Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2022, , 156 - 163, 30.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2022.1001613

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Amensour, M., Sendra, E., Abrini, J., Pérez-Alvarez, J. A., & Fernández-López, J. (2010). Antioxidant activity and total phe- nolic compounds of myrtle extracts Actividad antioxidante y contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales en extractos de myrtus. CyTA - Journal of Food, 8(2), 95–101. https://doi. org/10.1080/19476330903161335
  • Arca, M., & Pigna, G. (2011). Treating statin-intolerant patients. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy, 4, 2 2 155–166. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S11244
  • Azam, S., Hadi, N., Khan, N. , & Hadi, S. (2004). Prooxidant prop- erty of green tea polyphenols epicatechin and epigallocatechin- 3-gallate: implications for anticancer properties. Toxicology in Vi- tro, 18(5), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2003.12.012
  • Banach, M., Patti, A. M., Giglio, R. V., Cicero, A. F. G., Atanasov, A. G., Bajraktari, G., … Rizzo, M. (2018). The role of nutraceuticals in statin intolerant patients. Journal of the American College of Car- diology, 72(1), 96–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.040
  • Benchikh, F., Amira, S., & Benabdallah, H. (2018). The evaluation of antioxidant capacity of different fractions of Myrtus communis L. Leaves. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 22(5), 1–14. https:// doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2018/39217
  • Blaha, M. J., Nasir, K., & Blumenthal, R. S. (2012). Statin therapy for healthy men identified as “increased risk”. JAMA, 307(14), 1489– 1490. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.425
  • Chang, C.-C., Yang, M.-H., Wen, H.-M., & Chern, J.-C. (2002). Estima- tion of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3), 178–182.
  • Cicero, A. F. G., Colletti, A., Bajraktari, G., Descamps, O., Djuric, D. M., Ezhov, M., … Banach, M. (2017). Lipid lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International Lipid Ex- pert Panel. Archives of Medical Science, 5, 965–1005. https://doi. org/10.5114/aoms.2017.69326
  • Cicero, A. F. G., Parini, A., & Rosticci, M. (2015). Nutraceuticals and cholesterol-lowering action. IJC Metabolic & Endocrine, 6, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcme.2014.10.009
  • Da Pozzo, E., De Leo, M., Faraone, I., Milella, L., Cavallini, C., Piragine, E., … Martini, C. (2018). Antioxidant and antisenescence effects of bergamot juice. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9395804
  • De la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea, M., Fernández-Arroyo, S., & Segura-Carret- ero, A. (2014). Pine bark and green Tea concentrated extracts: an- tioxidant activity and comprehensive characterization of bioac- tive compounds by HPLC–ESI-QTOF-MS. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15(11), 20382–20402. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijms151120382
  • Elbling, L., Weiss, R.-M., Teufelhofer, O., Uhl, M., Knasmueller, S., Schulte-Hermann, R., … Micksche, M. (2005). Green tea extract and (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the major tea catechin, exert oxidant but lack antioxidant activities. The FASEB Journal, 19(7), 807–809. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.04-2915fje
  • Graham, H. N. (1992). Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemistry. Preventive Medicine, 21(3), 334–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(92)90041-F
  • Ho, E., Karimi Galougahi, K., Liu, C.-C., Bhindi, R., & Figtree, G. A. (2013). Biological markers of oxidative stress: Applications to car- diovascular research and practice. Redox Biology, 1(1), 483–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2013.07.006
  • Jamwal, S., & Sharma, S. (2018). Vascular endothelium dysfunction: a conservative target in metabolic disorders. Inflammation Re- search, 67(5), 391–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-018-1129-8
  • Jayaprakasha, G. K., Singh, R. P., & Sakariah, K. K. (2001). Antioxi- dant activity of grape seed (Vitis vinifera) extracts on peroxida- tion models in vitro. Food Chemistry, 73(3), 285–290. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00298-3
  • Joubert, E., Winterton, P., Britz, T. J., & Gelderblom, W. C. A. (2005). Antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of aqueous extracts and crude polyphenolic fractions of rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis ). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(26), 10260–10267. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051355a
  • Kang, J. S., Lee, W. K., Yoon, W. K., Kim, N., Park, S.-K., Park, H. K., … Kim, H. M. (2011). A Combination of grape extract, green tea extract and <scp>l</scp> -Carnitine improves high-fat diet-in- duced obesity, hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver dis- ease in mice. Phytotherapy Research, 25(12), 1789–1795. https:// doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3476
  • Kovacic, P., & Jacintho, J. (2001). Mechanisms of carci- nogenesis focus on oxidative stress and electron trans- fer. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 8(7), 773–796. https://doi. org/10.2174/0929867013373084
  • Lamiquiz-Moneo, I., Giné-González, J., Alisente, S., Bea, A. M., Pérez-Calahorra, S., Marco-Benedí, V., … Mateo-Gallego, R. (2020). Effect of bergamot on lipid profile in humans: A systematic re- view. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60(18), 3133– 3143. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1677554
  • Mach, F., Baigent, C., Catapano, A. L., Koskinas, K. C., Casula, M., Badimon, L., … ESC Scientific Document Group. (2019). 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. European Heart Jour- nal. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455
  • Mannucci, C., Navarra, M., Calapai, F., Squeri, R., Gangemi, S., & Calapai, G. (2017). Clinical pharmacology of Citrus bergamia : A systematic review. Phytotherapy Research, 31(1), 27–39. https:// doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5734
  • Mathew, S., & Abraham, T. E. (2006). In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract as- sayed by different methodologies. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44(2), 198–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2005.06.013
  • McDonald, S., Prenzler, P. D., Antolovich, M., & Robards, K. (2001). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts. Food Chemistry, 73(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308- 8146(00)00288-0
  • Nasri, H., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2014). Medicinal plants And an- tioxidants: why they are not always beneficial? Iranian Journal of Public Health, 43(2), 255–257. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26060753
  • Ochani, P. C., & D’Mello, P. (2009). Antioxidant and antihyperlip- idemic activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. leaves and calyces ex- tracts in rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 47(4), 276–282. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19382724
  • Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N., & Yagi, K. (1979). Assay for lipid perox- ides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95(2), 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003- 2697(79)90738-3
  • Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction. An- tioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 44(6), 307–315. https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
  • Patti, A. M., Toth, P. P., Giglio, R. V., Banach, M., Noto, M., Nikolic, D., … Rizzo, M. (2017). Nutraceuticals as an important part of com- bination therapy in dyslipidaemia. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 23(17), 2496–2503. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170317145851
  • Pernice, R., Borriello, G., Ferracane, R., Borrelli, R. C., Cennamo, F., & Ritieni, A. (2009). Bergamot: A source of natural antioxidants for functionalized fruit juices. Food Chemistry, 112(3), 545–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.004
  • Picerno, P., Sansone, F., Mencherini, T., Prota, L., Aquino, R. P., Rastrelli, L., & Lauro, M. R. (2011). Citrus bergamia juice: phytochemical and technological studies. Natural Prod- uct Communications, 6(7), 1934578X1100600. https://doi. org/10.1177/1934578X1100600707
  • Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9–10), 1231–1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
  • Redberg, R. F., & Katz, M. H. (2012). Healthy men should not take statins. JAMA, 307(14), 1491–1492. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jama.2012.423
  • Ercisli,S., Uzun A.,, Ugurtan Yilmaz. K., , Sengul M.,, Yildiz, H.,, & Uysal O.. (2015). Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) fruits. Acta Horticulturae, (1065), 1471–1474. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1065.186
  • Shayganni, E., Bahmani, M., Asgary, S., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2016). Inflammaging and cardiovascular disease: Management by medicinal plants. Phytomedicine, 23(11), 1119–1126. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.004
  • Shih, C.-C., Lin, C.-H., Lin, Y.-J., & Wu, J.-B. (2013). Validation of the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of hawthorn by assess- ment of gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis related genes and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1–12. https://doi. org/10.1155/2013/597067
  • Simamora, A., Steven, M., Santoso, A. W., Rumiati, F., & Timotius, K. H. (2018). Antioxidant activity of methanol extract from several indonesian green teas. YARSI Medical Journal, 26(1), 018. https:// doi.org/10.33476/jky.v26i1.460
  • Simić, A., Manojlović, D., Šegan, D., & Todorović, M. (2007). Elec- trochemical behavior and antioxidant and prooxidant activity of natural phenolics. Molecules, 12(10), 2327–2340. https://doi. org/10.3390/12102327
  • Trovato, A., Taviano, M. F., Pergolizzi, S., Campolo, L., De Pasquale, R., & Miceli, N. (2009). Citrus bergamia risso & poiteau juice protects against renal injury of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Phytotherapy Research, n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2971
  • Tungmunnithum, D., Thongboonyou, A., Pholboon, A., & Yangsabai, (2018). Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds from medici- nal plants for pharmaceutical and medical aspects: an overview. Medicines, 5(3), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5030093
  • Yıldız Turgut, D., Seçmen,Tuba; Tanır, A. (2018). A comparative study of the antioxidant properties of different citrus juices. In In- ternational Agricultural, Biological & Life Science Conference, Edirne, Turkey (pp. 179–185).
  • Vincenzo, Sicari. Pellicanò, T. M. (2016). Phytochemical properties and antioxidant potential from Citrus bergamia, Risso (bergamot) juice extracted from three differen cultivars. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 89, 171–175.
  • Wang, H., & Helliwell, K. (2001). Determination of flavonols in green and black tea leaves and green tea infusions by high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Research International, 34(2–3), 223– 227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00156-3
  • Wang, K.-J., Zhang, Y.-J., & Yang, C.-R. (2006). New phenolic con- stituents from Balanophora polyandra with radical-scavenging activity. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 3(12), 1317–1324. https://doi. org/10.1002/cbdv.200690135
  • Zhao, C.-N., Tang, G.-Y., Cao, S.-Y., Xu, X.-Y., Gan, R.-Y., Liu, Q., … Li, H.-B. (2019). Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of 30 Tea infusions from green, black, oolong, white, yellow and dark teas. Antioxidants, 8(7), 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070215

Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of selected herbs and Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) used for the management of hyperlipidemia

Yıl 2022, , 156 - 163, 30.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2022.1001613

Öz

Background and Aims: In recent years, there has been an increased interest in the search for herbs to aid the management of hyperlipidemia. There is currently very little data on the simultaneous evaluation of the antioxidant and prooxidant properties of antihyperlipidemic herbs. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and prooxidant properties of four antihyper- lipidemic herbal drugs and also of bergamot.
Methods: Antioxidant property was determined by ferric ions (Fe3+) reducing capacity (IRC), DPPH radical scavenging ac- tivity (DPPH IC50) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC); deoxyribose degradation test was used for prooxidant property.
Results: The highest total phenolic content (TPC) was in the myrtle leaf (ML)(135.35±3.46 mg GAE/g, p<0.05) whereas the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) was in green tea (GT) (48.76±0.69 mg QE/g, p<0.05) both of which were main- tained from a pharmacy. Among the bergamot samples, the highest TPC and TFC values were in filtered fruit juice (BFFJ) as 197.35±6.29 mg GAE/100 mL; and 94.14±1.39 mg QE/100 mL; p<0.05, respectively. GT showed the highest antioxidant capac- ity in IRC and TEAC assays (2.29±0.12 mM TE/g; and 2.32±0.07 mmol TE/mg, p<0.05). The lowest DPPH IC50 was identified in ML from a pharmacy (6.95±0.08 µg/mL; p<0.01). BFFJ had the highest IRC (2.94±0.031 mM TE/10µL), TEAC (5.14±0.084 mmol TE/10 µL) and the lowest DPPH IC50 value (10.561±0.17 µL). GT from a pharmacy and 1mg/mL concentration BFLFJ (fil- tered and lyophilized) were associated with the lowest hydroxyl radical scavenger activity (0.171±0.013 µM MDA equivalent, p<0.05 and 0.144±0.015 µM MDA equivalent, p<0.05).
Conclusion: BFLFJ and GT got the highest attention due to high TPC, TFC, antioxidant and low prooxidant properties. Our results highlight the necessity of clarifying the value of bergamot and GT in this field with further studies.

Kaynakça

  • Amensour, M., Sendra, E., Abrini, J., Pérez-Alvarez, J. A., & Fernández-López, J. (2010). Antioxidant activity and total phe- nolic compounds of myrtle extracts Actividad antioxidante y contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales en extractos de myrtus. CyTA - Journal of Food, 8(2), 95–101. https://doi. org/10.1080/19476330903161335
  • Arca, M., & Pigna, G. (2011). Treating statin-intolerant patients. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy, 4, 2 2 155–166. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S11244
  • Azam, S., Hadi, N., Khan, N. , & Hadi, S. (2004). Prooxidant prop- erty of green tea polyphenols epicatechin and epigallocatechin- 3-gallate: implications for anticancer properties. Toxicology in Vi- tro, 18(5), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2003.12.012
  • Banach, M., Patti, A. M., Giglio, R. V., Cicero, A. F. G., Atanasov, A. G., Bajraktari, G., … Rizzo, M. (2018). The role of nutraceuticals in statin intolerant patients. Journal of the American College of Car- diology, 72(1), 96–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.040
  • Benchikh, F., Amira, S., & Benabdallah, H. (2018). The evaluation of antioxidant capacity of different fractions of Myrtus communis L. Leaves. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 22(5), 1–14. https:// doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2018/39217
  • Blaha, M. J., Nasir, K., & Blumenthal, R. S. (2012). Statin therapy for healthy men identified as “increased risk”. JAMA, 307(14), 1489– 1490. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.425
  • Chang, C.-C., Yang, M.-H., Wen, H.-M., & Chern, J.-C. (2002). Estima- tion of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3), 178–182.
  • Cicero, A. F. G., Colletti, A., Bajraktari, G., Descamps, O., Djuric, D. M., Ezhov, M., … Banach, M. (2017). Lipid lowering nutraceuticals in clinical practice: position paper from an International Lipid Ex- pert Panel. Archives of Medical Science, 5, 965–1005. https://doi. org/10.5114/aoms.2017.69326
  • Cicero, A. F. G., Parini, A., & Rosticci, M. (2015). Nutraceuticals and cholesterol-lowering action. IJC Metabolic & Endocrine, 6, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcme.2014.10.009
  • Da Pozzo, E., De Leo, M., Faraone, I., Milella, L., Cavallini, C., Piragine, E., … Martini, C. (2018). Antioxidant and antisenescence effects of bergamot juice. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9395804
  • De la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea, M., Fernández-Arroyo, S., & Segura-Carret- ero, A. (2014). Pine bark and green Tea concentrated extracts: an- tioxidant activity and comprehensive characterization of bioac- tive compounds by HPLC–ESI-QTOF-MS. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15(11), 20382–20402. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijms151120382
  • Elbling, L., Weiss, R.-M., Teufelhofer, O., Uhl, M., Knasmueller, S., Schulte-Hermann, R., … Micksche, M. (2005). Green tea extract and (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the major tea catechin, exert oxidant but lack antioxidant activities. The FASEB Journal, 19(7), 807–809. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.04-2915fje
  • Graham, H. N. (1992). Green tea composition, consumption, and polyphenol chemistry. Preventive Medicine, 21(3), 334–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(92)90041-F
  • Ho, E., Karimi Galougahi, K., Liu, C.-C., Bhindi, R., & Figtree, G. A. (2013). Biological markers of oxidative stress: Applications to car- diovascular research and practice. Redox Biology, 1(1), 483–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2013.07.006
  • Jamwal, S., & Sharma, S. (2018). Vascular endothelium dysfunction: a conservative target in metabolic disorders. Inflammation Re- search, 67(5), 391–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-018-1129-8
  • Jayaprakasha, G. K., Singh, R. P., & Sakariah, K. K. (2001). Antioxi- dant activity of grape seed (Vitis vinifera) extracts on peroxida- tion models in vitro. Food Chemistry, 73(3), 285–290. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00298-3
  • Joubert, E., Winterton, P., Britz, T. J., & Gelderblom, W. C. A. (2005). Antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of aqueous extracts and crude polyphenolic fractions of rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis ). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(26), 10260–10267. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051355a
  • Kang, J. S., Lee, W. K., Yoon, W. K., Kim, N., Park, S.-K., Park, H. K., … Kim, H. M. (2011). A Combination of grape extract, green tea extract and <scp>l</scp> -Carnitine improves high-fat diet-in- duced obesity, hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver dis- ease in mice. Phytotherapy Research, 25(12), 1789–1795. https:// doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3476
  • Kovacic, P., & Jacintho, J. (2001). Mechanisms of carci- nogenesis focus on oxidative stress and electron trans- fer. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 8(7), 773–796. https://doi. org/10.2174/0929867013373084
  • Lamiquiz-Moneo, I., Giné-González, J., Alisente, S., Bea, A. M., Pérez-Calahorra, S., Marco-Benedí, V., … Mateo-Gallego, R. (2020). Effect of bergamot on lipid profile in humans: A systematic re- view. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60(18), 3133– 3143. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2019.1677554
  • Mach, F., Baigent, C., Catapano, A. L., Koskinas, K. C., Casula, M., Badimon, L., … ESC Scientific Document Group. (2019). 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. European Heart Jour- nal. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455
  • Mannucci, C., Navarra, M., Calapai, F., Squeri, R., Gangemi, S., & Calapai, G. (2017). Clinical pharmacology of Citrus bergamia : A systematic review. Phytotherapy Research, 31(1), 27–39. https:// doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5734
  • Mathew, S., & Abraham, T. E. (2006). In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract as- sayed by different methodologies. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44(2), 198–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2005.06.013
  • McDonald, S., Prenzler, P. D., Antolovich, M., & Robards, K. (2001). Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts. Food Chemistry, 73(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308- 8146(00)00288-0
  • Nasri, H., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2014). Medicinal plants And an- tioxidants: why they are not always beneficial? Iranian Journal of Public Health, 43(2), 255–257. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26060753
  • Ochani, P. C., & D’Mello, P. (2009). Antioxidant and antihyperlip- idemic activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. leaves and calyces ex- tracts in rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 47(4), 276–282. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19382724
  • Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N., & Yagi, K. (1979). Assay for lipid perox- ides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95(2), 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003- 2697(79)90738-3
  • Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on products of browning reaction. An- tioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 44(6), 307–315. https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
  • Patti, A. M., Toth, P. P., Giglio, R. V., Banach, M., Noto, M., Nikolic, D., … Rizzo, M. (2017). Nutraceuticals as an important part of com- bination therapy in dyslipidaemia. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 23(17), 2496–2503. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170317145851
  • Pernice, R., Borriello, G., Ferracane, R., Borrelli, R. C., Cennamo, F., & Ritieni, A. (2009). Bergamot: A source of natural antioxidants for functionalized fruit juices. Food Chemistry, 112(3), 545–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.004
  • Picerno, P., Sansone, F., Mencherini, T., Prota, L., Aquino, R. P., Rastrelli, L., & Lauro, M. R. (2011). Citrus bergamia juice: phytochemical and technological studies. Natural Prod- uct Communications, 6(7), 1934578X1100600. https://doi. org/10.1177/1934578X1100600707
  • Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., & Rice-Evans, C. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9–10), 1231–1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3
  • Redberg, R. F., & Katz, M. H. (2012). Healthy men should not take statins. JAMA, 307(14), 1491–1492. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jama.2012.423
  • Ercisli,S., Uzun A.,, Ugurtan Yilmaz. K., , Sengul M.,, Yildiz, H.,, & Uysal O.. (2015). Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) fruits. Acta Horticulturae, (1065), 1471–1474. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1065.186
  • Shayganni, E., Bahmani, M., Asgary, S., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2016). Inflammaging and cardiovascular disease: Management by medicinal plants. Phytomedicine, 23(11), 1119–1126. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.004
  • Shih, C.-C., Lin, C.-H., Lin, Y.-J., & Wu, J.-B. (2013). Validation of the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects of hawthorn by assess- ment of gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis related genes and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1–12. https://doi. org/10.1155/2013/597067
  • Simamora, A., Steven, M., Santoso, A. W., Rumiati, F., & Timotius, K. H. (2018). Antioxidant activity of methanol extract from several indonesian green teas. YARSI Medical Journal, 26(1), 018. https:// doi.org/10.33476/jky.v26i1.460
  • Simić, A., Manojlović, D., Šegan, D., & Todorović, M. (2007). Elec- trochemical behavior and antioxidant and prooxidant activity of natural phenolics. Molecules, 12(10), 2327–2340. https://doi. org/10.3390/12102327
  • Trovato, A., Taviano, M. F., Pergolizzi, S., Campolo, L., De Pasquale, R., & Miceli, N. (2009). Citrus bergamia risso & poiteau juice protects against renal injury of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Phytotherapy Research, n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2971
  • Tungmunnithum, D., Thongboonyou, A., Pholboon, A., & Yangsabai, (2018). Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds from medici- nal plants for pharmaceutical and medical aspects: an overview. Medicines, 5(3), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5030093
  • Yıldız Turgut, D., Seçmen,Tuba; Tanır, A. (2018). A comparative study of the antioxidant properties of different citrus juices. In In- ternational Agricultural, Biological & Life Science Conference, Edirne, Turkey (pp. 179–185).
  • Vincenzo, Sicari. Pellicanò, T. M. (2016). Phytochemical properties and antioxidant potential from Citrus bergamia, Risso (bergamot) juice extracted from three differen cultivars. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 89, 171–175.
  • Wang, H., & Helliwell, K. (2001). Determination of flavonols in green and black tea leaves and green tea infusions by high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Research International, 34(2–3), 223– 227. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00156-3
  • Wang, K.-J., Zhang, Y.-J., & Yang, C.-R. (2006). New phenolic con- stituents from Balanophora polyandra with radical-scavenging activity. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 3(12), 1317–1324. https://doi. org/10.1002/cbdv.200690135
  • Zhao, C.-N., Tang, G.-Y., Cao, S.-Y., Xu, X.-Y., Gan, R.-Y., Liu, Q., … Li, H.-B. (2019). Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of 30 Tea infusions from green, black, oolong, white, yellow and dark teas. Antioxidants, 8(7), 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070215
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eczacılık ve İlaç Bilimleri
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Zehra İlke Akyıldız 0000-0002-0967-8630

Fadime Aydın Köse 0000-0001-5222-7555

Nehir Unver Somer Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8939-1762

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Akyıldız, Z. İ., Aydın Köse, F., & Unver Somer, N. (2022). Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of selected herbs and Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) used for the management of hyperlipidemia. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 52(2), 156-163. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2022.1001613
AMA Akyıldız Zİ, Aydın Köse F, Unver Somer N. Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of selected herbs and Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) used for the management of hyperlipidemia. iujp. Ağustos 2022;52(2):156-163. doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2022.1001613
Chicago Akyıldız, Zehra İlke, Fadime Aydın Köse, ve Nehir Unver Somer. “Antioxidant and Prooxidant Properties of Selected Herbs and Citrus Bergamia Risso Et Poiteau (bergamot) Used for the Management of Hyperlipidemia”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 52, sy. 2 (Ağustos 2022): 156-63. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2022.1001613.
EndNote Akyıldız Zİ, Aydın Köse F, Unver Somer N (01 Ağustos 2022) Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of selected herbs and Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) used for the management of hyperlipidemia. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 52 2 156–163.
IEEE Z. İ. Akyıldız, F. Aydın Köse, ve N. Unver Somer, “Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of selected herbs and Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) used for the management of hyperlipidemia”, iujp, c. 52, sy. 2, ss. 156–163, 2022, doi: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2022.1001613.
ISNAD Akyıldız, Zehra İlke vd. “Antioxidant and Prooxidant Properties of Selected Herbs and Citrus Bergamia Risso Et Poiteau (bergamot) Used for the Management of Hyperlipidemia”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 52/2 (Ağustos 2022), 156-163. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2022.1001613.
JAMA Akyıldız Zİ, Aydın Köse F, Unver Somer N. Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of selected herbs and Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) used for the management of hyperlipidemia. iujp. 2022;52:156–163.
MLA Akyıldız, Zehra İlke vd. “Antioxidant and Prooxidant Properties of Selected Herbs and Citrus Bergamia Risso Et Poiteau (bergamot) Used for the Management of Hyperlipidemia”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, c. 52, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 156-63, doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2022.1001613.
Vancouver Akyıldız Zİ, Aydın Köse F, Unver Somer N. Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of selected herbs and Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) used for the management of hyperlipidemia. iujp. 2022;52(2):156-63.