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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Osmanli Bilimi Arastirmalari (Studies in Ottoman Science)</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1303-3123</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2458-7982</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>İstanbul Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26650/oba.1736196</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Late Modern Urban History</subject>
                                                            <subject>Late Modern Ottoman History</subject>
                                                            <subject>Late Modern History (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Yakınçağ Kent Tarihi</subject>
                                                            <subject>Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi</subject>
                                                            <subject>Yakınçağ Tarihi (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>On Altıncı ve On Dokuzuncu Yüzyıllar Arasında Mezopotamya’da Seyyah, Söylem ve Hastalık: Halep Çıbanı</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Travelers’ Discourses on Diseases in Mesopotamia Between the Sixteenth and Nineteenth Centuries: The Aleppo Boil</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0776-4129</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Özcoşar</surname>
                                    <given-names>İbrahim</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MARDİN ARTUKLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6503-2140</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Mengirkaon</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sabri</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MARDİN ARTUKLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260318">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>18</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>27</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>1</fpage>
                                        <lpage>19</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250706">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>06</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20251223">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1995, Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1995</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu makale on sekizinci ve on dokuzuncu yüzyıllar arasında Osmanlı Mezopotamya’sında kentlerin ve kentlilerin sıhhi durumunu ve dönüşümünü, Halep çıbanı hastalığını merkeze alarak incelemektedir. Osmanlı Devleti’nin hâkimiyeti ile nispeten güvenlik ortamının oluşması sonucunda bir çok Avrupalı seyyahın gelmeye başladığı Mezopotamya kentleri ve sakinleri uzunca bir süre pek çok açıdan övülmüştür. Ancak on sekizinci yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren bu olumluluk hali yerini yavaş ve istikrarlı bir olumsuzluğa bırakmıştır. Seyyah anlatılarına yansıyan olumsuzluklardan birisi de insanların fiziksel görünüşleridir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma insan-çevre ilişkilerinden hareketle bir açıklama yapma amacındadır. Bedevi aşiretlerin münbit arazileri baskılamasıyla köyler boşalmış ahalisi ise kentlere gelmiştir. Bu durum kentlerin fiziki sınırlarını zorlamış ve nihayetinde de kent çeperlerinde sıhhi koşullardan yoksun yeni yerleşim yerlerinin kurulmasıyla sonuçlanmıştır. Dönemin sosyoekonomik şartları nedeniyle devletin gerekli önlemleri alamaması on sekizinci yüzyıldan itibaren kentlerin ve kentlilerin durumunun kötüleşmesine neden olmuştur. Bu durum seyyah söylemine de yansımış on dokuzuncu yüzyıldan itibaren kentler “hastalıklar yuvası” kentliler ise “vahşi görünümlü” olarak tasvir edilmiştir. Bu çalışma Halep çıbanı hastalığını merkeze alarak seyyah anlatıları üzerinden Osmanlı Devleti’nin çevresel tarihine bir katkı yapma amacını taşımaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>This study examines the social and environmental transformation of cities in Ottoman Mesopotamia between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries through European travelers’ accounts of the Aleppo boil (oriental sore). While early modern travelers under Ottoman rule often praised the region’s inhabitants for their physical appearance and apparent health, narratives from the late eighteenth century onward increasingly emphasized bodily degeneration, urban decay, and unsanitary living conditions. This shift is analyzed through a human-environment perspective. The encroachment of Bedouin tribes onto fertile agricultural lands displaced rural populations, driving migration toward urban centers. Rapid urban growth, particularly in peripheral and suburban areas, led to overcrowding and deteriorating sanitary conditions. The Ottoman State failed to manage these changes, contributing to the spread of disease and urban decline. By the nineteenth century, travelers frequently depicted Mesopotamian cities as “hotbeds of disease” and described their inhabitants as “wild-looking.” This study contributes to the environmental history of the Ottoman State by showing how changing travel narratives reflect broader socio-environmental dynamics and shifting perceptions of urban life.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Mesopotamia</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ottoman State</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  travelogue</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  disease</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Aleppo boil.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Mezopotamya</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Osmanlı Devleti</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  seyahatname</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  hastalık</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Halep çıbanı</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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