INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AR-GE PAYMENTS AND HIGH TECHNOLOGY EXPORTS IN NEW INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES BY PANEL DATA ANALYSIS METHOD

Abstract

This study examines the impact of research and development (R&D) expenditures on high technology exports from 7 Newly Industrialized Countries during the period 1996-2013 by using panel data analysis. The data for high technology exports are used from 5 different manufacturing sectors, which are accepted by the World Bank. We found that R&D expenditures had positive impact on high technology exports. Moreover, there was one-way causality relationship running from R&D expenditures to high technology exports. 

Keywords

• Newly Industrialized Countries,R&D Expenditure,High- tech Exports,Panel Data Analysis

* YENİ SANAYİLEŞEN ÜLKELERDE AR-GE HARCAMALARI VE YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ ÜRÜNÜ İHRACATI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ YÖNTEMİ İLE İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Ar-Ge harcamalarının yüksek teknoloji ürünü ihracatına etkisi 7 yeni sanayileşen ülkenin 1996-2013 dönemi verilerine panel veri analiz yöntemlerinden Granger nedensellik ve sabit ve rassal etkiler tah- min metotları uygulanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada, Dünya Bankası tarafından yüksek teknoloji ürünü olarak kabul edilen 5 sektörün verileri kullanılmıştır. Granger nedensellik testi sonucuna göre Ar-Ge harcamaları yüksek teknoloji ürünü ihracatına neden olurken, rassal etkiler tahmin so- nuçları da Ar-Ge harcamalarının yüksek teknoloji ürünü ihracatına pozitif ve anlamlı etki ettiğini göstermiştir. 

Keywords

• Yeni Sanayileşen Ülkeler,Ar-Ge Harcamaları,Yüksek Teknoloji İhracatı,Panel Veri Analizi

References

1. Baltagi. B.H., (2005), Econometrics Analysis of Panel Data, 3. Baskı, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons
2. Belay, S., (2005), “Determinants of Levels of High Technology Exports: An Empirical Investigation”, Advances in Competitiveness Research, 13(1), 64-79
3. Braunerhjelm, P. ve Thulin, P., (2006), “Can Countries Create Comparative Advantages?”, Centre of Excellence for Studies in Science and Innovation (CESIS), Electronic Working Paper Series, Working Paper No. 61
4. Göçer, İ., (2013), “Ar-Ge Harcamalarının Yüksek Teknolojili Ürün İhracatı, Dış Ticaret Dengesi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkileri”, Maliye Dergisi, 165, 215-240
5. Granger, C.W.J., (1969), “Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Methods”, Econometrica, 37(3), 424-438
6. Grossman, G. ve Helpman, E., (1991), “Innovation and Growth in World Economy”, Cambridge: MIT Press
7. Hatzichronoglou, T., (1997), “Revision of the High-Technology Sector and Product Classification”, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, 1997/02, OECD Publishing.
8. Hausman, J.A., (1978), “Specification Tests in Econometrics”, Econometrica, 46, 1251-1272.

9. Hsiao, C., (2003), Analysis of Panel Data, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
10. İsmail, N.W., (2013), “Innovation and High-Tech Trade in Asian Countries”, International Conference on Recent Developments in Asian Trade Policy and Integration, 20–21 February 2013, Kuala Lumpur, Malezya
11. Kılıç, C., Bayar, Y. ve Özekicioğlu, H., (2014), “Araştırma Geliştirme Harcamalarının Yüksek teknoloji Ürün İhracatı Üzerindeki Etkisi: G-8 Ülkeleri İçin Bir Panel Veri Analizi”,Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 44, 115-130
12. Knoema, (2016), Research and Development Expenditure (% of GDP), http://knoema.com/WBWDIGDF2016Mar/world-development- indicators-wdi-february-2016#, (erişim: 2016)
13. Lall S., (2000), “The Technological Structure and Performance of Developing Country Manufactured Exports, 1985-98”, Oxford Development Studies, 28, 337-369
14. Landesmann, M. ve Pfaffermayr, M., (1997), “Technological Competition and Trade Performance”, Applied Economics, 29(2), 179-196
15. Mayer, J., Butkevicius, A. ve Kadri, A. (2002), “Dynamic Products in World Exports”, Geneva, UNCTAD, Discussion Papers No. 159
16. OECD, (2009), “OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2009”, http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/sti_scoreboard-2009- en/03/02/, (erişim: 2016)
17. Özer, M. ve Çiftçi, N., (2009), “Ar-Ge Harcamaları ve İhracat İlişkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Panel Veri Analizi”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23, 39-49
18. Posner, M.V., (1961), “International Trade and Technical Progress”, Oxford Economic Papers, 13, 323-341
19. Rivera-Batiz, L.A. ve Romer, P.M., (1991), “Economic Integration and Endogenous Growth”,Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 531-555
20. Sandu, S. ve Ciocanel, B., (2014), Impact of R&D and Innovation on High-tech Export”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 15, 80-90
21. Srholec, M., (2006), Global Production Systems and Technological Catching - Up: Thinking Twice about High-Tech Industries in Emerging Countries. In K. Piech and S. Radoˇseviˇc (eds.), The Knowledge-Based Economy in Central and East European Countries: Countries and Industries in a Process of Change. New York: Palgrave Macmillan
22. Srholec, M., (2007), “High-Tech Exports from Developing Countries: A Symptom of Technology Spurts or Statistical Illusion?”, Review of World Economics 143(2), 227-255
23. Vernon, R. (1966), “International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80, 190-207
24. Verspagen, B. ve Wakelin, K., (1997), “Trade and Technology from a Schumpeterian Perspective”, International Review of Applied Economics, 11(2), 181-194
25. World Bank, (2016), “High-technology Exports (Current US$)”, http:// data.worldbank.org/indicator/TX.VAL.TECH.CD, (erişim: 2016)
26. World Bank, (2016), “Research and Development Expenditure (% of GDP)”, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS, (erişim: 2016)
27. Young, A., 1991, “Learning by Doing and the Dynamic Effects of International Trade”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, 369-405