Research Article

Where Poetry Becomes Resistance: A Comparative Analysis of Adrienne Rich and Chrystos

Number: 65 June 30, 2026
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Where Poetry Becomes Resistance: A Comparative Analysis of Adrienne Rich and Chrystos

Abstract

This article explores poetry’s performative function in creating Sapphic identities by means of focusing on Judith Butler’s theory of performativity. The poems of Adrienne Rich, a white American lesbian poet, and of Chrystos, a Native American lesbian poet, help analyze how gender is reflected in and politicized by poetry. This article highlights how gender and racial differences shape the poets’ performative styles through comparative analysis. As revealed by the findings, while both poets oppose heteronormativity, Adrienne Rich writes from a position of white privilege to reflect lesbian identity politically. In contrast, Chrystos reflects a two-spirited lesbian identity that not only resists heteronormative norms but also racial marginalization. The study concludes that poetry becomes a field of performativity to verbalize resistance and selfhood. The performative use of poetry and language thus becomes a means of challenging and reshaping the conventional concept of gender, and creating alternative identities through repeated poetic acts, including the reiteration of desire, the subversion of normative gendered language, and the articulation of embodied and racialized experience.

Keywords

Performativity, Sapphic poetry, Gender, Identity, Race

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project Number: 25239).

References

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APA
Solak, G. Z., & Karagöz Gümüşçubuk, Ö. (2026). Where Poetry Becomes Resistance: A Comparative Analysis of Adrienne Rich and Chrystos. Journal of American Studies of Turkey, 65, 53-65. https://izlik.org/JA88EU59US
AMA
1.Solak GZ, Karagöz Gümüşçubuk Ö. Where Poetry Becomes Resistance: A Comparative Analysis of Adrienne Rich and Chrystos. JAST. 2026;(65):53-65. https://izlik.org/JA88EU59US
Chicago
Solak, Gözde Zülal, and Özlem Karagöz Gümüşçubuk. 2026. “Where Poetry Becomes Resistance: A Comparative Analysis of Adrienne Rich and Chrystos”. Journal of American Studies of Turkey, nos. 65: 53-65. https://izlik.org/JA88EU59US.
EndNote
Solak GZ, Karagöz Gümüşçubuk Ö (June 1, 2026) Where Poetry Becomes Resistance: A Comparative Analysis of Adrienne Rich and Chrystos. Journal of American Studies of Turkey 65 53–65.
IEEE
[1]G. Z. Solak and Ö. Karagöz Gümüşçubuk, “Where Poetry Becomes Resistance: A Comparative Analysis of Adrienne Rich and Chrystos”, JAST, no. 65, pp. 53–65, June 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA88EU59US
ISNAD
Solak, Gözde Zülal - Karagöz Gümüşçubuk, Özlem. “Where Poetry Becomes Resistance: A Comparative Analysis of Adrienne Rich and Chrystos”. Journal of American Studies of Turkey. 65 (June 1, 2026): 53-65. https://izlik.org/JA88EU59US.
JAMA
1.Solak GZ, Karagöz Gümüşçubuk Ö. Where Poetry Becomes Resistance: A Comparative Analysis of Adrienne Rich and Chrystos. JAST. 2026;:53–65.
MLA
Solak, Gözde Zülal, and Özlem Karagöz Gümüşçubuk. “Where Poetry Becomes Resistance: A Comparative Analysis of Adrienne Rich and Chrystos”. Journal of American Studies of Turkey, no. 65, June 2026, pp. 53-65, https://izlik.org/JA88EU59US.
Vancouver
1.Gözde Zülal Solak, Özlem Karagöz Gümüşçubuk. Where Poetry Becomes Resistance: A Comparative Analysis of Adrienne Rich and Chrystos. JAST [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 1;(65):53-65. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA88EU59US