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Exploring Recreational Activities on Ghanaian Beaches: A Socio-demographic Analysis

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 51 - 65, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2024.10.1.1417595

Öz

Beach resources, facilities, and environmental conditions play critical roles in shaping recreational activities and opportunities for beachgoers. Thus, this study explores the dimensions of recreational activities undertaken at tourist beaches in Ghana, while also examining the disparities in activities among beach users. Employing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 315 beach users between November 2020 and February 2021 at tourist beaches in the Accra Metropolis. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to discern the dimensions of beach recreational activities engaged by the users. Three primary dimensions emerged: water-dependent, sand-dependent, and beach facility-based activities. The findings revealed that beach facility-based activities (M = 2.81), such as photography and enjoying snacks with a scenic beach backdrop, were the most preferred and pursued by users. Conversely, water-dependent activities (M = 3.76), such as swimming, freediving, and sand-dependent activities (M = 3.68), such as beach relaxation and sand bathing, were less preferred and pursued due to prevailing beach conditions. Furthermore, the analysis examined variations in recreational activities across visitors’ demographic profiles using statistical methods such as t-tests and analysis of variance. The findings revealed that gender, nationality, age, marital status, education, and purpose of visit significantly influence tourists’ recreational pursuits. Coastal and tourism managers should prioritize initiatives aimed at enhancing water and sand quality, including regular monitoring, pollution control, and sustainable waste management practices. Additionally, tailored interventions should be designed based on the preferences and sensitivities of different demographic groups to ensure a more inclusive and gratifying beach experience for all visitors.

Kaynakça

  • Akyeampong, O. (2006). Tourism development in Ghana, 1957-2007. Legon Journal of Sociology, 3(2), 1-23. google scholar
  • Boyle, K. J. (2018). Environmental quality. In J. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed., Vol. 8, pp. 349-352). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.80040-5 google scholar
  • Brida, J. G., & Scuderi, R. (2013). Determinants of tourist expenditure: A review of microeconometric models. Tourism Management Perspectives, 6, 28-40. google scholar
  • Chen, J. S., Prebensen, N. K., & Uysal, M. S. (2018). Dynamic drivers of tourist experiences. In Creating experience value in tourism (pp. 11-20). Wallingford UK: CAB International. google scholar
  • Crawford, D. W., & Godbey, G. (1987). Reconceptualizing barriers to family leisure. Leisure sciences, 9(2), 119-127. google scholar
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE publications. google scholar
  • Creswell, J. W. (2016). Reflections on the MMIRA the future of mixed methods task force report. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(3), 215-219. google scholar
  • Daher, B. T. (2018). Toward sustainable beach tourism: A multi-stakeholder analysis of recreational services at North Lebanon beaches. Tourism Management Perspectives, 27, 85-94. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2018.04.009 google scholar
  • Driver, B. L., Brown, P. J., & Peterson, G. L. (1991). Benefits of leisure. State College, PA, Venture Publishing, Inc. 483 google scholar
  • Eshun, G., Tichaawa, T. M., & Appiah, D. O. (2019). Towards a sustainable coastal tourism development in Ghana. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(4), 1-18. google scholar
  • Ghermandi, A., Van den Bergh, J. C. J. M., Brander, L. M., De Groot, H. L. F., & Nunes, P. A. L. D. (2015). The economic value of wetland conservation and creation: A meta-analysis. Water Resources Research, 51(12), 9493-9507. doi:10.1002/2015WR017224 google scholar
  • Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1-2), 1-12. google scholar
  • Jackie-Ong, L., & Smith, R. A. (2014) Perception and reality of managing sustainable coastal tourism in emerging destinations: the case of Sihanoukville, Cambodia, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22 (2), 256-278. Doi: 10.1080/09669582.2013.809091 google scholar
  • Jackson, E. L. (1994). Geographical aspects of constraints on leisure and recreation. Canadian Geographer/Le Geographe canadien, 38(2), 110-121. google scholar
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36. google scholar
  • Khairi, M., & Darmawan, D. (2021). The relationship between destination attractiveness, location, tourism facilities, and revisit intentions. Journal of Marketing and Business Research (MARK), 1(1), 39-50. google scholar
  • Koens, K., Postma, A., & Papp, B. (2018). Is overtourism overused? Understanding the impact of tourism in a city context. Sustainability, 10(12), 4384. google scholar
  • Lucrezi, S., & van der Walt, F. M. (2015). Beachgoers’ perceptions of sandy beach conditions: demographic and attitudinal influences, and the implications for beach ecosystem management. Journal Coastal Conservation, 20 (1), 81-96. Doi: 10.1007/s11852-015-0419-3 google scholar
  • Lucrezi, S., Saayman, M., & van der Merwe, P. (2016). An assessment tool for sandy beaches: a case for integrating beach description, human google scholar
  • dimension, and economic factors to identify priority management issues. Oceans and Coastal Management, 121 (1), 1-22. google scholar
  • Magura, T., Tothmeresz, B., & Molnar, T. (2010). Impacts of environmental factors on carabid assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a rural landscape. European Journal of Entomology, 107(4), 621-631. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2010.074 google scholar
  • Manning, R. E. (1985). Diversity in a democracy: Expanding the recreation opportunity spectrum. Leisure Sciences, 7(4), 377-399. google scholar
  • Manning, R. E. (2014). Research to guide management of outdoor recreation and tourism in parks and protected areas. Koedoe: African Protected Area Conservation and Science, 56(2), 1-7. google scholar
  • Mensah, I. (2021). Factors influencing visitors’ perceptions of beach quality at the Kokrobite Beach in Ghana. Tourism in Marine Environments, 16(2), 83-98. google scholar
  • Micallef, A., & Williams, A. (2009). Beach management: Principles and practice. Routledge. google scholar
  • Micallef, A., & Williams, A. T. (2002). Theoretical strategy considerations for beach management. Ocean & Coastal Management, 45(4-5), 261-275. google scholar
  • Morgan, R. (1999). Preferences and priorities of recreational beach users in Wales. Journal of Coastal Research, 15 (3), 653-667 google scholar
  • Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual - A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (3rd ed.). Maindehead: Open University Press google scholar
  • Papadopoulou, M. P., & Mimikou, M. A. (2019). Bathing water quality and human health risk assessment at coastal areas: The case of Attica, Greece. Science of The Total Environment, 667, 58-70. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.338 google scholar
  • Pascoe, E. (2019). Recreational beach use values with multiple activities. Ecological Economics, 160, 137 -144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.02.018 google scholar
  • Qiang, M., Shen M., & Xie H. (2019). Loss of tourism revenue induced by coastal environmental pollution: A length-of-stay perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16 (5), 118-223 google scholar
  • Saeedi, R., Mahvi, A. H., & Nabizadeh, R. (2019). Evaluation of environmental quality of the Tajan River using water quality indices. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(8), Article 485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7609-8 google scholar
  • Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students. Pearson Education Ltd: Harlow. google scholar
  • Stankey, G. H. (2020). The recreation opportunity spectrum and the limits of acceptable change planning systems: A review of experiences and lessons. Ecosystem Management, 173-188. google scholar
  • Su, L., Tang, B., & Nawijn, J. (2021). How tourism activity shapes travel experience sharing: Tourist well-being and social context. Annals of Tourism Research, 91, 103316. google scholar
  • Thomsen, J., Munch-Petersen, S., J0rgensen, A., & Baattrup-Pedersen, A. (2017). Application of benthic indices in Danish streams: Advantages and disadvantages. Ecological Indicators, 80, 40-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.04.043 google scholar
  • Tsagbey, S. A., Mensah, A.M., & Nunoo, F. K. E. (2009). Influence of tourist pressure on beach litter and microbial quality: Case study of two beach resorts in Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 15 (1), 13-23. google scholar
  • Tudor, D. T., & Williams, A. T. (2008). Important aspects of beach pollution to managers: Wales and the Bristol Channel, UK. Journal of Coastal Research, 243 (1992), 735-745. http://dx.doi.org/10. 2112/06-0727.1. google scholar
  • Ulrich, L., Pohl, E. A., Mubiana, V. K., & Odhiambo, J. (2017). Overcoming perceptions of risk in a World Heritage Site: The effects of safety, information, and environmental level on tourists’ willingness to visit. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 18, 1-11. doi:10.1016/j.jort.2017.01.001 google scholar
  • Vosoughi, M., Ataie-Ashtiani, B., & Hajrasuliha, S. (2021). Integrated environmental quality assessment of Hara biosphere reserve, Iran, using water and sediment quality indices. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(2), 1871-1887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10592-1 google scholar
  • Wilson, S. P., & Verlis, K. M. (2017). The ugly face of tourism: Marine debris pollution linked to visitation in the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 117(1-2), 239-246. google scholar
  • Wyles, K. J., Pahl, S., & Thompson, R. C. (2014). Perceived risks and benefits of recreational visits to the marine envi-ronment: Integrating impacts on the environment and impacts on the visitor. Oceans and Coastal Management, 88, 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.10.005 google scholar
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 51 - 65, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2024.10.1.1417595

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akyeampong, O. (2006). Tourism development in Ghana, 1957-2007. Legon Journal of Sociology, 3(2), 1-23. google scholar
  • Boyle, K. J. (2018). Environmental quality. In J. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed., Vol. 8, pp. 349-352). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.80040-5 google scholar
  • Brida, J. G., & Scuderi, R. (2013). Determinants of tourist expenditure: A review of microeconometric models. Tourism Management Perspectives, 6, 28-40. google scholar
  • Chen, J. S., Prebensen, N. K., & Uysal, M. S. (2018). Dynamic drivers of tourist experiences. In Creating experience value in tourism (pp. 11-20). Wallingford UK: CAB International. google scholar
  • Crawford, D. W., & Godbey, G. (1987). Reconceptualizing barriers to family leisure. Leisure sciences, 9(2), 119-127. google scholar
  • Creswell, J. W. (2014). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE publications. google scholar
  • Creswell, J. W. (2016). Reflections on the MMIRA the future of mixed methods task force report. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(3), 215-219. google scholar
  • Daher, B. T. (2018). Toward sustainable beach tourism: A multi-stakeholder analysis of recreational services at North Lebanon beaches. Tourism Management Perspectives, 27, 85-94. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2018.04.009 google scholar
  • Driver, B. L., Brown, P. J., & Peterson, G. L. (1991). Benefits of leisure. State College, PA, Venture Publishing, Inc. 483 google scholar
  • Eshun, G., Tichaawa, T. M., & Appiah, D. O. (2019). Towards a sustainable coastal tourism development in Ghana. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(4), 1-18. google scholar
  • Ghermandi, A., Van den Bergh, J. C. J. M., Brander, L. M., De Groot, H. L. F., & Nunes, P. A. L. D. (2015). The economic value of wetland conservation and creation: A meta-analysis. Water Resources Research, 51(12), 9493-9507. doi:10.1002/2015WR017224 google scholar
  • Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1-2), 1-12. google scholar
  • Jackie-Ong, L., & Smith, R. A. (2014) Perception and reality of managing sustainable coastal tourism in emerging destinations: the case of Sihanoukville, Cambodia, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22 (2), 256-278. Doi: 10.1080/09669582.2013.809091 google scholar
  • Jackson, E. L. (1994). Geographical aspects of constraints on leisure and recreation. Canadian Geographer/Le Geographe canadien, 38(2), 110-121. google scholar
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36. google scholar
  • Khairi, M., & Darmawan, D. (2021). The relationship between destination attractiveness, location, tourism facilities, and revisit intentions. Journal of Marketing and Business Research (MARK), 1(1), 39-50. google scholar
  • Koens, K., Postma, A., & Papp, B. (2018). Is overtourism overused? Understanding the impact of tourism in a city context. Sustainability, 10(12), 4384. google scholar
  • Lucrezi, S., & van der Walt, F. M. (2015). Beachgoers’ perceptions of sandy beach conditions: demographic and attitudinal influences, and the implications for beach ecosystem management. Journal Coastal Conservation, 20 (1), 81-96. Doi: 10.1007/s11852-015-0419-3 google scholar
  • Lucrezi, S., Saayman, M., & van der Merwe, P. (2016). An assessment tool for sandy beaches: a case for integrating beach description, human google scholar
  • dimension, and economic factors to identify priority management issues. Oceans and Coastal Management, 121 (1), 1-22. google scholar
  • Magura, T., Tothmeresz, B., & Molnar, T. (2010). Impacts of environmental factors on carabid assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a rural landscape. European Journal of Entomology, 107(4), 621-631. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2010.074 google scholar
  • Manning, R. E. (1985). Diversity in a democracy: Expanding the recreation opportunity spectrum. Leisure Sciences, 7(4), 377-399. google scholar
  • Manning, R. E. (2014). Research to guide management of outdoor recreation and tourism in parks and protected areas. Koedoe: African Protected Area Conservation and Science, 56(2), 1-7. google scholar
  • Mensah, I. (2021). Factors influencing visitors’ perceptions of beach quality at the Kokrobite Beach in Ghana. Tourism in Marine Environments, 16(2), 83-98. google scholar
  • Micallef, A., & Williams, A. (2009). Beach management: Principles and practice. Routledge. google scholar
  • Micallef, A., & Williams, A. T. (2002). Theoretical strategy considerations for beach management. Ocean & Coastal Management, 45(4-5), 261-275. google scholar
  • Morgan, R. (1999). Preferences and priorities of recreational beach users in Wales. Journal of Coastal Research, 15 (3), 653-667 google scholar
  • Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual - A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (3rd ed.). Maindehead: Open University Press google scholar
  • Papadopoulou, M. P., & Mimikou, M. A. (2019). Bathing water quality and human health risk assessment at coastal areas: The case of Attica, Greece. Science of The Total Environment, 667, 58-70. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.338 google scholar
  • Pascoe, E. (2019). Recreational beach use values with multiple activities. Ecological Economics, 160, 137 -144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.02.018 google scholar
  • Qiang, M., Shen M., & Xie H. (2019). Loss of tourism revenue induced by coastal environmental pollution: A length-of-stay perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 16 (5), 118-223 google scholar
  • Saeedi, R., Mahvi, A. H., & Nabizadeh, R. (2019). Evaluation of environmental quality of the Tajan River using water quality indices. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(8), Article 485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7609-8 google scholar
  • Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students. Pearson Education Ltd: Harlow. google scholar
  • Stankey, G. H. (2020). The recreation opportunity spectrum and the limits of acceptable change planning systems: A review of experiences and lessons. Ecosystem Management, 173-188. google scholar
  • Su, L., Tang, B., & Nawijn, J. (2021). How tourism activity shapes travel experience sharing: Tourist well-being and social context. Annals of Tourism Research, 91, 103316. google scholar
  • Thomsen, J., Munch-Petersen, S., J0rgensen, A., & Baattrup-Pedersen, A. (2017). Application of benthic indices in Danish streams: Advantages and disadvantages. Ecological Indicators, 80, 40-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.04.043 google scholar
  • Tsagbey, S. A., Mensah, A.M., & Nunoo, F. K. E. (2009). Influence of tourist pressure on beach litter and microbial quality: Case study of two beach resorts in Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, 15 (1), 13-23. google scholar
  • Tudor, D. T., & Williams, A. T. (2008). Important aspects of beach pollution to managers: Wales and the Bristol Channel, UK. Journal of Coastal Research, 243 (1992), 735-745. http://dx.doi.org/10. 2112/06-0727.1. google scholar
  • Ulrich, L., Pohl, E. A., Mubiana, V. K., & Odhiambo, J. (2017). Overcoming perceptions of risk in a World Heritage Site: The effects of safety, information, and environmental level on tourists’ willingness to visit. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 18, 1-11. doi:10.1016/j.jort.2017.01.001 google scholar
  • Vosoughi, M., Ataie-Ashtiani, B., & Hajrasuliha, S. (2021). Integrated environmental quality assessment of Hara biosphere reserve, Iran, using water and sediment quality indices. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(2), 1871-1887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10592-1 google scholar
  • Wilson, S. P., & Verlis, K. M. (2017). The ugly face of tourism: Marine debris pollution linked to visitation in the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 117(1-2), 239-246. google scholar
  • Wyles, K. J., Pahl, S., & Thompson, R. C. (2014). Perceived risks and benefits of recreational visits to the marine envi-ronment: Integrating impacts on the environment and impacts on the visitor. Oceans and Coastal Management, 88, 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.10.005 google scholar
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Beşeri Coğrafya (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Collins Dodzi Dzitse 0000-0002-5710-9686

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 17 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Dzitse, C. D. (2024). Exploring Recreational Activities on Ghanaian Beaches: A Socio-demographic Analysis. Journal of Tourismology, 10(1), 51-65. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2024.10.1.1417595
AMA Dzitse CD. Exploring Recreational Activities on Ghanaian Beaches: A Socio-demographic Analysis. Journal of Tourismology. Haziran 2024;10(1):51-65. doi:10.26650/jot.2024.10.1.1417595
Chicago Dzitse, Collins Dodzi. “Exploring Recreational Activities on Ghanaian Beaches: A Socio-Demographic Analysis”. Journal of Tourismology 10, sy. 1 (Haziran 2024): 51-65. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2024.10.1.1417595.
EndNote Dzitse CD (01 Haziran 2024) Exploring Recreational Activities on Ghanaian Beaches: A Socio-demographic Analysis. Journal of Tourismology 10 1 51–65.
IEEE C. D. Dzitse, “Exploring Recreational Activities on Ghanaian Beaches: A Socio-demographic Analysis”, Journal of Tourismology, c. 10, sy. 1, ss. 51–65, 2024, doi: 10.26650/jot.2024.10.1.1417595.
ISNAD Dzitse, Collins Dodzi. “Exploring Recreational Activities on Ghanaian Beaches: A Socio-Demographic Analysis”. Journal of Tourismology 10/1 (Haziran 2024), 51-65. https://doi.org/10.26650/jot.2024.10.1.1417595.
JAMA Dzitse CD. Exploring Recreational Activities on Ghanaian Beaches: A Socio-demographic Analysis. Journal of Tourismology. 2024;10:51–65.
MLA Dzitse, Collins Dodzi. “Exploring Recreational Activities on Ghanaian Beaches: A Socio-Demographic Analysis”. Journal of Tourismology, c. 10, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 51-65, doi:10.26650/jot.2024.10.1.1417595.
Vancouver Dzitse CD. Exploring Recreational Activities on Ghanaian Beaches: A Socio-demographic Analysis. Journal of Tourismology. 2024;10(1):51-65.