Physicochemical properties and morphological observations of selected local rice varieties in northern Afghanistan

Yıl 2018, , 99 - 103, 20.09.2018

Zubair Noori , Mohammad Wasif Mujadidi Mohammad Wasif Amin

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.18016

Cited By: 9

Öz

In this study, milled rice (Oryza sativa L.) samples of
local varieties (Sarda Barah, Garma Barah, Surkha Zurahti and Shah Lawangi) were procured from Kunduz province,
Afghanistan and check varieties (Koshihikari and Super Basmati) from Japan. We
conducted the research in the Laboratory of Crop
Science of Ibaraki University, Japan during
February in 2018, to clarify the physicochemical and morphological traits on
different local rice varieties. The
results demonstrated that local rice
varieties (Sarda Barah, Garma Barah, Surkha Zurahti and Shah Lawangi) from Afghanistan including Super
Basmati (Check) with long and slender grains, associated with significantly
higher grain amylose and protein contents of 22.9 and 8.1%, respectively, which
created in declined taste points. While, Koshihikari with short and medium
grain types demonstrated the lowest grain amylose and protein contents of 17.7
and 5.5%, respectively, which amplified grain taste point. The micrographs
observations revealed that there were no obvious alterations in the endosperm
of translucent grains across varieties. In contrast, the endosperm of chalky
grains in local rice varieties were differed
compared to check varieties (Super Basmati and Koshihikari), irregularly developed starch granules together with
single spherical shape and dent-portion on their surfaces with numerous airgaps
were observed due to high temperature. Such irregular arrangement leads in
lower grain weight and quality.    

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rice, Physicochemical properties, Grain morphology, Scanning electron microscope

Kaynakça

• Calingacion, M., Laborte, A., Nelson, A., Resurreccion, A., Concepcion, J. C., Daygon, V. D., Manful, J. (2014). Diversity of global rice markets and the science required for consumer-targeted rice breeding. Public Library of Science one, 9(1), e85106.
• Chen, J., Tang, L., Shi, P., Yang, B., Sun, T., Cao, W., Zhu, Y. (2017). Effects of short-term high temperature on grain quality and starch granules of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at post-anthesis stage. Protoplasma, 254(2), 935-943.
• FAO, (2017). Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations Rice Market Monitor. www.fao.org/economic/RMM.
• Gealy, D. R., Mitten, D. H., Rutger, J. N. (2003). Gene flow between red rice (Oryza sativa) and herbicide-resistant rice (O. sativa): implications for weed management. Weed Technology, 17(3), 627-645.
• Hassanzoy, N., Amekawa, Y., Isoda, H., Ito, S. (2017). The Characteristics of Rice Markets and Trade in Afghanistan: A Survey of the Major Commercial Rice Markets. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University, 62(2), 513-524.
• Hirai, Y., Yamada, T., Tsuda, M. (2003). Effect of Temperature at the Ripening Period on Dark Respiration and Dry Matter Production in Rice.-Comparison of the effects in the plants sown in pots at different times. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 72(4), 436-442.
• Hosoya, K. (2013). Analysis on the Occurrence of Chalky Rice Grain Taking into Consideration All of the Grains within a Panicle. Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture, 8(2), 127-131.
• ICARDA, (2011). International Center for Agricultural Research In the Dry Areas. https://apps.icarda.org/FOCUS-Afghanistan.pdf Irri, I. (2002). Standard evaluation system for rice. International Rice Research Institute, Philippine, 1-45.
• Ishimaru, T., Horigane, A. K., Ida, M., Iwasawa, N., San-oh, Y. A., Nakazono, M., Yoshida, M. (2009). Formation of grain chalkiness and changes in water distribution in developing rice caryopses grown under high-temperature stress. Journal of Cereal Science, 50(2), 166-174.
• Jing, Q., Spiertz, J. H. J., Hengsdijk, H., van Keulen, H., Cao, W., Dai, T. (2010). Adaptation and performance of rice genotypes in tropical and subtropical environments. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 57(2), 149-157.
• Juliano, B. O., Villareal, C. P. (1993). Grain quality evaluation of world rices. International Rice Research Institute, 1-91.
• Liu, J., Zhao, Q., Zhou, L., Cao, Z., Shi, C., Cheng, F. (2017). Influence of environmental temperature during grain filling period on granule size distribution of rice starch and its relation to gelatinization properties. Journal of Cereal Science, 76, 42-55.
• Masunaga, T., Kamidohzono, A., Nezam, A. W., Sadat, S. A. (2014). Paddy Soil Properties in Nangarhar Province, East Afghanistan. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ, 48(3), 299-306.
• Noori, Z., Kakar K., Fujii, T., Ji, B. (2017). Growth and yield characteristics of upland rice cultivar NERICA-4 grown under paddy field condition. International Journal of Agronomy and Agriculture Research. 10(5), 59-68.
• Rani, N. S., Pandey, M. K., Prasad, G. S. V., Sudharshan, I. (2006). Historical significance, grain quality features and precision breeding for improvement of export quality basmati varieties in India. Indian Journal of Crop Science, 1(1–2), 29-41.
• Saidajan, A. (2012). Effects of war on biodiversity and sustainable agricultural development in Afghanistan. Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture, 7(1), 9-13.
• Sarhadi, W. A., Ookawa, T., Yoshihashi, T., Madadi, A. K., Yosofzai, W., Oikawa, Y., Hirata, Y. (2009). Characterization of aroma and agronomic traits in Afghan native rice [Oryza sativa] cultivars. Plant Production Science (Japan).
• Shi, W., Yin, X., Struik, P. C., Solis, C., Xie, F., Schmidt, R. C., Jagadish, S. K. (2017). High day-and night-time temperatures affect grain growth dynamics in contrasting rice genotypes. Journal of Experimental Botany, 68(18): 5233-5245.
• Thomas, V., Ramzi, A. M. (2011). SRI contributions to rice production dealing with water management constraints in northeastern Afghanistan. Paddy and Water Environment, 9, 101–109.
• Tsukaguchi, T., Nitta, S., Matsuno, Y. (2016). Cultivar differences in the grain protein accumulation ability in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Field Crops Research, 192, 110-117.
• Vong, N. Q., Murata, Y. (1978). Studies on the Physiological Characteristics of C3 and C4 Crop Species II. The Effects of air temperature and solar radiation on the dry matters production of some crops. Japanese Journal of Crop Sciences, 47(1), 90-100.
• Wei, C., Kwon, O. Y., Liu, X. W., Kim, H. C., Yoon, W. K., Kim, H. M., Kim, M. R. (2007). Protein profiles of major Korean rice cultivars. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 12(2), 103-110.
• Xi, M., Zhao, Y., Lin, Z., Zhang, X., Ding, C., Tang, S., Ding, Y. (2016). Comparison of physicochemical characteristics between white-belly and white-core rice grains. Journal of Cereal Science, 69, 392-397.
• Zakaria, S., Matsuda, T., Tajima, S., Nitta, Y., (2002). Effect of high temperature at ripening stage on the reserve accumulation in seed in some rice cultivars. Plant Production Science 5, 160–168.