Sosyal Bilimlerde Faktör Analizi ve Geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizlerinin Kullanılması

Year 2017, Volume: 46 , 74 - 85, 22.11.2017

M. Murat Yaşlıoğlu

https://izlik.org/JA83ZA74BA

Abstract

Makalede, keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri anlatılmış ve bu analizleri doğru ele alabilmek için gerekli püf noktalara değinilmiştir. Uygulamacıların bu faktör analizlerini gerçekleştirirken dikkat etmesi gereken noktalar ve analizler sonucu elde edilecek çıktı tablolarının yorumlanması üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu tablolarda yer alan değerlerin ne anlama geldiği ve özellikle de faktör analizlerinin geriye dönük kontrolü bağlamında nasıl kullanılabileceğine yönelik ipuçları verilmiştir.

Keywords

Faktör Analizi , Keşfedici Faktör Analizi , Onaylayıcı Faktör Analizi , Uygunluk Değerleri , Düzeltme İndisleri

Factor Analysis and Validity in Social Sciences: Application of Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses

https://izlik.org/JA83ZA74BA

Abstract

In this paper, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are detailed. Best practises and some key topics for aforementioned analyses are evaluated. The important points of factor analysis and values extracted from the results tables are noted and the meanings of the key values are investigated both for meaning and especially for control of the final results.

Keywords

Factor Analysis , Exploratory Factor , Confirmatory Factor , Fit Indices , Modification Indices

References

• Aish, A. M., & Jöreskog, K. G. (1990). A panel model for political efficacy and responsiveness: An application of LISREL 7 with weighted least squares. Quality & Quantity, 24(4), 405-426. [CrossRef] Albayrak, A. S. (2006). Uygulamali çok degiskenli istatistik teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayin Dagitim. Arbuckle, J. (2008). Amos 17.0 user’s guide. SPSS Inc.. Barrett, P. (2007). Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit. Personality And Individual Differences, 42(5), 815-824. [CrossRef] Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588. [CrossRef] Bollen, K. A. (1990). Overall fit in covariance structure models: Two types of sample size effects. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 256. [CrossRef] Brown, J. D. (2009). Statistics Corner Questions and answers about language testing statistics: Principal components analysis and exploratory factor analysis, In.Definitions, differences, and choices. Byrne, B. M. (2011). Structural equation modeling with AMOS Basic concepts, applications, and programming (Multivariate Applications Series), Routledge, New York. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32(32), 470-483. Campbell, D. T. (1960). Recommendations for APA test standards regarding construct, trait, or discriminant validity. American Psychologist, 15(8), 546. [CrossRef] Cattell, R. (Ed.). (2012). The scientific use of factor analysis in behavioral and life sciences. Springer Science & Business Media. Churchill Jr, G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal Of Marketing Research, 64-73. [CrossRef] Coan, R. W. (1959). A comparison of oblique and orthogonal factor solutions. The Journal of Experimental Education, 27(3), 151-166. [CrossRef] Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 98. [CrossRef] Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical assessment, research & evaluation, 10(7), 1-9. Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281. [CrossRef] Diamantopoulos, A. & Siguaw, J. (2000). Introducing LISREL: A Guide for the Uninitiated (Introducing Statistical Methods Series). Sage Publications, London. [CrossRef] DiStefano, C., Zhu, M., & Mindrila, D. (2009). Understanding and using factor scores: Considerations for the applied researcher. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 14(20), 1-11. Dicle, C., & Kılınç B. (2007). Faktör Analizi ile 2006 Dünya Kupasına Katılan Takımların Belirlenmesi. Marmara İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 23(2), 355-362. Eisen, M., Ware Jr, J. E., Donald, C. A., & Brook, R. H. (1979). Measuring components of children’s health status. Medical Care, 902-921. [CrossRef] Eymen, U. E. (2007). SPSS 15.0 ile veri analizi. İstatistik Merkezi. Fan, X., Thompson, B., & Wang, L. (1999). Effects of sample size, estimation methods, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 56-83. [CrossRef] Field, A. (2006). Research Methods II: Reliability Analysis, Sage Publications, London. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal Of Marketing Research, 39-50. [CrossRef] Gorsuch, R. L. (1990). Common factor analysis versus component analysis: Some well and little known facts. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(1), 33-39. [CrossRef] Hair, J. F. J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis Seventh Edition Prentice Hall. Haladyna, T. M. (1999). Developing and validating multiple-choice exam items (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. Hoelter, J. W. (1983). The analysis of covariance structures: Goodness-of-fit indices. Sociological Methods & Research, 11(3), 325-344. [CrossRef] Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. [CrossRef] Johnson, R. A., & Wichern, D. W. (2014). Applied multivariate statistical analysis (Vol. 4). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Jolliffe, I. T. (1986). Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis. In Principal component analysis (pp. 115-128). Springer New York. [CrossRef] Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Scientific Software International. Mooresville, IL. Kalayci, Ş. (2006). Faktör analizi. SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Asil Yayın Dağıtım. Kenny, D. A., & McCoach, D. B. (2003). Effect of the number of variables on measures of fit in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 10(3), 333-351. [CrossRef] Kieffer, K. M. (1998). Orthogonal versus Oblique Factor Rotation: A Review of the Literature regarding the Pros and Cons. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA. Maiti, S. S., & Mukherjee, B. N. (1991). Two new goodness‐of‐fit indices for covariance matrices with linear structures. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 44(1), 153-180. [CrossRef] MacCallum, R. C., & Tucker, L. R. (1991). Representing sources of error in the common-factor model: Implications for theory and practice. Psychological Bulletin, 109(3), 502. [CrossRef] McDonald, R. P., & Ho, M. H. R. (2002). Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 64. [CrossRef] McHorney, C. A., Ware Jr, J. E., Lu, J. R., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1994). The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): III. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups. Medical Care, 40-66. [CrossRef] McQuitty, S. (2004). Statistical power and structural equation models in business research. Journal of Business Research, 57(2), 175-183. [CrossRef] Mulaik, S. A., James, L. R., Van Alstine, J., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 105(3), 430. [CrossRef] Nunnally, J. C. (1979). Psychometric theory (2nd ed).McGraw-Hill, New York Pett, M. A., Lackey, N. R., & Sullivan, J. J. (2003). Making sense of factor analysis: The use of factor analysis for instrument development in health care research. Sage. [CrossRef] Raykov, T. (1998). Coefficient alpha and composite reliability with interrelated nonhomogeneous items. Applied Psychological Measurement, 22(4), 375-385. [CrossRef] Rigdon, E. E. (1996). CFI versus RMSEA: A comparison of two fit indexes for structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(4), 369-379. [CrossRef] Saris, W. E., & Aalberts, C. (2003). Different explanations for correlated disturbance terms in MTMM studies. Structural Equation Modeling, 10(2), 193-213. [CrossRef] Saris, W. E., Satorra, A., & Sörbom, D. (1987). The detection and correction of specification errors in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 105-129. [CrossRef] Schumacker, R. E., & Beyerlein, S. T. (2000). Confirmatory factor analysis with different correlation types and estimation methods. Structural Equation Modeling, 7(4), 629-636. [CrossRef] Shevlin, M., & Miles, J. N. (1998). Effects of sample size, model specification and factor loadings on the GFI in confirmatory factor analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(1). [CrossRef] Suhr, D. D. (2006). Exploratory or confirmatory factor analysis? (pp. 1-17). In.Cary: SAS Institute. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics. Pearson, Boston. Özkan, K., & Alkan, H. (2004). Q-Tipi Faktör Analizinin Gerçekleştirilmesi İçin Tersinir Matrisin Oluşturulmasında Minimum Etkili Değişkenlerin Eklenmesi Yaklaşımı (Isparta İli Şarkikaraağaç İlçesi Orman Köyleri Örneği). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1). Velicer, W. F., & Jackson, D. N. (1990). Component analysis versus common factor analysis: Some issues in selecting an appropriate procedure. Multivariate behavioral research, 25(1), 1-28. [CrossRef] Wheaton, B., Muthen, B., Alwin, D. F., & Summers, G. F. (1977). Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. Sociological Methodology, 8, 84-136. [CrossRef]