Ex vivo anticoagulant effect of Zingiber officinale in whole blood samples

Abstract

Background and Aims: In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale, Ginger) may have an anticoagulant effect. Although there are studies on the anticoagulant effect, the results are inconclusive. Our study investigated the anticoagulant effect of Z. officinale on the whole blood sample ex vivo. Methods: The inner and shell parts of Z. officinale were extracted with methanol, ethanol, and water. 0.1 mg/mL of different volumes (100, 150 and 200 μL) of Z. officinale extracts were added to the blood of a healthy volunteer ex vivo. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were measured in the coagulation analyser. Measurements were performed twice, before and after the ginger treatment. International Normalised Ratio (INR) values were calculated using the following mathematical formula: INR = Patient PT/Control PT. The IBM SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analyses. Results: A notable prolongation in PT, aPTT, and INR was detected after the addition of Z. officinale extract to blood samples (p<0.001). As the volume of Z. officinale extract added to the blood sample increased, coagulation parameters were observed to display a corresponding increase (p<0.001). Conclusion: Z. officinale was associated with prolonged PT, aPTT, and INR ex vivo. In vivo studies are needed to demonstrate the mechanism of the anticoagulant effect.

Keywords

• Activated partial thromboplastin time
• Anticoagulant herbs
• Ginger
• Prothrombin time
• Zingiber officinale

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