Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 123 - 140, 09.07.2021

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abdolahi, E. (2007). Ecotourism compatible with environmental protection and sustainability of natural resources. Presented at the Sixth Iranian Agriculture Economics Conference, Mashhad-Iran.
  • Adeola, O., & Evans, O. (2020). ICT, infrastructure, and tourism development in Africa. Tourism Economics, 26(1), 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619827712
  • Ahmadi, M., Khodadadi, M., & Shahabi, H. (2018). Planning for ecotourism in the protected area of Manesht and Ghelarang, Ilam Province, Iran. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 19(2), 243–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2017.1394956
  • Akbari, M., Khodadad, M., Musazadeh, H., & Rudgar Safari, V. (2017). Evaluating the ecological capability of Tehran province in the development of ecotourism using geographic information system. Geographical Journal Of Tourism Space, 6(21), 117–132.
  • Alipour, H., Vaziri, R. K., & Ligay, E. (2011). Governance as a Catalyst to Sustainable Tourism Development: Evidence from North Cyprus. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(5), p32. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v4n5p32
  • Amiri, M. J., Zoghi, M., Sadat, M., & Karimi, S. (2015). Assessing ecotourism potential in protected areas to contribute to sustainable rural development (Case study: Arasbaran protected area- Mishehpareh). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 4(3), 39–50.
  • Asadi, R. (2012). Strategies for Iran Ecotourism. World Applied Sciences Journal, 18(3), 414–424. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.18.03.1710
  • Atlantic Council. (2018). Iran’s Environmental Impasse. Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/commentary/event-recap/iran-s-environmental-impasse/
  • Azimi, N., & Hajipour, A. H. (2008). Planning the Cultural Tourism and Ecotourism Industry for Economic Development: A Case Study of Iran. Environmental Sciences, 6(1), 53–64.
  • Bazm Ara, M., Tavakoli, M., & Kaveh, J. (2017). Assessing Appropriate Areas for Ecotourism Development of Protected Areas. Case Study: Khaeez Protected Area. The Journal of Spatial Planning, 21(3), 95–118.
  • Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2011). Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4–5), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.580586
  • Carvache-Franco, M., Segarra-Oña, M., & Carrascosa-López, C. (2019). Segmentation by Motivation in Ecotourism: Application to Protected Areas in Guayas, Ecuador. Sustainability, 11(1), 240. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010240
  • Causevic, S., & Lynch, P. (2013). Political (in)stability and its influence on tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.04.006
  • Churugsa, W., McIntosh, A. J., & Simmons, D. (2007). Sustainable tourism planning and development: Understanding the capacity of local government. Leisure/Loisir, 31(2), 453–473. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2007.9651391
  • Dabiri, F., Fazel, A. M., Moghaddasi, N., & Mehrasa Mehrdadi. (2016). Revised National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plan (NBSAP2) of the Islamic Republic of Iran. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17561.62567
  • Farajzadeh Asl, M., & Karim Panah, R. (2009). Possibility Study of Ecotourism Development Zones in Kurdistan Province Using Geographic Information System (GIS). Physical Geography Research Quarterly, (65).
  • FinancialTribune. (2017, May 23). Iran Ecotourism Untapped. Retrieved June 17, 2020, from Financial Tribune website: https://financialtribune.com/articles/travel/65072/iran-ecotourism-untapped
  • Ganjali, S., Shayesteh, K., Ghasemi, A., & Mohammadi, H. (2014). Environmental and strategic assessment of ecotourism potential in Anzali Wetland using SWOT analysis. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences-University of Guilan, 22(1), 155–164.
  • Ghaderi, Z., Abooali, G., & Henderson, J. (2018). Community capacity building for tourism in a heritage village: The case of Hawraman Takht in Iran. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(4), 537–550. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1361429
  • Ghadiri Masoum, M., Nasiri, H., Hosseini, A., & Rafii, Y. (2012). Ecotourism Planning Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study for Marvdasht, Iran. In R. Abu (Ed.), Current Issues in Hospitality and Tourism: Research and Innovations (pp. 225–229). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b12752
  • Ghadiri, N., & Sabzi, A. (2011). Analytical article on ecotourism and its place in the vision document for the development of Iran’s cultural heritage and tourism sector. 12. Iran.
  • Ghanian, M., Ghoochani, O. M., & Crotts, J. C. (2014). An application of European Performance Satisfaction Index towards rural tourism: The case of western Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives, 11, 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.04.005
  • Ghorbani, A., Raufirad, V., Rafiaani, P., & Azadi, H. (2015). Ecotourism sustainable development strategies using SWOT and QSPM model: A case study of Kaji Namakzar Wetland, South Khorasan Province, Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.09.005
  • Ghorbani nia, V., Mirsanjari, M., & Liaghati, H. (2018). Evaluating ecotourism potential development in Dena county using multi-criteria evaluation of specific hybrid indices. Journal of Rangeland, 12(3), 316–329.
  • Goharipour, H., & Hajiluie, M. M. (2016). A Study on River Ecotourism Development: Case Study: Karaj River. International Journal of Geography and Geology, 5(4), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.10/2016.5.4/10.4.73.85
  • Golghamat Raad, N. (2019). A Strategic Approach to Tourism Development Barriers in Iran. Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, 08(03). https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0269.19.8.410
  • Habibi Kutanaie, S., & Zande Moghadam, M. (2013). Analysis and leveling of ecotourism potentials and its impact on permanent development using the TOPSIS multivariate model (a case study: Mazandaran province). Geographical Journal of Tourism Space, 2(8), 99–111.
  • Hashemi, N., & Ghaffary, G. (2017). A Proposed Sustainable Rural Development Index (SRDI): Lessons from Hajij village, Iran. Tourism Management, 59, 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.07.021
  • Hosseinalizadeh, S., Jabbari, S., & Haghlesan, M. (2018). Assessment of Ecotourism from the Perspective of the Sustainable Development Based on SWOT Model (Case: Azerbaijan Region of Iran. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2018.v7n1p163
  • Hübler, M. (2019). How trade-in ecotourism services can save nature: A policy scenario analysis. Development Southern Africa, 36(1), 127–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1489780
  • Imikan, A. M., & Ekpo, K. J. (2012). Infrastructure and Tourism Development in Nigeria: The Case Study of Rivers State. International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, 3(2), 53–60.
  • Irangov. (2020). Efforts to approve the tourism support package in the government. Retrieved October 11, 2020, from GOVERNMENT OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN website: http://dolat.ir/detail/347916
  • IRNA. (2018, November 13). Ecotourism in Iran: Pure joy of staying in heavenly spots. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from IRNA English website: https://en.irna.ir/news/83097910/Ecotourism-in-Iran-Pure-joy-of-staying-in-heavenly-spots
  • Jenkins, C. L. (2015). Tourism policy and planning for developing countries: Some critical issues. Tourism Recreation Research, 40(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2015.1045363
  • Kamyabi, S., & Rajaee Rizi, M. A. (2018). Ecotourism Development Strategies in Chahardangeh District of Sari County. Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 6(4), 107–126.
  • Khadaroo, J., & Seetanah, B. (2008). The role of transport infrastructure in international tourism development: A gravity model approach. Tourism Management, 29(5), 831–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.09.005
  • Khadaroo, J., & Seetanah, B. (2014). Infrastructure, tourism. In J. Jafari & H. Xiao (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Tourism (pp. 1–2). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_447-1
  • Kiakojori, D., & Isa Karkroodi, N. (2015). Feasibility study of the rural ecotourism in the Javaherdeh village of Ramsar using SWOT. Quarterly Natural Ecosystems of Iran, 6(1–2), 111–124.
  • Kolahi, M., Moriya, K., Sakai, T., Khosrojerdi, E., & Etemad, V. (2014). Introduction of Participatory Conservation in Iran: Case Study of the Rural Communities’ Perspectives in Khojir National Park. International Journal of Environmental Research, (4). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.784
  • Kolahi, Mahdi, Sakai, T., Moriya, K., & Makhdoum, M. F. (2012). Challenges to the Future Development of Iran’s Protected Areas System. Environmental Management, 50(4), 750–765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9895-5
  • Laylin, D. (2018). Environmental and Wildlife Degradation in Iran. Atlantic Council. Retrieved from Atlantic Council website: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep17110?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
  • Makhdoum, M. F. (2008). Management of protected areas and conservation of biodiversity in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 65(4), 563–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207230802245898
  • Mansoori, S., Behzad, R., & Jaybhaye, R. G. (2014). The Role of Ecotourism in the Prosperity of Local People in the Tandooreh National Park and the Shir-Ahmad Wildlife Refuge- Iran. The International Journal Of Humanities & Social Studies, 2(8), 111–114.
  • Mobaraki, O., Abdollahzadeh, M., & Kamelifar, Z. (2014). Site suitability evaluation for ecotourism using GIS and AHP: A case study of Isfahan Townships, Iran. Management Science Letters, 4(8), 1893–1898. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2014.6.038
  • Modiri, M., Salimimanesh, J., Abbasi, M., & Bagheri Seyyed Shokri, S. (2011). Analysis and Evaluation of Ecotourism Development Potential and Strategies in the Rijab Region (Kermanshah Province). Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR), 20(78), 43–50.
  • Moghimehfar, F., Halpenny, E. A., & Ziaee, M. (2014). How big is the gap? Comparing the behaviors and knowledge of mountain hikers with ecotourism ideals: a case study of Iran. Journal of Ecotourism, 13(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2014.925466
  • Mohajer, E, & Avagyan, A. (2014). Evaluation of Ecotourism Capabilities of Golestan Province. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 3(12), 116–128.
  • Mohajer, Esmaeil, & Vahagan Varazdat, G. (2017). Prospects And Problems of Ecotourism in Iran. World Journal of Environmental Biosciences, 6. Retrieved from https://environmentaljournals.org/index/ArchievDetail/21-37HED/articles/R4.pdf
  • Moharramnejad, N., & Aghakhani, M. (2009). Evaluation of threats and opportunities of ecotourism industry strategic factors(Case study: Protected area of Jajroud). Journal Of Environmental Science And Technology, 11(3), 237–248.
  • Mosammam, H. M., Sarrafi, M., Nia, J. T., & Heidari, S. (2016). Typology of the ecotourism development approach and an evaluation from the sustainability view: The case of Mazandaran Province, Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.03.004
  • Najafi Kani, A. A., Motiei Langarodi, S. H., & Najafi, K. (2012). Feasibility study of ecotourism development in rural areas using SWOT analytical model Case study: Amol city. Journal of Geography, (19–18), 121–137.
  • Nault, S., & Stapleton, P. (2011). The community participation process in ecotourism development: A case study of the community of Sogoog, Bayan-Ulgii, Mongolia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(6), 695–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2010.536240
  • Nematpour, M., & Faraji, A. (2019). Structural analysis of the tourism impacts in the form of future study in developing countries (case study: Iran). Journal of Tourism Futures, 5(3), 259–282. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-05-2018-0028
  • Nematpour, M., Khodadadi, M., Rezaei, N., & Makian, S. (2020). Structural analysis of the development of the Iranian tourism market employing a MICMAC approach: A new long-range planning method to attract the ASEAN international tourist market. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-04-2020-0053
  • Nunkoo, R. (2017). Governance and sustainable tourism: What is the role of trust, power, and social capital? Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(4), 277–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.10.003
  • O’ Regan, M. (2018). Backpacking’s future and its drifter past. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(3), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-04-2018-0019
  • OECD. (2012). Evaluating Tourism Policies and Programmes. In OECD, OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2012 (pp. 55–85). OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/tour-2012-4-en
  • Omidi Najafabadi, M., Haghbin, A., & Farajolah Hosseini, S. J. (2016). Factors affecting ecotourism development: A case study of Lavasan-e Kuchak rural district. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Research, 99(3), 11–21.
  • Pourasghari, M., & Amar, T. (2018). Feasibility of Ecotourism Development in Anzali Wetland: An Emphasis on Bird Watching Stations. Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research, 6(1), 59–77.
  • Rakhshan Nasab, H., & Zarabi, A. (2010). Challenges and opportunities of ecotourism development in Iran. Journal of Geographic Space, 9(28), 41–55.
  • Ramezani Gourabi, B., & Rajabi, R. (2015). Environmental vulnerability assessment of Tourism in Anzali Coastal with Using of SWOT model. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16(1), 245–256.
  • Riasi, A., & Pourmiri, S. (2015). Effects of online marketing on the Iranian ecotourism industry: Economic, sociological, and cultural aspects. Management Science Letters, 915–926. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2015.8.005
  • Salehi, N., & Fayaz, M. A. (2013). Ecotourism in Iran. Iran: Mirmah.
  • Shemshad, M., & Malek Mohammadi, I. (2012). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Ecotourism Development (In Pasture and Forest Cooperatives in Golestan Province, Iran). International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 2(4), 19–24.
  • Shomalizade, F., Dashti, S., & Hemadi, K. (2015). Analysis and evaluation of potential and strategies for ecotourism development in the lake of Dez dam using Freeman’s method. Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, 7(3), 5–20.
  • Siakwah, P., Musavengane, R., & Leonard, L. (2019). Tourism Governance and Attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa. Tourism Planning & Development, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1600160
  • Soltani, Z., Baygloo Shaykh, R., & ChamanMah, M. (2009). Conservation of international ecotourism attractions (case study: Gavkhuni swamp in Iran). Journal of Environmental Research And Development, 4(2), 594–600.
  • Soroushnia, S. (2020). Developing Rural Ecotourism Strategies in Wetland Protected Areas. The Case Study of Helleh Wetland, Iran. Geography and Human Relationships. Retrieved from http://www.gahr.ir/article_105182_3aadbceea4f74459b30a2fa886b52dbe.pdf
  • Tahbaz, M. (2016). Environmental Challenges in Today’s Iran. Iranian Studies, 49(6), 943–961. https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2016.1241624
  • TehranTimes. (2017, April 15). Iran moves into a flourishing ecotourism market. Retrieved June 17, 2020, from Tehran Times website: https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/412621/Iran-moves-into-flourishing-ecotourism-market
  • Thompson, J. (2001). Environmentalism: Philosophical Aspects. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 4679–4685). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/01060-3
  • Tisdell, C. (2011). Economic Aspects of Ecotourism: Wildlife-based Tourism and Its Contribution to Nature. Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Economics, 5(0), 83. https://doi.org/10.4038/sjae.v5i0.3478
  • Torabi, Z.-A., Rezvani, M. R., & Badri, S. A. (2019). Pro-poor tourism in Iran: The case of three selected villages in Shahrud. Anatolia, 30(3), 368–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2019.1595689
  • UNEP-WCMC. (2020). Protected Area Profile for Iran (the Islamic Republic Of) from the World Database of Protected Areas, May 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020, from Protected Planet website: https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/IR#ref1
  • Veicy, H. (2018). The study of the Tourism Industry in the National Basic Laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Strategic Studies of public policy, 7(25), 93–112.
  • Wang, X. (2010). Critical Aspects of Sustainable Development in Tourism: Advanced Ecotourism Education. Journal of Sustainable Development, 3(2), p261. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v3n2p261
  • Yang, L., Wall, G., & Smith, S. L. J. (2008). Ethnic tourism development: Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3), 751–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.06.005
  • Yekani Motlagh, E., Hajjarian, M., Hossein Zadeh, O., & Alijanpour, A. (2020). The difference of expert opinion on the forest-based ecotourism development in developed countries and Iran. Land Use Policy, 94, 104549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104549
  • Zarabi, A., & Safarabadi, A. (2014). Assessment of sustainable ecotourism development in the Kermanshah city. Journal of Geography and Planning, 17(46), 147–170.
  • Ziaee, M., & Mirzaee, R. (2005). Management challenges and tourism development in the protected areas of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (Case study of the Miankaleh Wildlife Sanctuary). Tourism Management Studies, 48(10), 1–34.

Current challenges facing ecotourism development in Iran

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 123 - 140, 09.07.2021

Öz

Iran is a rich country in terms of natural, historical and cultural resources that would be suitable for ecotourism development. Despite its many valuable attractions and growth potential, Iranian ecotourism has faced various problems and obstacles that have slowed or even prevented its expansion. Therefore, the objective of this study is to qualitatively identify the current challenges and problems in the development of ecotourism in Iran. Research findings enhance our understanding of the current problems of ecotourism development in Iran that need to be rigorously investigated in the future and before any development planning projects. The challenges and problems that will introduce in this paper are obtained by reviewing secondary data sources in the field of ecotourism and are classified into 6 different categories. Study results indicated that governance, management and planning issues are the most important challenges facing the Iranian ecotourism industry.

Kaynakça

  • Abdolahi, E. (2007). Ecotourism compatible with environmental protection and sustainability of natural resources. Presented at the Sixth Iranian Agriculture Economics Conference, Mashhad-Iran.
  • Adeola, O., & Evans, O. (2020). ICT, infrastructure, and tourism development in Africa. Tourism Economics, 26(1), 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619827712
  • Ahmadi, M., Khodadadi, M., & Shahabi, H. (2018). Planning for ecotourism in the protected area of Manesht and Ghelarang, Ilam Province, Iran. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 19(2), 243–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2017.1394956
  • Akbari, M., Khodadad, M., Musazadeh, H., & Rudgar Safari, V. (2017). Evaluating the ecological capability of Tehran province in the development of ecotourism using geographic information system. Geographical Journal Of Tourism Space, 6(21), 117–132.
  • Alipour, H., Vaziri, R. K., & Ligay, E. (2011). Governance as a Catalyst to Sustainable Tourism Development: Evidence from North Cyprus. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(5), p32. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v4n5p32
  • Amiri, M. J., Zoghi, M., Sadat, M., & Karimi, S. (2015). Assessing ecotourism potential in protected areas to contribute to sustainable rural development (Case study: Arasbaran protected area- Mishehpareh). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 4(3), 39–50.
  • Asadi, R. (2012). Strategies for Iran Ecotourism. World Applied Sciences Journal, 18(3), 414–424. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.18.03.1710
  • Atlantic Council. (2018). Iran’s Environmental Impasse. Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/commentary/event-recap/iran-s-environmental-impasse/
  • Azimi, N., & Hajipour, A. H. (2008). Planning the Cultural Tourism and Ecotourism Industry for Economic Development: A Case Study of Iran. Environmental Sciences, 6(1), 53–64.
  • Bazm Ara, M., Tavakoli, M., & Kaveh, J. (2017). Assessing Appropriate Areas for Ecotourism Development of Protected Areas. Case Study: Khaeez Protected Area. The Journal of Spatial Planning, 21(3), 95–118.
  • Bramwell, B., & Lane, B. (2011). Critical research on the governance of tourism and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(4–5), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.580586
  • Carvache-Franco, M., Segarra-Oña, M., & Carrascosa-López, C. (2019). Segmentation by Motivation in Ecotourism: Application to Protected Areas in Guayas, Ecuador. Sustainability, 11(1), 240. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010240
  • Causevic, S., & Lynch, P. (2013). Political (in)stability and its influence on tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.04.006
  • Churugsa, W., McIntosh, A. J., & Simmons, D. (2007). Sustainable tourism planning and development: Understanding the capacity of local government. Leisure/Loisir, 31(2), 453–473. https://doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2007.9651391
  • Dabiri, F., Fazel, A. M., Moghaddasi, N., & Mehrasa Mehrdadi. (2016). Revised National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plan (NBSAP2) of the Islamic Republic of Iran. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17561.62567
  • Farajzadeh Asl, M., & Karim Panah, R. (2009). Possibility Study of Ecotourism Development Zones in Kurdistan Province Using Geographic Information System (GIS). Physical Geography Research Quarterly, (65).
  • FinancialTribune. (2017, May 23). Iran Ecotourism Untapped. Retrieved June 17, 2020, from Financial Tribune website: https://financialtribune.com/articles/travel/65072/iran-ecotourism-untapped
  • Ganjali, S., Shayesteh, K., Ghasemi, A., & Mohammadi, H. (2014). Environmental and strategic assessment of ecotourism potential in Anzali Wetland using SWOT analysis. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences-University of Guilan, 22(1), 155–164.
  • Ghaderi, Z., Abooali, G., & Henderson, J. (2018). Community capacity building for tourism in a heritage village: The case of Hawraman Takht in Iran. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(4), 537–550. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1361429
  • Ghadiri Masoum, M., Nasiri, H., Hosseini, A., & Rafii, Y. (2012). Ecotourism Planning Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study for Marvdasht, Iran. In R. Abu (Ed.), Current Issues in Hospitality and Tourism: Research and Innovations (pp. 225–229). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b12752
  • Ghadiri, N., & Sabzi, A. (2011). Analytical article on ecotourism and its place in the vision document for the development of Iran’s cultural heritage and tourism sector. 12. Iran.
  • Ghanian, M., Ghoochani, O. M., & Crotts, J. C. (2014). An application of European Performance Satisfaction Index towards rural tourism: The case of western Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives, 11, 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2014.04.005
  • Ghorbani, A., Raufirad, V., Rafiaani, P., & Azadi, H. (2015). Ecotourism sustainable development strategies using SWOT and QSPM model: A case study of Kaji Namakzar Wetland, South Khorasan Province, Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.09.005
  • Ghorbani nia, V., Mirsanjari, M., & Liaghati, H. (2018). Evaluating ecotourism potential development in Dena county using multi-criteria evaluation of specific hybrid indices. Journal of Rangeland, 12(3), 316–329.
  • Goharipour, H., & Hajiluie, M. M. (2016). A Study on River Ecotourism Development: Case Study: Karaj River. International Journal of Geography and Geology, 5(4), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.10/2016.5.4/10.4.73.85
  • Golghamat Raad, N. (2019). A Strategic Approach to Tourism Development Barriers in Iran. Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, 08(03). https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0269.19.8.410
  • Habibi Kutanaie, S., & Zande Moghadam, M. (2013). Analysis and leveling of ecotourism potentials and its impact on permanent development using the TOPSIS multivariate model (a case study: Mazandaran province). Geographical Journal of Tourism Space, 2(8), 99–111.
  • Hashemi, N., & Ghaffary, G. (2017). A Proposed Sustainable Rural Development Index (SRDI): Lessons from Hajij village, Iran. Tourism Management, 59, 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.07.021
  • Hosseinalizadeh, S., Jabbari, S., & Haghlesan, M. (2018). Assessment of Ecotourism from the Perspective of the Sustainable Development Based on SWOT Model (Case: Azerbaijan Region of Iran. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2018.v7n1p163
  • Hübler, M. (2019). How trade-in ecotourism services can save nature: A policy scenario analysis. Development Southern Africa, 36(1), 127–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1489780
  • Imikan, A. M., & Ekpo, K. J. (2012). Infrastructure and Tourism Development in Nigeria: The Case Study of Rivers State. International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment, 3(2), 53–60.
  • Irangov. (2020). Efforts to approve the tourism support package in the government. Retrieved October 11, 2020, from GOVERNMENT OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN website: http://dolat.ir/detail/347916
  • IRNA. (2018, November 13). Ecotourism in Iran: Pure joy of staying in heavenly spots. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from IRNA English website: https://en.irna.ir/news/83097910/Ecotourism-in-Iran-Pure-joy-of-staying-in-heavenly-spots
  • Jenkins, C. L. (2015). Tourism policy and planning for developing countries: Some critical issues. Tourism Recreation Research, 40(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2015.1045363
  • Kamyabi, S., & Rajaee Rizi, M. A. (2018). Ecotourism Development Strategies in Chahardangeh District of Sari County. Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 6(4), 107–126.
  • Khadaroo, J., & Seetanah, B. (2008). The role of transport infrastructure in international tourism development: A gravity model approach. Tourism Management, 29(5), 831–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.09.005
  • Khadaroo, J., & Seetanah, B. (2014). Infrastructure, tourism. In J. Jafari & H. Xiao (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Tourism (pp. 1–2). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_447-1
  • Kiakojori, D., & Isa Karkroodi, N. (2015). Feasibility study of the rural ecotourism in the Javaherdeh village of Ramsar using SWOT. Quarterly Natural Ecosystems of Iran, 6(1–2), 111–124.
  • Kolahi, M., Moriya, K., Sakai, T., Khosrojerdi, E., & Etemad, V. (2014). Introduction of Participatory Conservation in Iran: Case Study of the Rural Communities’ Perspectives in Khojir National Park. International Journal of Environmental Research, (4). https://doi.org/10.22059/ijer.2014.784
  • Kolahi, Mahdi, Sakai, T., Moriya, K., & Makhdoum, M. F. (2012). Challenges to the Future Development of Iran’s Protected Areas System. Environmental Management, 50(4), 750–765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9895-5
  • Laylin, D. (2018). Environmental and Wildlife Degradation in Iran. Atlantic Council. Retrieved from Atlantic Council website: https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep17110?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
  • Makhdoum, M. F. (2008). Management of protected areas and conservation of biodiversity in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 65(4), 563–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207230802245898
  • Mansoori, S., Behzad, R., & Jaybhaye, R. G. (2014). The Role of Ecotourism in the Prosperity of Local People in the Tandooreh National Park and the Shir-Ahmad Wildlife Refuge- Iran. The International Journal Of Humanities & Social Studies, 2(8), 111–114.
  • Mobaraki, O., Abdollahzadeh, M., & Kamelifar, Z. (2014). Site suitability evaluation for ecotourism using GIS and AHP: A case study of Isfahan Townships, Iran. Management Science Letters, 4(8), 1893–1898. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2014.6.038
  • Modiri, M., Salimimanesh, J., Abbasi, M., & Bagheri Seyyed Shokri, S. (2011). Analysis and Evaluation of Ecotourism Development Potential and Strategies in the Rijab Region (Kermanshah Province). Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR), 20(78), 43–50.
  • Moghimehfar, F., Halpenny, E. A., & Ziaee, M. (2014). How big is the gap? Comparing the behaviors and knowledge of mountain hikers with ecotourism ideals: a case study of Iran. Journal of Ecotourism, 13(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2014.925466
  • Mohajer, E, & Avagyan, A. (2014). Evaluation of Ecotourism Capabilities of Golestan Province. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 3(12), 116–128.
  • Mohajer, Esmaeil, & Vahagan Varazdat, G. (2017). Prospects And Problems of Ecotourism in Iran. World Journal of Environmental Biosciences, 6. Retrieved from https://environmentaljournals.org/index/ArchievDetail/21-37HED/articles/R4.pdf
  • Moharramnejad, N., & Aghakhani, M. (2009). Evaluation of threats and opportunities of ecotourism industry strategic factors(Case study: Protected area of Jajroud). Journal Of Environmental Science And Technology, 11(3), 237–248.
  • Mosammam, H. M., Sarrafi, M., Nia, J. T., & Heidari, S. (2016). Typology of the ecotourism development approach and an evaluation from the sustainability view: The case of Mazandaran Province, Iran. Tourism Management Perspectives, 18, 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2016.03.004
  • Najafi Kani, A. A., Motiei Langarodi, S. H., & Najafi, K. (2012). Feasibility study of ecotourism development in rural areas using SWOT analytical model Case study: Amol city. Journal of Geography, (19–18), 121–137.
  • Nault, S., & Stapleton, P. (2011). The community participation process in ecotourism development: A case study of the community of Sogoog, Bayan-Ulgii, Mongolia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(6), 695–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2010.536240
  • Nematpour, M., & Faraji, A. (2019). Structural analysis of the tourism impacts in the form of future study in developing countries (case study: Iran). Journal of Tourism Futures, 5(3), 259–282. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-05-2018-0028
  • Nematpour, M., Khodadadi, M., Rezaei, N., & Makian, S. (2020). Structural analysis of the development of the Iranian tourism market employing a MICMAC approach: A new long-range planning method to attract the ASEAN international tourist market. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-04-2020-0053
  • Nunkoo, R. (2017). Governance and sustainable tourism: What is the role of trust, power, and social capital? Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6(4), 277–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.10.003
  • O’ Regan, M. (2018). Backpacking’s future and its drifter past. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(3), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-04-2018-0019
  • OECD. (2012). Evaluating Tourism Policies and Programmes. In OECD, OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2012 (pp. 55–85). OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/tour-2012-4-en
  • Omidi Najafabadi, M., Haghbin, A., & Farajolah Hosseini, S. J. (2016). Factors affecting ecotourism development: A case study of Lavasan-e Kuchak rural district. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Education Research, 99(3), 11–21.
  • Pourasghari, M., & Amar, T. (2018). Feasibility of Ecotourism Development in Anzali Wetland: An Emphasis on Bird Watching Stations. Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Research, 6(1), 59–77.
  • Rakhshan Nasab, H., & Zarabi, A. (2010). Challenges and opportunities of ecotourism development in Iran. Journal of Geographic Space, 9(28), 41–55.
  • Ramezani Gourabi, B., & Rajabi, R. (2015). Environmental vulnerability assessment of Tourism in Anzali Coastal with Using of SWOT model. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16(1), 245–256.
  • Riasi, A., & Pourmiri, S. (2015). Effects of online marketing on the Iranian ecotourism industry: Economic, sociological, and cultural aspects. Management Science Letters, 915–926. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2015.8.005
  • Salehi, N., & Fayaz, M. A. (2013). Ecotourism in Iran. Iran: Mirmah.
  • Shemshad, M., & Malek Mohammadi, I. (2012). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Ecotourism Development (In Pasture and Forest Cooperatives in Golestan Province, Iran). International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 2(4), 19–24.
  • Shomalizade, F., Dashti, S., & Hemadi, K. (2015). Analysis and evaluation of potential and strategies for ecotourism development in the lake of Dez dam using Freeman’s method. Journal of Wetland Ecobiology, 7(3), 5–20.
  • Siakwah, P., Musavengane, R., & Leonard, L. (2019). Tourism Governance and Attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals in Africa. Tourism Planning & Development, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1600160
  • Soltani, Z., Baygloo Shaykh, R., & ChamanMah, M. (2009). Conservation of international ecotourism attractions (case study: Gavkhuni swamp in Iran). Journal of Environmental Research And Development, 4(2), 594–600.
  • Soroushnia, S. (2020). Developing Rural Ecotourism Strategies in Wetland Protected Areas. The Case Study of Helleh Wetland, Iran. Geography and Human Relationships. Retrieved from http://www.gahr.ir/article_105182_3aadbceea4f74459b30a2fa886b52dbe.pdf
  • Tahbaz, M. (2016). Environmental Challenges in Today’s Iran. Iranian Studies, 49(6), 943–961. https://doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2016.1241624
  • TehranTimes. (2017, April 15). Iran moves into a flourishing ecotourism market. Retrieved June 17, 2020, from Tehran Times website: https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/412621/Iran-moves-into-flourishing-ecotourism-market
  • Thompson, J. (2001). Environmentalism: Philosophical Aspects. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 4679–4685). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/01060-3
  • Tisdell, C. (2011). Economic Aspects of Ecotourism: Wildlife-based Tourism and Its Contribution to Nature. Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Economics, 5(0), 83. https://doi.org/10.4038/sjae.v5i0.3478
  • Torabi, Z.-A., Rezvani, M. R., & Badri, S. A. (2019). Pro-poor tourism in Iran: The case of three selected villages in Shahrud. Anatolia, 30(3), 368–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2019.1595689
  • UNEP-WCMC. (2020). Protected Area Profile for Iran (the Islamic Republic Of) from the World Database of Protected Areas, May 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020, from Protected Planet website: https://www.protectedplanet.net/country/IR#ref1
  • Veicy, H. (2018). The study of the Tourism Industry in the National Basic Laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Strategic Studies of public policy, 7(25), 93–112.
  • Wang, X. (2010). Critical Aspects of Sustainable Development in Tourism: Advanced Ecotourism Education. Journal of Sustainable Development, 3(2), p261. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v3n2p261
  • Yang, L., Wall, G., & Smith, S. L. J. (2008). Ethnic tourism development: Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3), 751–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.06.005
  • Yekani Motlagh, E., Hajjarian, M., Hossein Zadeh, O., & Alijanpour, A. (2020). The difference of expert opinion on the forest-based ecotourism development in developed countries and Iran. Land Use Policy, 94, 104549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104549
  • Zarabi, A., & Safarabadi, A. (2014). Assessment of sustainable ecotourism development in the Kermanshah city. Journal of Geography and Planning, 17(46), 147–170.
  • Ziaee, M., & Mirzaee, R. (2005). Management challenges and tourism development in the protected areas of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (Case study of the Miankaleh Wildlife Sanctuary). Tourism Management Studies, 48(10), 1–34.
Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Review Article
Yazarlar

Sarasadat Makian 0000-0002-9935-5877

Farid Hanıfezadeh Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2249-4270

Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Temmuz 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Makian, S., & Hanıfezadeh, F. (2021). Current challenges facing ecotourism development in Iran. Journal of Tourismology, 7(1), 123-140.
AMA Makian S, Hanıfezadeh F. Current challenges facing ecotourism development in Iran. Journal of Tourismology. Temmuz 2021;7(1):123-140.
Chicago Makian, Sarasadat, ve Farid Hanıfezadeh. “Current Challenges Facing Ecotourism Development in Iran”. Journal of Tourismology 7, sy. 1 (Temmuz 2021): 123-40.
EndNote Makian S, Hanıfezadeh F (01 Temmuz 2021) Current challenges facing ecotourism development in Iran. Journal of Tourismology 7 1 123–140.
IEEE S. Makian ve F. Hanıfezadeh, “Current challenges facing ecotourism development in Iran”, Journal of Tourismology, c. 7, sy. 1, ss. 123–140, 2021.
ISNAD Makian, Sarasadat - Hanıfezadeh, Farid. “Current Challenges Facing Ecotourism Development in Iran”. Journal of Tourismology 7/1 (Temmuz 2021), 123-140.
JAMA Makian S, Hanıfezadeh F. Current challenges facing ecotourism development in Iran. Journal of Tourismology. 2021;7:123–140.
MLA Makian, Sarasadat ve Farid Hanıfezadeh. “Current Challenges Facing Ecotourism Development in Iran”. Journal of Tourismology, c. 7, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 123-40.
Vancouver Makian S, Hanıfezadeh F. Current challenges facing ecotourism development in Iran. Journal of Tourismology. 2021;7(1):123-40.