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Breaking the Anthropocentric Circle? Gary Snyder’s Struggle with Language in This Present Moment

Year 2025, Issue: 63, 11 - 24, 30.06.2025

Abstract

Gary Snyder has a profound impact on various facets of the American ecological movement. His work bridges ecological consciousness with Eastern philosophies, challenging dominant human-centered worldviews through his ecopoetic vision. In This Present Moment, Snyder highlights the themes of interconnectedness, biocentrism, and agency for all sentient beings. His poetics foreground the idea that human beings are embedded within the fabric of the Earth along with all other sentient beings; nevertheless, while his language is inevitably grounded in human semiotics, his poems strive to strip themselves of anthropocentric expression. Snyder utilizes sparse, unembellished diction that resists symbols and abstraction; that is, he seeks to reflect the rhythms and flow of nature beyond the boundaries of human perception and meaning. His ways of overcoming linguistic constraints create a space for non-human presences to speak for themselves or to be present without being appropriated through an anthropocentric lens. By exploring these themes in This Present Moment, this article aims to demonstrate how Snyder reconfigures the web of relations between humans and the non-human world by generating a poetic practice that welcomes reciprocity and resists domination. The purpose of this study is to trace how Snyder’s late poetry employs a biocentric mode of perceiving ecological relations and challenging human exceptionalism.

References

  • Ashton, Jennifer. “Periodizing Poetic Practice since 1945.” The Cambridge Companion to American Poetry since 1945, edited by Jennifer Ashton, Cambridge UP, 2013, pp. 1-16.
  • Davidson, Michael. “The San Francisco Renaissance.” The Cambridge Companion to American Poetry since 1945, edited by Jennifer Ashton, Cambridge UP, 2013, pp. 66-80.
  • Fredman, Stephen. “Mysticism: Neo-Paganism, Buddhism, and Christianity.” A Concise Companion to Twentieth-Century American Poetry, edited by Stephen Fredman, Blackwell Publishing, 2005, pp. 191-211.
  • Goodman, Nelson. Ways of Worldmaking. Hackett Publishing, 1978.
  • Middleton, Peter. “Poets and Scientists.” A Concise Companion to Twentieth-Century American Poetry, edited by Stephen Fredman, Blackwell Publishing, 2005, pp. 212-231.
  • Ricoeur, Paul. The Rule of Metaphor: The Creation of Meaning in Language. Translated by Robert Czerny, with Kathleen McLaughlin and John Costello, Routledge, 2003.
  • Selby, Nick. “Ecopoetries in America.” The Cambridge Companion to American Poetry since 1945, edited by Jennifer Ashton, Cambridge UP, 2013, pp. 127-143.
  • Snyder, Gary. “Little Songs for Gaia.” Axe Handles, North Point Press, 1983, pp. 47-59.
  • ---. “The Etiquette of Freedom.” The Practice of the Wild: Essays, North Point Press, 1990, pp. 3-24.
  • ---. This Present Moment: New Poems. Counterpoint Press, 2015.
  • Williams, Nerys. “Environment and Space.” Contemporary Poetry, 2011, pp. 133-171.

İnsanmerkezci Döngüyü Kırmak? Gary Snyder’ın Şimdiki Zaman'da (This Present Moment) Dille Mücadelesi

Year 2025, Issue: 63, 11 - 24, 30.06.2025

Abstract

Çağdaş Amerikan şiirinin önde gelen seslerinden biridir Gary Snyder. İlk olarak Beat Kuşağı ile ilişkilendirilen Snyder’ın şiir ve düz yazı külliyatı Amerikan ekolojik hareketinin bir çok alanını etkilemiştir. Snyder ekolojik farkındalık ile Doğu felsefelerini birleştirerek egemen insan-merkezli dünya görüşlerine, ekopoetik bir bakış açısı ile meydan okur. Şimdiki Zaman (This Present Moment) isimli şiir seçkisinde, tüm türlerin birbirine bağlılığı, biyosantrizm (yaşam merkezcilik) ve tüm duyarlı varlıklar için eylem gücünün önemi temaları öne çıkar. Snyder’ın şiirsel anlayışı insanın ve diğer tüm duyarlı varlıkların yeryüzünün hep birlikte bir parçası olduğu fikrini vurgular. Şiilerinde kullandığı dil kaçınılmaz olarak insana ait bir göstergebilime dayansa da, şiirlerini insan merkezli ifadelerden arındırmaya çalışır. Snyder doğanın ritmini ve akışını insan algısı ve anlamlandırma sınırlarının ötesinde yansıtmayı amaçladığı için, şiirlerinde semboller ve soyutlamalardan münkün olduğunca arınmış, sade, süssüz ve doğal bir dil kullanır. Bu şekilde, dilin sınırlarını aşmaya çalışırken insan olmayan diğer varlıkların kendilerini ifade edebilecekleri ya da insan-merkezli mercekten geçirilmeksizin var olabileceği bir alan yaratır. Bu çalışma Şimdiki Zaman (This Present Moment) isimli eserde bu temaları inceleyerek, Snyder’ın insanlar ile insan olmayan dünya arasındaki ilişki ağını yeniden nasıl kurguladığını, karşılıklılığı benimserken tahakküme direnen bir şiir pratiği geliştirdiğini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, Snyder’ın bu geç dönem şiir seçkisinde, biyosantrik bir yaklaşımı benimserken insan ayrıcalıklığına nasıl meydan okuduğunu analiz etmeyi hedeflemektedir.

References

  • Ashton, Jennifer. “Periodizing Poetic Practice since 1945.” The Cambridge Companion to American Poetry since 1945, edited by Jennifer Ashton, Cambridge UP, 2013, pp. 1-16.
  • Davidson, Michael. “The San Francisco Renaissance.” The Cambridge Companion to American Poetry since 1945, edited by Jennifer Ashton, Cambridge UP, 2013, pp. 66-80.
  • Fredman, Stephen. “Mysticism: Neo-Paganism, Buddhism, and Christianity.” A Concise Companion to Twentieth-Century American Poetry, edited by Stephen Fredman, Blackwell Publishing, 2005, pp. 191-211.
  • Goodman, Nelson. Ways of Worldmaking. Hackett Publishing, 1978.
  • Middleton, Peter. “Poets and Scientists.” A Concise Companion to Twentieth-Century American Poetry, edited by Stephen Fredman, Blackwell Publishing, 2005, pp. 212-231.
  • Ricoeur, Paul. The Rule of Metaphor: The Creation of Meaning in Language. Translated by Robert Czerny, with Kathleen McLaughlin and John Costello, Routledge, 2003.
  • Selby, Nick. “Ecopoetries in America.” The Cambridge Companion to American Poetry since 1945, edited by Jennifer Ashton, Cambridge UP, 2013, pp. 127-143.
  • Snyder, Gary. “Little Songs for Gaia.” Axe Handles, North Point Press, 1983, pp. 47-59.
  • ---. “The Etiquette of Freedom.” The Practice of the Wild: Essays, North Point Press, 1990, pp. 3-24.
  • ---. This Present Moment: New Poems. Counterpoint Press, 2015.
  • Williams, Nerys. “Environment and Space.” Contemporary Poetry, 2011, pp. 133-171.
There are 11 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects North American Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Buket Doğan 0000-0001-6847-645X

Submission Date April 11, 2025
Acceptance Date June 16, 2025
Early Pub Date June 30, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 63

Cite

MLA Doğan, Buket. “Breaking the Anthropocentric Circle? Gary Snyder’s Struggle With Language in This Present Moment”. Journal of American Studies of Turkey, no. 63, 2025, pp. 11-24.

JAST - Journal of American Studies of Turkey