Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of various extracts from Stachys cretica subsp. bulgarica Rech.f., Stachys byzantina K. Koch and Stachys thirkei K. Koch

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 51 Sayı: 3, 341 - 347, 29.12.2021

Gizem Gulsoy Toplan , Turgut Taşkın , Emel Mataracı Kara , Gülay Ecevit Genç

Öz

Background and Aims: Stachys L. species, which are members of the Lamiaceae family, have long been applied for their therapeutic benefits especially to cure cough, infection, genital tumors, ulcers, inflammatory illnesses, and wounds in Anatolian traditional medicine. In the current study, various extracts prepared from the aerial parts of Stachys cretica subsp. bulgarica Rech.f. (SC), Stachys byzantina K. Koch (SB), Stachys thirkei K. Koch and were tested for their in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticandidal properties. Methods: The aerial parts of three Stachys species were sequentially extracted using n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol. Aqueous extracts of each sample was also prepared by infusion process. The total phenolic content of each extract was determined and the contribution of the biological activities in the samples was evaluated. To assess the antioxidant capacity, samples were studied using CUPRAC activity, DPPH• free radical scavenging, and FRAP methods. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was tested against 7 bacteria and 3 yeast. Results: The infusion and methanol extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant potential and also had the highest percentage of phenolics among the studied extracts. The n-hexane extracts of all studied species showed considerable antifungal activity with MIC values ranging from 312.5-78.12 mg/L. Conclusion: According to our results, three Stachys species were found to be beneficial for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stachys, antioxidant activity, total phenolic, antimicrobial activity

Kaynakça

• • Akcicek, E., Dirmenci, T., & Dündar, E. (2012). Taxonomical notes on Stachys sect. Eriostomum (Lamiaceae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 36(3), 217-234.
• • Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., & Karademir, S. E. (2004). Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 52(26), 7970-7981.
• • Asnaashari, S., Delazar, A., Alipour, S. S., Nahar, L., Williams, A. S., Pasdaran, A., Mojarabi, M., Fathi Azad, F., & Sarker, S. D. (2010). Chemical composition, free-radical-scavenging and insecticidal activities of the aerial parts of Stachys byzantina. Archives of Biological Sciences, 62(3), 653-662.
• • Atanasov, A. G., Zotchev, S. B., Dirsch, V. M., & Supuran, C. T. (2021). Natural products in drug discovery: Advances and opportunities. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 20(3), 200-216.
• • Bahadori, M. B., Zengin, G., Dinparast, L., & Eskandani, M. (2020). The health benefits of three Hedgenettle herbal teas (Stachys byzantina, Stachys inflata, and Stachys lavandulifolia)-profiling phenolic and antioxidant activities. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 36, 101134.
• • Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye’de bitkiler ile tedavi: geçmişte ve bugün (2th ed.). Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
• • Benzie, I.F., Strain, J.J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239, 70–6.
• • BilušićVundać, V. (2019). Taxonomical and phytochemical characterisation of 10 Stachys taxa recorded in the Balkan Peninsula flora: A review. Plants, 8(2), 32.
• • Branen, A. L. (1975). Toxicology and biochemistry of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 52(2), 59-63.
• • Bremner, P., & Heinrich, M. (2002). Natural products as targeted modulators of the nuclear factor‐KB pathway. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 54(4), 453-472.
• • Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), (1997). Reference Method for Broth Dilutions Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard-Second Edition, in Wayne, PA, USA.
• • Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), (2020). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, in, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087, USA.
• • Coqueiro, A., Regasini, L. O., Stapleton, P., da Silva Bolzani, V., & Gibbons, S. (2014). In vitro antibacterial activity of prenylated guanidine alkaloids from Pterogynenitens and synthetic analogues. Journal of Natural products, 77(8), 1972-1975.
• • Demirtas, I., Gecibesler, I. H., & Yaglioglu, A. S. (2013). Antiproliferative activities of isolated flavone glycosides and fatty acids from Stachys byzantina. Phytochemistry Letters, 6(2), 209-214.
• • El Atki, Y., Aouam, I., El Kamari, F., Taroq, A., Lyoussi, B., Oumokhtar, B., & Abdellaoui, A. (2020). Phytochemistry, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two Moroccan Teucrium polium L. subspecies: preventive approach against nosocomial infections. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(2), 3866-3874.
• • Erdemoglu, N., Turan, N. N., Cakıcı, I., Sener, B., & Aydın, A. (2006). Antioxidant activities of some Lamiaceae plant extracts. Phytotherapy Research, 20(1), 9-13.
• • Ertas, A., & Yener, I. (2020). A comprehensive study on chemical and biological profiles of three herbal teas in Anatolia; rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids. South African Journal of Botany, 130, 274- 281.
• • Fang, Y. Z., Yang, S., & Wu, G. (2002). Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition,18(10), 872-879.
• • Frezza, C., Venditti, A., Serafini, M., & Bianco, A. (2019). Phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, ethnopharmacology, and nutraceutics of Lamiaceae. In Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, 62, 125-178. • Goren, A. C. (2014). Use of Stachys species (mountain tea) as herbal tea and food. Records of Natural Products, 8(2), 71.
• • Goren, A. C., Piozzi, F., Akcicek, E., Kılıç, T., Çarıkçı, S., Mozioğlu, E., & Setzer, W. N. (2011). Essential oil composition of twenty-two Stachys species (mountain tea) and their biological activities. Phytochemistry Letters, 4(4), 448-453.
• • Hajdari, A., Novak, J., Mustafa, B., & Franz, C. (2012). Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Stachys sylvatica L. (Lamiaceae) from different wild populations in Kosovo. Natural Product Research, 26(18), 1676-1681.
• • İşcan, G., Demirci, B., Demirci, F., Göger, F., Kırımer, N., Köse, Y. B., & Başer, K.H.C. (2012). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Stachys lavandulifolia subsp. lavandulifolia essential oil and its infusion. Natural Product Communications, 7(9), 1934578X1200700937.
• • Jassbi, A. R., Miri, R., Asadollahi, M., Javanmardi, N., & Firuzi, O. (2014). Cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of nine species of woundwort (Stachys) plants. Pharmaceutical Biology, 52(1), 62-67.
• • Kaya, A., Demirci, B., & Baser, K. H. C. (2001). The composition of the essential oil of Stachys iberica subsp. stenostachya growing in Turkey. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 37(4), 326-328.
• • Khanavi, M., Hajimahmoodi, M., Cheraghi-Niroomand, M., Kargar, Z., Ajani, Y., Hadjiakhoondi, A., & Oveisi, M. R. (2009). Comparison of the antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents in some Stachys species. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(6), 1143-1147.
• • Kukić, J., Petrović, S., & Niketić, M. (2006). Antioxidant activity of four endemic Stachys taxa. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 29(4), 725-729.
• • Kwapong, A. A., Soares, S., Teo, S. P., Stapleton, P., & Gibbons, S. (2020). Myristica lowiana Phytochemicals as Inhibitor of Plasmid Conjugation in Escherichia coli. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020, 1-6.
• • Leblebici, S., Kaygusuz, Ö., Korkmaz, T., & Darcan, C. (2016). The antimicrobial activities of the leaves of some endemic Stachys species spreading in West Anatolia, Turkey. Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg, 66(6), 18-28.
• • Li, W. J., Nie, S. P., Liu, X. Z., Zhang, H., Yang, Y., Yu, Q., & Xie, M. Y. (2012). Antimicrobial properties, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of ethanol-soluble acidic components from Ganoderma atrum. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(3-4), 689-694.
• • Pieters, L., & Vlietinck, A. J. (2005). Bioguided isolation of pharmacologically active plant components, still a valuable strategy for the finding of new lead compounds. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100(1-2), 57-60.
• • Saeedi, M., Morteza-Semnani, K., Mahdavi, M. R., & Rahimi, F. (2008). Antimicrobial studies on extracts of four species of Stachys. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 70(3), 403.
• • Salehi, P., Sonboli, A., & Asghari, B. (2007). Chemical composition of the essential oil of Stachys acerosa and its antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 43(3), 339- 341.
• • Sarikurkcu, C., Kocak, M. S., Uren, M. C., Calapoglu, M., & Tepe, A. S. (2016). Potential sources for the management global health problems and oxidative stress: Stachys byzantina and S. iberica subsp. iberica var. densipilosa. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 8(5), 631-637.
• • Satıl, F., & Acar, M. (2020). Ethnobotanical use of Stachys L. (Lamiaceae) taxa in Turkey. International Journal of Nature and Life Sciences,4(2), 66-86.
• • Silva, C., & Fernandes Júnior, A. (2010). Biological properties of medicinal plants: a review of their antimicrobial activity. Journal of venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases, 16, 402-413.
• • Şerbetçi, T., Demirci, B., Güzel, Ç. B., Kültür, Ş., Ergüven, M., & Başer, K. H. C. (2010). Essential oil composition, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of two endemic Stachys cretica subspecies (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. Natural Product Communications, 5(9), 1934578X1000500907.
• • Taşkın, D., Taşkın, T., & Rayaman, E. (2018). Phenolic composition and biological properties of Achillea nobilis L. subsp. neilreichii (Kerner) Formanek. Industrial Crops and Products, 111, 555-562.
• • Tiwari, B. K., Valdramidis, V. P., O’Donnell, C. P., Muthukumarappan, K., Bourke, P., & Cullen, P. J. (2009). Application of natural antimicrobials for food preservation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(14), 5987-6000.
• • Tomou, E. M., Barda, C., & Skaltsa, H. (2020). Genus Stachys: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and bioactivity. Medicines, 7(10), 63.
• • Toplan, G. G., Kurkcuoglu, M., Goger, F., İşcan, G., Ağalar, H. G., Mat, A., Başer, K.H.C. & Sarıyar, G. (2017). Composition and biological activities of Salvia veneris Hedge growing in Cyprus. Industrial Crops and Products, 97, 41-48.
• • Tundis, R., Peruzzi, L., & Menichini, F. (2014). Phytochemical and biological studies of Stachys species in relation to chemotaxonomy: a review. Phytochemistry, 102, 7-39.
• • Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M. T., Mazur, M., & Telser, J. (2007). Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 39(1), 44-84.
• • Wei, F., Jinglou, C., Yaling, C., Yongfang, L., Liming, C., Lei, P., Zhou, D., Liang, X., & Ruan, J. (2010). Antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective potential of the extract from Parathelypterisnipponica (Franch.et Sav.) Ching. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 130, 521–528.