Chelidonium majus L. (Papaveraceae) morphology, anatomy and traditional medicinal uses in Turkey

Abstract

Background and Aims: Chelidonium majus is known as “kırlangıç otu” in Turkey and the different plant parts, especially the latex and aerial parts have been used as folk medicines for different purposes such as digestion, hemorrhoids, jaundice, liver, eye, and skin diseases. Despite the traditional uses of Chelidonium, there have been no detailed anatomical studies related to this species. Methods: The description and distribution map of C. majus was expended according to herbarium materials and an anatomical study was made using fresh materials. The information related to traditional uses and local names of this species was evaluated from ethnobotanical literature in Turkey. For anatomical studies freehand sections were prepared using razor blades and sections were double-stained with Astra blue and safranin. Results: In the anatomical study, epidermal sections containing trichome and stomata characters were elucidated. The leaves are bifacial and hypostomatic. The stomata are anomocytic in the paradermal section. The cross-section of the stem showed multi-layered parenchymatous cells in the cortex and a single-layered endodermis with simple eglandular trichomes. The cross-section of the root showed that the epidermis was replaced with the periderm. Under the phloem, which had few layers, the xylem was composed of tracheary elements surrounded by sclerenchymatous cells. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the morphological and anatomical characters alongside articulated laticifers and latex properties provide useful tools for the identification of this taxon from the other genera in the Papaveraceae family.

Keywords

• Anatomy
• Chelidonium majus
• morphology
• traditional uses
• Turkey

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