Algılanan Ebeveyn Reddi ile Somatizasyon Arasındaki İlişkide Aleksitiminin Aracı Rolü

Öz

Somatik yakınmalar yetişkinlik döneminde karşılaşılan yaygın psikolojik sorunlardan biridir. Duyguları tanıma ve ifade etme güçlüğüyle nitelenen aleksitimi ise somatik yakınmaların güçlü yordayıcılarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Alanyazındaki araştırma bulguları olumsuz çocukluk çağı yaşantılarının aleksitimiyi ve somatizasyonu yordadığını göstermektedir. Çocukluk döneminde bakım verenle kurulan ilişkinin kişilik özellikleri ve psikolojik iyi oluş üzerindeki etkilerine odaklanan kişiler arası kabul ve red kuramı bu açıdan geniş kapsamlı bir perspektif sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, algılanan ebeveyn reddinin yetişkinlik döneminde gözlemlenen aleksitimi ve somatik yakınmalar üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışma kapsamında algılanan anne ve baba reddinin somatik yakınmalar üzerindeki etkisinin ayrı iki modelle sınanması amaçlanmaktadır. Anne reddinin etkisi sınanırken baba reddinin, baba reddinin etkisi sınanırken de anne reddinin etkisinin kontrol edilmesi planlanmıştır. Aleksitiminin üç ayrı boyutunun bu ilişkilerdeki aracı rollerinin incelenmesi yoluyla da alanyazına katkı sağlanması hedeflenmektedir. Araştırma verileri çevrimiçi ortamda Türkiye’de yaşayan 224’ü kadın, 104’ü erkek olmak üzere 328 kişiden toplanmıştır. Veri toplama araçları Sosyo-demografik form, Ebeveyn Kabul/Red Ölçeği Yetişkin Anne ve Baba Formları (Rohner ve Khaleque, 2005), Kısa Belirti Envanteri Somatizasyon Alt Ölçeği (SCL-90-R; Derogatis, 1977) ve Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeğinden (TAS-20; Bagby ve ark., 1994) oluşmaktadır. Bulgular, algılanan baba reddinin etkisi kontrol edildiğinde, algılanan anne reddinin aleksitiminin ‘duyguları tanımada güçlük’ ve ‘duyguları söze dökmede güçlük’ alt boyutlarını ve somatizasyonu yordadığını göstermiştir. Dahası, algılanan anne reddi ile somatizasyon arasındaki ilişkiye aleksitiminin duyguları tanımada güçlük boyutunun aracılık ettiği bulunmuştur. Algılanan anne reddinin etkisi kontrol edildiğinde ise babadan algılanan reddin aleksitiminin alt boyutları ve somatizasyon üzerinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı etkilerinin olmadığı görülmüştür. Bulgular somatizasyon ve aleksitimi arasındaki ilişkiye dair alanyazın bulgularını desteklemiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışma, anneden algılanan ebeveyn reddinin aleksitimi altboyutları aracılığıyla somatizasyonu yordadığına işaret ederek alanyazın bulgularını genişletmiştir. Bulgular alanyazın ışığında değerlendirilmiş, araştırmanın güçlü yönleri, sınırlılıkları, pratik çıkarımları ve gelecek araştırmalar için öneriler tartışılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kişiler arası kabul ve red kuramı
• ebeveyn kabul ve reddi
• aleksitimi
• duyguları tanımada güçlük
• duyguları söze dökmede güçlük
• somatizasyon

The Mediating Role of Alexithymia in the Relationship Between Perceived Parental Rejection and Somatization

Öz

Somatic complaints are a prevalent psychological problem many adults experience. Alexithymia is characterized by difficulty identifying and expressing feelings and is widely considered to be a strong predictor of somatic complaints. Previous studies have indicated adverse childhood experiences to be associated with alexithymia and somatization. In this regard, interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory provides a comprehensive perspective that focuses on the effects the caregiver-infancy relationship that is established in the early years of life has on personality characteristics and psychological well-being. The aim of the current research is to examine the effects of perceived parental rejection on alexithymia and somatic complaints in adults using two separate models. The study will analyze the effect of maternal rejection while controlling for the effect of paternal rejection, as well as the effect of paternal rejection while controlling for the effect of maternal rejection. The research also intends to contribute to the literature by investigating the mediating roles the three sub-dimensions of alexithymia has on these relationships. Data were collected online from 328 participants in Türkiye, of whom 224 are women and 104 are men. All participants filled out a socio-demographic form, the Somatization Subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90-R; Derogatis, 1977), the mother and father versions of the Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Rohner & Khaleque, 2005), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20; Bagby et al., 1994). The results reveal perceived maternal rejection to predict somatization as well as the TAS-20 subscales of difficulty identifying emotions and difficulty expressing emotions when controlling for the effect of perceived paternal rejection. In addition, the TAS-20 component of difficulty identifying emotions was found to mediate the relationship between perceived maternal rejection and somatization. Perceived paternal rejection had no statistically significant effects on somatization or the sub-dimensions of alexithymia when controlling for the effect of perceived maternal rejection. The results confirm previous research regarding the relationship between somatization and alexithymia. Additionally, this research expands on the results in the literature by emphasizing how perceived parental rejection from the mother predicts somatization through the sub-dimensions of alexithymia. The findings have been evaluated in light of the literature, with the study’s strengths, limitations, practical implications, and recommendations for future research also being discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory
• parental acceptance and rejection
• alexithymia
• difficulty identifying feelings
• difficulty describing feelings
• somatization

Kaynakça

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