A Pioneering Strategy for Revolutionising Quantum Technology: The Cellular Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots Exclusively Derived from Sertraline Hydrochloride

Gamze Çamlık; Besa Bilakaya; Gökçe Karaotmarlı Güven; Tugce Boran; Ceyda Bıyıkoğlu; Siddhanshu Wasnik; İsmail Tuncer Değim

doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1676831

A Pioneering Strategy for Revolutionising Quantum Technology: The Cellular Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots Exclusively Derived from Sertraline Hydrochloride

Abstract

Background and Aims: Depression is a common and chronic mental health condition affecting approximately 15% of the global population, significantly impacting daily life. Although its exact causes are unclear, environmental, psychological, and biological factors contribute to its development. Sertraline hydrochloride (SHCl) is a synthetic compound used as an antidepressant. It works by selectively increasing serotonin levels in the brain. However, its poor water solubility limits its absorption. This study presents the initial scientific evidence for the use of sertraline hydrochloride carbon quantum dots (SCQDs) in skin-based drug delivery systems for SHCl, aiming to improve its bioavailability. Methods: SCQDs were synthesised via microwave using SHCl. Their physical (appearance, size, PDI, zeta potential) and optical (fluorescence, quantum yield) properties were detailed. In vitro release and cytotoxicity tests assessed the biocompatibility and formulation stability. Results: The SCQD particle size was 9.170 ± 0.045 nm, polydispersity index 16.900 ± 0.078%, and zeta potential 11.700 ± 0.502 mV. SCQDs showed bright fluorescence under 365 nm UV light with a 57.75% quantum yield. Drug release from SCQDs was 34 ± 0.225% vs. 2 ± 0.043% for the SHCl solution. SCQDs exhibited lower toxicity in the MTT assay. Conclusion: SCQDs were successfully synthesised by microwave, directly using the active substance as a carbon source with adjustable surface charges. These SCQDs exhibited high thermodynamic activity and rapid in vitro membrane permeation. Notably, SCQDs were less toxic than SHCl. This study provides key insights for synthesising carbon quantum dots directly from an active substance and for potential drug delivery systems.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmaceutical Delivery Technologies

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Gamze Çamlık ^*
0000-0003-3282-8307
Türkiye

Besa Bilakaya
0000-0001-9510-4467
Türkiye

Gökçe Karaotmarlı Güven
0000-0001-9248-2526
Türkiye

Tugce Boran
0000-0003-4302-1947
Türkiye

Ceyda Bıyıkoğlu
0009-0008-5112-1597
Türkiye

Siddhanshu Wasnik
0000-0003-2177-2125
India

İsmail Tuncer Değim
0000-0002-9329-4698
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 14, 2026

Submission Date

April 15, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 15, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 55 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1676831

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA95ZW43XN

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Çamlık, G., Bilakaya, B., Karaotmarlı Güven, G., Boran, T., Bıyıkoğlu, C., Wasnik, S., & Değim, İ. T. (2026). A Pioneering Strategy for Revolutionising Quantum Technology: The Cellular Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots Exclusively Derived from Sertraline Hydrochloride. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 55(3), 332-342. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1676831

AMA

1.Çamlık G, Bilakaya B, Karaotmarlı Güven G, et al. A Pioneering Strategy for Revolutionising Quantum Technology: The Cellular Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots Exclusively Derived from Sertraline Hydrochloride. iujp. 2026;55(3):332-342. doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1676831

Chicago

Çamlık, Gamze, Besa Bilakaya, Gökçe Karaotmarlı Güven, et al. 2026. “A Pioneering Strategy for Revolutionising Quantum Technology: The Cellular Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots Exclusively Derived from Sertraline Hydrochloride”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 55 (3): 332-42. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1676831.

EndNote

Çamlık G, Bilakaya B, Karaotmarlı Güven G, Boran T, Bıyıkoğlu C, Wasnik S, Değim İT (January 1, 2026) A Pioneering Strategy for Revolutionising Quantum Technology: The Cellular Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots Exclusively Derived from Sertraline Hydrochloride. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 55 3 332–342.

IEEE

[1]G. Çamlık et al., “A Pioneering Strategy for Revolutionising Quantum Technology: The Cellular Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots Exclusively Derived from Sertraline Hydrochloride”, iujp, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 332–342, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1676831.

ISNAD

Çamlık, Gamze - Bilakaya, Besa - Karaotmarlı Güven, Gökçe - Boran, Tugce - Bıyıkoğlu, Ceyda - Wasnik, Siddhanshu - Değim, İsmail Tuncer. “A Pioneering Strategy for Revolutionising Quantum Technology: The Cellular Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots Exclusively Derived from Sertraline Hydrochloride”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 55/3 (January 1, 2026): 332-342. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1676831.

JAMA

1.Çamlık G, Bilakaya B, Karaotmarlı Güven G, Boran T, Bıyıkoğlu C, Wasnik S, Değim İT. A Pioneering Strategy for Revolutionising Quantum Technology: The Cellular Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots Exclusively Derived from Sertraline Hydrochloride. iujp. 2026;55:332–342.

MLA

Çamlık, Gamze, et al. “A Pioneering Strategy for Revolutionising Quantum Technology: The Cellular Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots Exclusively Derived from Sertraline Hydrochloride”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 55, no. 3, Jan. 2026, pp. 332-4, doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1676831.

Vancouver

1.Gamze Çamlık, Besa Bilakaya, Gökçe Karaotmarlı Güven, Tugce Boran, Ceyda Bıyıkoğlu, Siddhanshu Wasnik, İsmail Tuncer Değim. A Pioneering Strategy for Revolutionising Quantum Technology: The Cellular Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots Exclusively Derived from Sertraline Hydrochloride. iujp. 2026 Jan. 1;55(3):332-4. doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1676831