Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Infertility in Türkiye: A Systematic Review of Ethnopharmacological Evidence

Serap Rifai; Meryem Şeyda Erbay; Zeynep Büşra Erarslan; Aynur Sarı; Gülay Melikoğlu

doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1680589

Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Infertility in Türkiye: A Systematic Review of Ethnopharmacological Evidence

Abstract

This study is a systematic review of medicinal plants traditionally used to treat infertility in Türkiye. This study aims to compile comprehensive ethnobotanical, ethnomedicinal, and phytochemical data on these plants to support further pharmacological investigations. A total of 161 studies were analysed. The extracted information covered vernacular plant names, families, parts used, methods of preparation and application, and phytochemical profiles. The most cited families, species, and plant parts were identified and illustrated in the graphics. The review identified 94 plant taxa belonging to 43 different families. The most cited families were Asteraceae (12 taxa), Lamiaceae (6 taxa), Apiaceae (6 taxa), Malvaceae (6 taxa), Amaranthaceae (5 taxa), and Rosaceae (5 taxa). The most mentioned species included Malva neglecta Wallr. (11), Allium cepa L. (3), Ferula elaeochytris Korovin (3), Malva sylvestris L. (3), Plumbago europaea L. (3), Rubus sanctus Schreb. (3), Sambucus ebulus L. (3), and Zygophyllum fabago L. (3), respectively. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds were the most common phytochemicals in these plants. The pharmacological studies of the most frequently cited plants were also reviewed, suggesting that these plants may affect infertility through both direct effects, such as promoting spermatogenesis and motility, and indirect effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Although these species have a history of traditional use indicating therapeutic benefits, most have not been well studied for their toxicological and pharmacological effects. This review highlights some promising plants that warrant further research to support the development of novel infertility treatments.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmacognosy

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Serap Rifai ^*
0000-0003-1397-2098
Türkiye

Meryem Şeyda Erbay
0000-0001-9889-9250
Türkiye

Zeynep Büşra Erarslan
0000-0001-7541-2569
Türkiye

Aynur Sarı
0000-0001-8116-7053
Türkiye

Gülay Melikoğlu
0000-0003-4510-1326
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 14, 2026

Submission Date

April 21, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 6, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 55 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1680589

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA23TW56LJ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Rifai, S., Erbay, M. Ş., Erarslan, Z. B., Sarı, A., & Melikoğlu, G. (2026). Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Infertility in Türkiye: A Systematic Review of Ethnopharmacological Evidence. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 55(3), 519-539. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1680589

AMA

1.Rifai S, Erbay MŞ, Erarslan ZB, Sarı A, Melikoğlu G. Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Infertility in Türkiye: A Systematic Review of Ethnopharmacological Evidence. iujp. 2026;55(3):519-539. doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1680589

Chicago

Rifai, Serap, Meryem Şeyda Erbay, Zeynep Büşra Erarslan, Aynur Sarı, and Gülay Melikoğlu. 2026. “Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Infertility in Türkiye: A Systematic Review of Ethnopharmacological Evidence”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 55 (3): 519-39. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1680589.

EndNote

Rifai S, Erbay MŞ, Erarslan ZB, Sarı A, Melikoğlu G (January 1, 2026) Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Infertility in Türkiye: A Systematic Review of Ethnopharmacological Evidence. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 55 3 519–539.

IEEE

[1]S. Rifai, M. Ş. Erbay, Z. B. Erarslan, A. Sarı, and G. Melikoğlu, “Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Infertility in Türkiye: A Systematic Review of Ethnopharmacological Evidence”, iujp, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 519–539, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1680589.

ISNAD

Rifai, Serap - Erbay, Meryem Şeyda - Erarslan, Zeynep Büşra - Sarı, Aynur - Melikoğlu, Gülay. “Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Infertility in Türkiye: A Systematic Review of Ethnopharmacological Evidence”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 55/3 (January 1, 2026): 519-539. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1680589.

JAMA

1.Rifai S, Erbay MŞ, Erarslan ZB, Sarı A, Melikoğlu G. Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Infertility in Türkiye: A Systematic Review of Ethnopharmacological Evidence. iujp. 2026;55:519–539.

MLA

Rifai, Serap, et al. “Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Infertility in Türkiye: A Systematic Review of Ethnopharmacological Evidence”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 55, no. 3, Jan. 2026, pp. 519-3, doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1680589.

Vancouver

1.Serap Rifai, Meryem Şeyda Erbay, Zeynep Büşra Erarslan, Aynur Sarı, Gülay Melikoğlu. Plants Used in the Traditional Treatment of Infertility in Türkiye: A Systematic Review of Ethnopharmacological Evidence. iujp. 2026 Jan. 1;55(3):519-3. doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1680589