The Interaction between Supervisor Undermining and Supervisor Support: The Moderating Role of Prevention Focus
Year 2017,
Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 34 - 46, 01.05.2017
Engin Bağış Öztürk
,
Gökhan Karagonlar
Abstract
The present research examines the moderator effects of chronic prevention focus and supervisor support on the relationship between supervisor undermining and turnover intention. It was predicted that the aggravating influence of supervisor support in the relationship between supervisor undermining and turnover intention would depend on employee’s chronic prevention focus. The results of analyses on a sample of 163 health employees from two different institutions suggest that supervisor support may increase the harmful effect of supervisor undermining on turnover intention only among employees with a high chronic prevention focus. Our findings contribute to a greater understanding concerning when support and undermining from the same supervisor leads to negative outcomes.
References
- Allen, D. G., Bryant, P. C., & Vardaman, J. M. (2010). Retaining Talent: Replacing Misconceptions With Evidence-Based Strategies. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(2), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2010.51827775
Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for Tat? The Spiraling Effect of Incivility in the Workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 452–471. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1999.2202131
Beehr, T. A., Farmer, S. J., Glazer, S., Gudanowski, D. M., & Nair, V. N. (2003). The enigma of social support and occupational stress: Source congruence and gender role effects. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8(3), 220–231. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.8.3.220
Bowling, N. A., & Beehr, T. A. (2006). Workplace harassment from the victim’s perspective: A theoretical model and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 998–1012. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.998
Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
Brockner, J., & Higgins, E. T. (2001). Regulatory Focus Theory: Implications for the Study of Emotions at Work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86(1), 35–66. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2972
Chappell, D., & Di Martino, V. (1998). Violence at work (Third Edit). Geneva: International Labour Organization.
Cobb, S. (1976). Social Support as a Moderator of Life Stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(5), 300–314. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-197609000-00003
Cohen, A. (1999). The Relation between Commitment Forms and Work Outcomes in Jewish and Arab Culture. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(3), 371–391. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1669
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. (2003). Applied Multiple Regression/correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
Crowe, E., & Higgins, E. T. (1997). Regulatory Focus and Strategic Inclinations: Promotion and Prevention in Decision-Making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69(2), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1996.2675
Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2002). Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611–628. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.4.611
Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D. C., & Pagon, M. (2002). Social Undermining in the Workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 45(2), 331–351. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069350
Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D. C., Shaw, J. D., Johnson, J. L., & Pagon, M. (2006). The social context of undermining behavior at work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101(1), 105–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.04.005
Duffy, M. K., Scott, K. L., Shaw, J. D., Tepper, B. J., & Aquino, K. (2012). A Social Context Model of Envy and Social Undermining. Academy of Management Journal, 55(3), 643–666. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.0804
Eberly, M. B., Holley, E. C., Johnson, M. D., & Mitchell, T. R. (2011). Beyond Internal and External: A Dyadic Theory of Relational Attributions. Academy of Management Review, 36(4), 731–753. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2009.0371
Einarsen, S. (2000). Harassment and bullying at work: A review of the Scandinavian approach. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(4), 379–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(98)00043-3
Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 565–573.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.565
Ganster, D. C. (2008). Measurement challenges for studying work-related stressors and strains. Human Resource Management Review, 18(4), 259–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.07.011
Glazer, S., & Beehr, T. A. (2005). Consistency of implications of three role stressors across four countries. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(5), 467–487. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.326
Greenbaum, R. L., Mawritz, M. B., & Piccolo, R. F. (2012). When Leaders Fail to “Walk the Talk”: Supervisor Undermining and Perceptions of Leader Hypocrisy. Journal of Management, 41(3), 929–956. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312442386
Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S. (2000). A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents and Correlates of Employee Turnover: Update, Moderator Tests, and Research Implications for the Next Millennium. Journal of Management, 26(3), 463–488. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600305
Hall, R. J., Snell, A. F., & Foust, M. S. (1999). Item Parceling Strategies in SEM: Investigating the Subtle Effects of Unmodeled Secondary Constructs. Organizational Research Methods, 2(3), 233–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442819923002
Hershcovis, M. S. (2011). “Incivility, social undermining, bullying…oh my!”: A call to reconcile constructs within workplace aggression research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(3), 499–519. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.689
Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52(12), 1280–1300. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.12.1280
Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and Prevention: Regulatory Focus as a Motivational Principle. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 1–46.
Higgins, E. T., Friedman, R. S., Harlow, R. E., Idson, L. C., Ayduk, O. N., & Taylor, A. (2001). Achievement orientations from subjective histories of success: Promotion pride versus prevention pride. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.27
Higgins, E. T., Roney, C. J. R., Crowe, E., & Hymes, C. (1994). Ideal versus ought predilections for approach and avoidance distinct self-regulatory systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(2), 276–286. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.2.276
Higgins, E. T., Shah, J., & Friedman, R. (1997). Emotional responses to goal attainment: strength of regulatory focus as moderator. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(3), 515–525. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.3.515
Hobman, E. V., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Tang, R. L. (2009). Abusive supervision in advising relationships: Investigating the role of social support. Applied Psychology, 58(2), 233–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00330.x
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Idson, L. C., Liberman, N., & Higgins, E. T. (2000). Distinguishing Gains from Nonlosses and Losses from Nongains: A Regulatory Focus Perspective on Hedonic Intensity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36(3), 252–274. https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1999.1402
Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Wanberg, C. R. (2003). Unwrapping the organizational entry process: Disentangling multiple antecedents and their pathways to adjustment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 779–794. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.779
Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., Wanberg, C. R., Rubenstein, A., & Song, Z. (2013). Support, undermining and newcomer socialization:Fitting in during the first 90 days. Academy of Management Journal, 56(4), 1104–1124. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0791
Karagonlar, G., & Öztürk, E. B. (2015). İlk Yöneticinin Çalışanı Baltalamasının Öz Yeterlilik Ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İle İlişkisinde Yönetici Yetkinliğininzararlı Etkisi. İ.Ü. İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi, 79, 156–179.
Karakitapoglu-Aygun, Z., & Gumusluoglu, L. (2013). The bright and dark sides of leadership: Transformational vs. non-transformational leadership in a non-Western context. Leadership, 9(1), 107–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715012455131
Kaufmann, G. M., & Beehr, T. A. (1986). Interactions between job stressors and social support: Some counterintuitive results. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 522–526. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.522
Knobloch, L. K., Miller, L. E., & Carpenter, K. E. (2007). Using the relational turbulence model to understand negative emotion within courtship. Personal Relationships, 14(1), 91–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00143.x
Lanaj, K., Chang, C.-H. “Daisy,” & Johnson, R. E. (2012). Regulatory focus and work-related outcomes: A review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(5), 998–1034. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027723
Leikas, S., Lönnqvist, J.-E., Verkasalo, M., & Lindeman, M. (2009). Regulatory focus systems and personal values. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39(3), 415–429. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.547
Levinson, H. (1965). Reciprocation: The Relationship Between Man and Organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 9(4), 370. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391032 Leymann, H. (1996). The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594329608414853
Liberman, N., Idson, L. C., Camacho, C. J., & Higgins, E. T. (1999). Promotion and prevention choices between stability and change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1135–1145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1135
Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To Parcel or Not to Parcel: Exploring the Question, Weighing the Merits. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 151–173. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
Major, B., Zubek, J. M., Cooper, M. L., Cozzarelli, C., & Richards, C. (1997). Mixed messages: Implications of social conflict and social support within close relationships for adjustment to a stressful life event. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(6), 1349–1363. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1349
Mayo, M., Sanchez, J. I., Pastor, J. C., & Rodriguez, A. (2012). Supervisor and coworker support: a source congruence approach to buffering role conflict and physical stressors. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(18), 3872–3889. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.676930
Myer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: a conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 991–1007. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.991
Nahum-Shani, I., Henderson, M. M., Lim, S., & Vinokur, A. D. (2014). Supervisor support: does supervisor support buffer or exacerbate the adverse effects of supervisor undermining? Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(3), 484–503. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035313
Naseer, S., Raja, U., Syed, F., Donia, M. B. L., & Darr, W. (2016). Perils of being close to a bad leader in a bad environment: Exploring the combined effects of despotic leadership, leader member exchange, and perceived organizational politics on behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 14–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.09.005
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2013). Age and innovation-related behavior: The joint moderating effects of supervisor undermining and proactive personality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(5), 583–606. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1802
Podsakoff, N. P., LePine, J. A., & LePine, M. A. (2007). Differential challenge stressor-hindrance stressor relationships with job attitudes, turnover intentions, turnover, and withdrawal behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(2), 438–454. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.2.438
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Rook, K. S. (1984). The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(5), 1097–1108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.46.5.1097
Sassenberg, K., Ellemers, N., & Scheepers, D. (2012). The attraction of social power: The influence of construing power as opportunity versus responsibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(2), 550–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.11.008
Schilling, J. (2009). From Ineffectiveness to Destruction: A Qualitative Study on the Meaning of Negative Leadership. Leadership, 5(1), 102–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715008098312
Scott, K. L., Ingram, A., Zagenczyk, T. J., & Shoss, M. K. (2015). Work-family conflict and social undermining behaviour: An examination of PO fit and gender differences. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(1), 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12091
Semin, G. R., Higgins, T., de Montes, L. G., Estourget, Y., & Valencia, J. F. (2005). Linguistic signatures of regulatory focus: how abstraction fits promotion more than prevention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.1.36
Shanock, L. R., & Eisenberger, R. (2006). When supervisors feel supported: Relationships with subordinates’ perceived supervisor support, perceived organizational support, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 689–695. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.3.689
Shaw, J. D., Delery, J. E., Jenkins, G. D., & Gupta, N. (1998). An Organization-Level Analysis of Voluntary and Involuntary Turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 41(5), 511–525. https://doi.org/10.2307/256939
Shaw, J. D., Duffy, M. K., Johnson, J. L., & Lockhart, D. E. (2005). Turnover, Social Capital Losses, and Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48(4), 594–606. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2005.17843940
Siemsen, E., Roth, A., & Oliveira, P. (2010). Common Method Bias in Regression Models With Linear, Quadratic, and Interaction Effects. Organizational Research Methods, 13(3), 456–476. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428109351241
Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of Abusive Supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 178–190. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556375Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention, and Turnover: Path Analyses Based on Meta-Analytic Findings. Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00874.x
van den Bos, K., & Lind, E. A. (2002). Uncertainty management by means of fairness judgments. In Advances in Experimental Psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 1–60). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(02)80003-X
Vinokur, A. D., Price, R. H., & Caplan, R. D. (1996). Hard times and hurtful partners: How financial strain affects depression and relationship satisfaction of unemployed persons and their spouses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(1), 166–179. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.166
Vinokur, A. D., & Van Ryn, M. (1993). Social support and undermining in close relationships: Their independent effects on the mental health of unemployed persons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.350
Viswesvaran, C., Sanchez, J. I., & Fisher, J. (1999). The role of social support in the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(2), 314–334. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1661
Vogel, R. M., & Mitchell, M. S. (2015). The Motivational Effects of Diminished Self-Esteem for Employees Who Experience Abusive Supervision. Journal of Management, XX(X), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314566462
Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived Organizational Support And Leader-Member Exchange: A Social Exchange Perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 82–111. https://doi.org/10.2307/257021
Xu, A. J., Loi, R., & Lam, L. W. (2015). The bad boss takes it all: How abusive supervision and leader-member exchange interact to influence employee silence. Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 763–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.03.002
Yıldırım, D., & Yıldırım, A. (2010). Mobbing Behaviors Encountered by Health Science Faculties Staff and Their Responses to Them. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 30(2), 559–570. https://doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2008-9832
Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2013). Positive leadership: Meaning and application across cultures. Organizational Dynamics, 42(3), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2013.06.005
İlk Yönetici Baltalaması ile Desteği Arasındaki Etkileşim: Önleme Odağının Biçimlendirici Rolü
Year 2017,
Volume: 46 Issue: 1, 34 - 46, 01.05.2017
Engin Bağış Öztürk
,
Gökhan Karagonlar
Abstract
Bu çalışma ilk yönetici baltalaması ile işten ayrılma niyeti ilişkisinde kronik önleme odağı ile ilk yönetici desteğinin biçimlendirici rollerini incelemektedir. Bu çalışmada ilk yönetici baltalaması ile işten ayrılma niyeti ilişkisinde ilk yönetici desteğinin kötüleştirici etkisinin çalışanların kronik önleme odağına bağlı olduğu iddia edilmektedir. İki farklı kurumdan toplanan 163 kişilik sağlık çalışanı örnekleminde yapılan analizlere göre sadece yüksek kronik önleme odağına sahip çalışanlarda, ilk yönetici desteğinin ilk yönetici baltalaması ile işten ayrılma niyeti ilişkisi üzerindeki zararlı etkisi artmaktadır. Bu çalışmadaki bulgular aynı yöneticiden hem destek görmenin hem de baltalamaya maruz kalmanın hangi durumda olumsuz sonuçları olabileceğinin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır.
References
- Allen, D. G., Bryant, P. C., & Vardaman, J. M. (2010). Retaining Talent: Replacing Misconceptions With Evidence-Based Strategies. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(2), 48–64. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2010.51827775
Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for Tat? The Spiraling Effect of Incivility in the Workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 452–471. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1999.2202131
Beehr, T. A., Farmer, S. J., Glazer, S., Gudanowski, D. M., & Nair, V. N. (2003). The enigma of social support and occupational stress: Source congruence and gender role effects. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8(3), 220–231. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.8.3.220
Bowling, N. A., & Beehr, T. A. (2006). Workplace harassment from the victim’s perspective: A theoretical model and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 998–1012. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.998
Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-Translation for Cross-Cultural Research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
Brockner, J., & Higgins, E. T. (2001). Regulatory Focus Theory: Implications for the Study of Emotions at Work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86(1), 35–66. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2972
Chappell, D., & Di Martino, V. (1998). Violence at work (Third Edit). Geneva: International Labour Organization.
Cobb, S. (1976). Social Support as a Moderator of Life Stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 38(5), 300–314. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-197609000-00003
Cohen, A. (1999). The Relation between Commitment Forms and Work Outcomes in Jewish and Arab Culture. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(3), 371–391. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1669
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. (2003). Applied Multiple Regression/correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
Crowe, E., & Higgins, E. T. (1997). Regulatory Focus and Strategic Inclinations: Promotion and Prevention in Decision-Making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 69(2), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1996.2675
Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. (2002). Trust in leadership: Meta-analytic findings and implications for research and practice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 611–628. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.87.4.611
Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D. C., & Pagon, M. (2002). Social Undermining in the Workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 45(2), 331–351. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069350
Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D. C., Shaw, J. D., Johnson, J. L., & Pagon, M. (2006). The social context of undermining behavior at work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101(1), 105–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.04.005
Duffy, M. K., Scott, K. L., Shaw, J. D., Tepper, B. J., & Aquino, K. (2012). A Social Context Model of Envy and Social Undermining. Academy of Management Journal, 55(3), 643–666. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.0804
Eberly, M. B., Holley, E. C., Johnson, M. D., & Mitchell, T. R. (2011). Beyond Internal and External: A Dyadic Theory of Relational Attributions. Academy of Management Review, 36(4), 731–753. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2009.0371
Einarsen, S. (2000). Harassment and bullying at work: A review of the Scandinavian approach. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(4), 379–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-1789(98)00043-3
Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I. L., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 565–573.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.565
Ganster, D. C. (2008). Measurement challenges for studying work-related stressors and strains. Human Resource Management Review, 18(4), 259–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.07.011
Glazer, S., & Beehr, T. A. (2005). Consistency of implications of three role stressors across four countries. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(5), 467–487. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.326
Greenbaum, R. L., Mawritz, M. B., & Piccolo, R. F. (2012). When Leaders Fail to “Walk the Talk”: Supervisor Undermining and Perceptions of Leader Hypocrisy. Journal of Management, 41(3), 929–956. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312442386
Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S. (2000). A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents and Correlates of Employee Turnover: Update, Moderator Tests, and Research Implications for the Next Millennium. Journal of Management, 26(3), 463–488. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600305
Hall, R. J., Snell, A. F., & Foust, M. S. (1999). Item Parceling Strategies in SEM: Investigating the Subtle Effects of Unmodeled Secondary Constructs. Organizational Research Methods, 2(3), 233–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442819923002
Hershcovis, M. S. (2011). “Incivility, social undermining, bullying…oh my!”: A call to reconcile constructs within workplace aggression research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(3), 499–519. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.689
Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52(12), 1280–1300. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.12.1280
Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and Prevention: Regulatory Focus as a Motivational Principle. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 1–46.
Higgins, E. T., Friedman, R. S., Harlow, R. E., Idson, L. C., Ayduk, O. N., & Taylor, A. (2001). Achievement orientations from subjective histories of success: Promotion pride versus prevention pride. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.27
Higgins, E. T., Roney, C. J. R., Crowe, E., & Hymes, C. (1994). Ideal versus ought predilections for approach and avoidance distinct self-regulatory systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(2), 276–286. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.2.276
Higgins, E. T., Shah, J., & Friedman, R. (1997). Emotional responses to goal attainment: strength of regulatory focus as moderator. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(3), 515–525. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.3.515
Hobman, E. V., Restubog, S. L. D., Bordia, P., & Tang, R. L. (2009). Abusive supervision in advising relationships: Investigating the role of social support. Applied Psychology, 58(2), 233–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00330.x
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Idson, L. C., Liberman, N., & Higgins, E. T. (2000). Distinguishing Gains from Nonlosses and Losses from Nongains: A Regulatory Focus Perspective on Hedonic Intensity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36(3), 252–274. https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1999.1402
Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Wanberg, C. R. (2003). Unwrapping the organizational entry process: Disentangling multiple antecedents and their pathways to adjustment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 779–794. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.779
Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., Wanberg, C. R., Rubenstein, A., & Song, Z. (2013). Support, undermining and newcomer socialization:Fitting in during the first 90 days. Academy of Management Journal, 56(4), 1104–1124. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0791
Karagonlar, G., & Öztürk, E. B. (2015). İlk Yöneticinin Çalışanı Baltalamasının Öz Yeterlilik Ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İle İlişkisinde Yönetici Yetkinliğininzararlı Etkisi. İ.Ü. İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi, 79, 156–179.
Karakitapoglu-Aygun, Z., & Gumusluoglu, L. (2013). The bright and dark sides of leadership: Transformational vs. non-transformational leadership in a non-Western context. Leadership, 9(1), 107–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715012455131
Kaufmann, G. M., & Beehr, T. A. (1986). Interactions between job stressors and social support: Some counterintuitive results. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 522–526. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.522
Knobloch, L. K., Miller, L. E., & Carpenter, K. E. (2007). Using the relational turbulence model to understand negative emotion within courtship. Personal Relationships, 14(1), 91–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00143.x
Lanaj, K., Chang, C.-H. “Daisy,” & Johnson, R. E. (2012). Regulatory focus and work-related outcomes: A review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(5), 998–1034. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027723
Leikas, S., Lönnqvist, J.-E., Verkasalo, M., & Lindeman, M. (2009). Regulatory focus systems and personal values. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39(3), 415–429. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.547
Levinson, H. (1965). Reciprocation: The Relationship Between Man and Organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 9(4), 370. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391032 Leymann, H. (1996). The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594329608414853
Liberman, N., Idson, L. C., Camacho, C. J., & Higgins, E. T. (1999). Promotion and prevention choices between stability and change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1135–1145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1135
Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To Parcel or Not to Parcel: Exploring the Question, Weighing the Merits. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 151–173. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
Major, B., Zubek, J. M., Cooper, M. L., Cozzarelli, C., & Richards, C. (1997). Mixed messages: Implications of social conflict and social support within close relationships for adjustment to a stressful life event. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(6), 1349–1363. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1349
Mayo, M., Sanchez, J. I., Pastor, J. C., & Rodriguez, A. (2012). Supervisor and coworker support: a source congruence approach to buffering role conflict and physical stressors. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(18), 3872–3889. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2012.676930
Myer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: a conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 991–1007. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.991
Nahum-Shani, I., Henderson, M. M., Lim, S., & Vinokur, A. D. (2014). Supervisor support: does supervisor support buffer or exacerbate the adverse effects of supervisor undermining? Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(3), 484–503. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035313
Naseer, S., Raja, U., Syed, F., Donia, M. B. L., & Darr, W. (2016). Perils of being close to a bad leader in a bad environment: Exploring the combined effects of despotic leadership, leader member exchange, and perceived organizational politics on behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 14–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.09.005
Ng, T. W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2013). Age and innovation-related behavior: The joint moderating effects of supervisor undermining and proactive personality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(5), 583–606. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1802
Podsakoff, N. P., LePine, J. A., & LePine, M. A. (2007). Differential challenge stressor-hindrance stressor relationships with job attitudes, turnover intentions, turnover, and withdrawal behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(2), 438–454. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.2.438
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Rook, K. S. (1984). The negative side of social interaction: Impact on psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(5), 1097–1108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.46.5.1097
Sassenberg, K., Ellemers, N., & Scheepers, D. (2012). The attraction of social power: The influence of construing power as opportunity versus responsibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(2), 550–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.11.008
Schilling, J. (2009). From Ineffectiveness to Destruction: A Qualitative Study on the Meaning of Negative Leadership. Leadership, 5(1), 102–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715008098312
Scott, K. L., Ingram, A., Zagenczyk, T. J., & Shoss, M. K. (2015). Work-family conflict and social undermining behaviour: An examination of PO fit and gender differences. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(1), 203–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12091
Semin, G. R., Higgins, T., de Montes, L. G., Estourget, Y., & Valencia, J. F. (2005). Linguistic signatures of regulatory focus: how abstraction fits promotion more than prevention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.1.36
Shanock, L. R., & Eisenberger, R. (2006). When supervisors feel supported: Relationships with subordinates’ perceived supervisor support, perceived organizational support, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 689–695. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.3.689
Shaw, J. D., Delery, J. E., Jenkins, G. D., & Gupta, N. (1998). An Organization-Level Analysis of Voluntary and Involuntary Turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 41(5), 511–525. https://doi.org/10.2307/256939
Shaw, J. D., Duffy, M. K., Johnson, J. L., & Lockhart, D. E. (2005). Turnover, Social Capital Losses, and Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 48(4), 594–606. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2005.17843940
Siemsen, E., Roth, A., & Oliveira, P. (2010). Common Method Bias in Regression Models With Linear, Quadratic, and Interaction Effects. Organizational Research Methods, 13(3), 456–476. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428109351241
Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of Abusive Supervision. Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 178–190. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556375Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention, and Turnover: Path Analyses Based on Meta-Analytic Findings. Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259–293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00874.x
van den Bos, K., & Lind, E. A. (2002). Uncertainty management by means of fairness judgments. In Advances in Experimental Psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 1–60). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(02)80003-X
Vinokur, A. D., Price, R. H., & Caplan, R. D. (1996). Hard times and hurtful partners: How financial strain affects depression and relationship satisfaction of unemployed persons and their spouses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(1), 166–179. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.1.166
Vinokur, A. D., & Van Ryn, M. (1993). Social support and undermining in close relationships: Their independent effects on the mental health of unemployed persons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.350
Viswesvaran, C., Sanchez, J. I., & Fisher, J. (1999). The role of social support in the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(2), 314–334. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1661
Vogel, R. M., & Mitchell, M. S. (2015). The Motivational Effects of Diminished Self-Esteem for Employees Who Experience Abusive Supervision. Journal of Management, XX(X), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314566462
Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived Organizational Support And Leader-Member Exchange: A Social Exchange Perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 82–111. https://doi.org/10.2307/257021
Xu, A. J., Loi, R., & Lam, L. W. (2015). The bad boss takes it all: How abusive supervision and leader-member exchange interact to influence employee silence. Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 763–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.03.002
Yıldırım, D., & Yıldırım, A. (2010). Mobbing Behaviors Encountered by Health Science Faculties Staff and Their Responses to Them. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 30(2), 559–570. https://doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2008-9832
Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2013). Positive leadership: Meaning and application across cultures. Organizational Dynamics, 42(3), 198–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2013.06.005