Release of Doxorubicin from Polyamidoamine-Based Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling

Nadia Mazhar; Zeeshan Danish; Hamid Saeed

doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2026.1755516

Release of Doxorubicin from Polyamidoamine-Based Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling

Abstract

Background and Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the release kinetics and mechanism of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded polyamidoamine (PAA)-based nanoparticles to discover the most suitable kinetic model for describing the drug release behaviour.

Methods: Release profiles of 12 distinctive DOX-loaded PAA-based nanoparticles were obtained by conducting an in vitro release study over 48 hours at pH 7.4 and 5.5. The data were fitted to six kinetic models: zero-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Peppas-Sahlin, and Weibull to assess their applicability. Suitability of models was evaluated on parameters, i.e., regression coefficients (R2), average Akaike information criterion (AIC), and corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc). The mechanism inferred from kinetic fitting was described by the release exponent (n) in the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, the k1, k2, and m parameters in the Peppas-Sahlin model, and the scale (α) and shape (β) parameters in the Weibull model.

Results: The Weibull model provided the best fit, with R2 values ranging from 0.971 to 0.998 and AIC values between 40.534 and 71.328. The Peppas-Sahlin model also presented a strong correlation (R2 = 0.885–0.995; AIC = 48.810 to 94.213), while the Korsmeyer-Peppas model exhibited the best fit for initial release (R2 = 0.980–1.000; AIC = −12.055 to 12.043). The exploration of release exponents specified a mixed diffusion mechanism, confirming that drug release was governed by both diffusion and polymer relaxation/erosion.

Conclusion: The Weibull model, due to its ability to precisely describe complex release kinetics, was found to be the most suitable kinetic model for explaining DOX release from PAA-based nanoparticles. The release mechanism involved both diffusion and polymer relaxation, emphasizing the adaptability of PAAbased nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery applications.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Delivery Technologies

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Nadia Mazhar
0009-0003-4779-4311
Pakistan

Zeeshan Danish ^*
0009-0001-4753-1525
Pakistan

Hamid Saeed
0000-0002-1400-4825
Pakistan

Publication Date

May 21, 2026

Submission Date

August 1, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 6, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 56 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2026.1755516

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA55WW88AN

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Mazhar, N., Danish, Z., & Saeed, H. (2026). Release of Doxorubicin from Polyamidoamine-Based Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 56(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2026.1755516

AMA

1.Mazhar N, Danish Z, Saeed H. Release of Doxorubicin from Polyamidoamine-Based Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling. iujp. 2026;56(1):1-7. doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2026.1755516

Chicago

Mazhar, Nadia, Zeeshan Danish, and Hamid Saeed. 2026. “Release of Doxorubicin from Polyamidoamine-Based Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 56 (1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2026.1755516.

EndNote

Mazhar N, Danish Z, Saeed H (May 1, 2026) Release of Doxorubicin from Polyamidoamine-Based Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 56 1 1–7.

IEEE

[1]N. Mazhar, Z. Danish, and H. Saeed, “Release of Doxorubicin from Polyamidoamine-Based Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling”, iujp, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 1–7, May 2026, doi: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2026.1755516.

ISNAD

Mazhar, Nadia - Danish, Zeeshan - Saeed, Hamid. “Release of Doxorubicin from Polyamidoamine-Based Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 56/1 (May 1, 2026): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2026.1755516.

JAMA

1.Mazhar N, Danish Z, Saeed H. Release of Doxorubicin from Polyamidoamine-Based Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling. iujp. 2026;56:1–7.

MLA

Mazhar, Nadia, et al. “Release of Doxorubicin from Polyamidoamine-Based Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 56, no. 1, May 2026, pp. 1-7, doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2026.1755516.

Vancouver

1.Nadia Mazhar, Zeeshan Danish, Hamid Saeed. Release of Doxorubicin from Polyamidoamine-Based Nanoparticles: Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling. iujp. 2026 May 1;56(1):1-7. doi:10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2026.1755516