analysis of species indigenous to Japan and its adjacent regions. Cytologia 1990; 55: 443- 66. google scholar
• 13. Meng Y, Nie ZL, Deng T, Wen J, Yang YP. Phylogenetics and evolu-tion of phyllotaxy in the Solomon’s seal genus Polygonatum (As-paragaceae: Polygonateae). Bot J Linn Soc 2014; 176(4): 435-51. google scholar
• 14. Tamura MN. Biosystematic studies on the genus Polygonatum (Lili-aceae) III. Morphology of staminal filaments and karyology of elev-en Eurasian species. Bot Jahrb Syst 1993; 115: 1-26. google scholar
• 15. Tamura MN. Taxonomic studies on the genus Polygonatum (Liliace-ae). Proc Jpn Soc Pl Taxon 1993; 9: 73-81. google scholar
• 16. Tamura MN, Schwarzbach AE, Kruse S, Reski R. Biosystematic stud-ies on the genus Polygonatum (Convallariaceae) IV: Molecular phy-logenetic analysis based on restriction site mapping of the chloro-plast gene trnK. Feddes Repert 1997; 108: 159-68. google scholar
• 17. Floden A, Schilling EE. Using phylogenomics to reconstruct phy-logenetic relationships within tribe Polygonateae (Asparagaceae), with a special focus on Polygonatum. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 129: 202-13. google scholar
• 18. Chen CW, Li YT, Zhou SB. Comparative investigation on leaf epider-mis of five species of Polygonatum from Dabieshan. J Anhui Agric Univ 2006; 33(1): 108-12. google scholar
• 19. Li, JH, Zhou SB, Wang CJ, Yu BQ. Comparative Anatomy of the Leaves in Polygonatum from Anhui Province. Acta Bot Yunnan 2005; 27(5): 509-16. google scholar
• 20. Li, JH, Zhou SB, Wang Y, Tian, CC. Leaf comparative anatomy of Po-lygonatum cyrtonema from five populations. Guihaia 2007; 27(6): 826-31. google scholar
• 21. Meng Y, Wang JJ, Nie ZL. Comparative morphology of leaf epider-mis in 34 species of Maianthemum (Asparagaceae, Polygonateae) and their systematic significance. Phytotaxa 2016; 275(2): 81-96. google scholar
• 22. Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhou H-B, Xu RS, Lian S, Zhang DC. Study on the leaf epidermis of Polygonatum from Anhui Province. Guihaia 1999; 19: 263-6. google scholar
• 23. Çitak BY, Dural H, Uysal T. Comparative anatomical and morpho-logical studies on six Muscari species (Asparagaceae). Biol Divers Conserv 2019; 12(2): 141-50. google scholar
• 24. Raycheva T, Stojanov K. Comparative anatomical study of five spe-cies of genus Asparagus in Bulgaria. Trakia J Sci 2013; 11(2): 104-9. google scholar
• 25. Ali M, Bahadur S, Hussain A, Saeed S, Khuram I, Ullah M, et al. Foli-ar epidermal micromorphology and its taxonomic significance in Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) using scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83: 1381-90. google scholar
• 26. Riznychuk N, Gniezdilova V. Anatomical structure of Polygonatum Mill. species in the Precarpathian region. Journal Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpath Nat Uni 2020; 7(4): 53-5. google scholar
• 27. Pandey MM, Govindarajan R, Khatoon S, Singh Rawat AK, Mehrotra S. Pharmacognostical Studies of Polygonatum cirrifolium and Po-lygonatum verticillatum. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 2007; 12: 1(2), 37-48. google scholar
• 28. Kauff F, Rudall PJ, Conran JG. Systematic root anatomy of Aspara-gales and other monocotyledons. Plant Syst Evol 2000; 223: 13954. google scholar
• 29. Miller R. Polygonatum Mill. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands Volume 8. Davis PH, editor. Edinburgh; Edinburgh Universi-ty Press; 1984. google scholar
• 30. Bizim Bitkiler, 2021. (https://bizimbitkiler.org.tr/yeni/demos/tech-nical/). (Accessed 22 September 2021). google scholar
• 31. Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT, editors. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını: 2012. google scholar
• 32. Çelebioğlu S, Baytop T. A new reagent for microscopical investiga-tion of plant. Publication of the Institute of Pharmacognosy 1949; 10: 301. google scholar
• 33. Cutler DF, Botha T, Stevenson D, editors. Plant Anatomy an applied approach. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing; 2007. google scholar
• 34. Cutter EG. Plant Anatomy Part 2. 2nd ed. Newyork: John Wiley & Sons Press; 1971. google scholar
• 35. Cutter EG. Plant Anatomy Part 1, 2nd ed. Newyork: Addison-Wesley Press; 1978. google scholar
• 36. Rudall PJ. Anatomy of flowering plants: An introduction to plant structure and development. 3rd ed. Cambridge; Cambridge Uni-versity Press: 2007. google scholar
• 37. Yentür S. Bitki Anatomisi. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Yayınları; 2003. google scholar
• 38. Raycheva T, Stojanov K. Comparative anatomical study of five spe-cies of genus Asparagus in Bulgaria. Trakia J Sci 2013; 11 (2): 104-9. google scholar
• 39. Zotz G, Schickenberg N, Albach D. The velamen radicum is com-mon among terrestrial monocotyledons. Anal Bot 2017;120:625-32. google scholar
• 40. Huber H. Die Samenmerkmale und VerwandtschaftsverMltnisse der Liliifloren. München; Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssam-mlung: 1969. google scholar
• 41. Namba T, Komatsu K, Liu YP, Mikage M. Pharmacognostical studies on the Polygonatum plants. I. On the Tibetan crude drug Ra-mnye. Shoyakugaku Zasshi 1991; 45: 99-108. google scholar
• 42. Meng Y, Wang JJ, Nie ZL. Comparative morphology of leaf epider-mis in 34 species of Maianthemum (Asparagaceae, Polygonateae) and their systematic significance. Phytotaxa 2016; 275(2): 81-96. google scholar