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Reframing the Multiculturalism Debates and Remapping American Studies

Yıl 1995, Sayı: 1, 3 - 18, 01.04.1995

Öz

The term "multiculturalism"--understood in very different ways by different people-- has been central to recent debates not only about the curriculum in American universities and secondary schools, but also in debates about national identity and prospects for the future. This paper offers an overview of these debates--what prompted them, and what shape they took in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Kaynakça

  • Abrahams, Roger. Singing the Master: The Emergence of African-American Culture in the Plantation South. New York: Pantheon, 1992.
  • Adamson, Joe. Bugs Bunny: Fifty Years and Only One Grey Hare. New York: Henry Holt, 1990.
  • Alexander, Adele Logan. Ambiguous Lives: Free Women of Color in Rural Georgia, 1789-1879. Fayetteville, Ark.: University of Arkansas Press, 1991.
  • Allen, Theodore W. The Invention of the White Race, Volume One. Racial Oppression and Social Control. London and New York: Verso, 1994.
  • Appiah, Kwame Anthony. In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  • Baker, Houston. Black Studies, Rap and the Academy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
  • Beard, Charles and Mary. The Rise of American Civilization [originally published in two volumes, 1927]. New York: MC, 1946.
  • Bloom, Allan. The Closing of the American Mind. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.
  • Blount, Roy, Jr. Roy Blount's Book of Southern Humor. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1994.
  • Boime, Albert. The Art of Exclusion: Representing Blacks in the Nineteenth Century. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.
  • Boyd, Melba Joyce. Discarded Legacy: Politics and Poetics in the Life of Frances E.W. Harper, 1825-1911. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1994.
  • Bradley, David. The Chaneysville Incident (1981) Rpt. New York: HR, Perennial Library Edition, 1990.
  • Brown, William Wells. Clotel, or The President's Daughter. [1853] In Three Classic African-American Novels. ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 45-223. New York: Random House, Vintage Classics, 1990.
  • Bruce, Dickson D., Jr. Archibald Grimke: Portrait of a Black Independent. Baton Rouge: Lousiana State University Press, 1994.
  • Condit, Celeste Michele and John Louis Lucaites. Crafting Inequality: America's Anglo-African World. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993.
  • Cromwell, Adelaide. The Other Brahmins: Boston's Black Upper Class, 1750- 1950. Fayetteville, Ark.: University of Arkansas Press, 1994.
  • Davis, Thadious. Nella Larsen: Novelist of the Harlem Renaissance: A Woman's Life Unveiled. Baton Rouge: Lousiana State University Press, 1994.
  • duCille, Ann. The Coupling Convention: Sex, Text and Black Women's Fiction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
  • Early, Gerald, ed. Lure and Loathing: Essays on Race, Identity and the Ambivalence of Assimilation. New York: Penguin Books, 1994.
  • Ely, Melvin Patrick. The Adventures of Amos 'n' Andy: A Social History of an American Phenomenon. New York: Free Press, 1991.
  • Fabre, Michel. Richard Wright: Books and Writers. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1990.
  • Fish, Stanley. There's No Such Thing as Free Speech ... And It's A Good Thing Too. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
  • Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. Was Huck Black? Mark Twain and the African-American Voices. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
  • Foster, Frances. Written by Herself: Literary Production by African-American Women, 1746-1892. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.
  • Frankenburg, Ruth. White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 1993.
  • Frazier, E. Franklin. Black Bourgeoisie. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1957. (New York editions 1962 and 1969).
  • Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Loose Canons: Notes from the Culture Wars. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  • Gatewood, Willard B. Aristocrats of Color: The Black Elite, 1880-1920. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.
  • Herskovits, Melville. The Myth of the Negro Past [1941]. Rpt. Boston: Beacon Press, 1985.
  • Holloway, Joseph E. ed. Africanisms in American Culture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.
  • Holloway, Joseph E. and Winifred K. Vass. The African Heritage of American English. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.
  • hooks, bell. Black Looks: Race and Representation. Boston: South End Press, 1992.
  • Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. [Philadelphia: J.B.Lippincott and Co., 1937] Rpt. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978.
  • Lauter, Paul. General Editor. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Second Edition. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1994.
  • Leon, Eli. Models in the Mind: African Prototypes in American Patchwork. (Exhibition Catalog). Winston-Salem, NC: The Diggs Gallery and Winston-Salem State University, 1992.
  • McElroy, Guy C. Facing History: The Black Image in American Art, 1710-1940. (Exhibition Catalogue). San Francisco: Bedford Arts; Washington, D.C.: Corcocan Gallery of Art, 1990.
  • Mercer, Kobena. Welcome to the Jungle: New Positions in Black Cultural Studies. New York and London: Routledge, 1994.
  • Morrison, Toni. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.
  • Mufwene, Salikoko and Nancy Condon. Africanisms in Afro-American Language Variations. Athens, GA: Georgia University Press, 1993.
  • Nielson, Aldon Lynn. Writing Between the Lines: Race and Intertextuality. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1994.
  • Piersen, William D. Black Legacy: America's Hidden African Heritage. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993.
  • Pietersen, Jan Nederveen. White on Black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western Popular Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
  • Race Traitor. 1 (Winter 1993).
  • -----. Towards the Abolition of Whiteness: Essays in Race, Politics, and Working Class History. London and New York: Verso, 1994.
  • -----. The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class. London and New York: Verso, 1991.
  • Sacks, Howard L. and Judith Rose. Way Up North in Dixie. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993.
  • Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society. New York: W.W. Norton, 1992.
  • Stuckey, Sterling. Going Through the Storm: The Influence of African American Art in History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
  • Sandquist, Eric. To Wake the Nations: Race in the Making of American Literature. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993.
  • Tate, Claudia. Domestic Allegories of Political Desire: The Black Heroine's Text at the Turn of the Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  • Thornton, John. Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
  • Twain, Mark [Samuel Clemens]. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn [1885]. ed. Walter Blair and Victor Fischer. The Mark Twain Library. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
  • -----. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court [1889]. ed. Bernard L. Stein. The Mark Twain Library. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.
  • -----. Life on the Mississippi [1883]. New York: Penguin, 1984.
  • Ware, Vron. Beyond the Pale: White Women, Racism and History. London and New York: Verso, 1994.
  • Warren, Kenneth. Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
  • Watkins, Mel.On the Real Side: Laughing, Lying and Signifying--the Underground Tradition of African-American Humor that Transformed American Culture from Slavery to Richard Pryor. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994.
  • Wood, Peter. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 Through the Stono Rebellion. New York: Knopf, 1975.
Yıl 1995, Sayı: 1, 3 - 18, 01.04.1995

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abrahams, Roger. Singing the Master: The Emergence of African-American Culture in the Plantation South. New York: Pantheon, 1992.
  • Adamson, Joe. Bugs Bunny: Fifty Years and Only One Grey Hare. New York: Henry Holt, 1990.
  • Alexander, Adele Logan. Ambiguous Lives: Free Women of Color in Rural Georgia, 1789-1879. Fayetteville, Ark.: University of Arkansas Press, 1991.
  • Allen, Theodore W. The Invention of the White Race, Volume One. Racial Oppression and Social Control. London and New York: Verso, 1994.
  • Appiah, Kwame Anthony. In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  • Baker, Houston. Black Studies, Rap and the Academy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
  • Beard, Charles and Mary. The Rise of American Civilization [originally published in two volumes, 1927]. New York: MC, 1946.
  • Bloom, Allan. The Closing of the American Mind. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.
  • Blount, Roy, Jr. Roy Blount's Book of Southern Humor. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1994.
  • Boime, Albert. The Art of Exclusion: Representing Blacks in the Nineteenth Century. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.
  • Boyd, Melba Joyce. Discarded Legacy: Politics and Poetics in the Life of Frances E.W. Harper, 1825-1911. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1994.
  • Bradley, David. The Chaneysville Incident (1981) Rpt. New York: HR, Perennial Library Edition, 1990.
  • Brown, William Wells. Clotel, or The President's Daughter. [1853] In Three Classic African-American Novels. ed. Henry Louis Gates, Jr., 45-223. New York: Random House, Vintage Classics, 1990.
  • Bruce, Dickson D., Jr. Archibald Grimke: Portrait of a Black Independent. Baton Rouge: Lousiana State University Press, 1994.
  • Condit, Celeste Michele and John Louis Lucaites. Crafting Inequality: America's Anglo-African World. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993.
  • Cromwell, Adelaide. The Other Brahmins: Boston's Black Upper Class, 1750- 1950. Fayetteville, Ark.: University of Arkansas Press, 1994.
  • Davis, Thadious. Nella Larsen: Novelist of the Harlem Renaissance: A Woman's Life Unveiled. Baton Rouge: Lousiana State University Press, 1994.
  • duCille, Ann. The Coupling Convention: Sex, Text and Black Women's Fiction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
  • Early, Gerald, ed. Lure and Loathing: Essays on Race, Identity and the Ambivalence of Assimilation. New York: Penguin Books, 1994.
  • Ely, Melvin Patrick. The Adventures of Amos 'n' Andy: A Social History of an American Phenomenon. New York: Free Press, 1991.
  • Fabre, Michel. Richard Wright: Books and Writers. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1990.
  • Fish, Stanley. There's No Such Thing as Free Speech ... And It's A Good Thing Too. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
  • Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. Was Huck Black? Mark Twain and the African-American Voices. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
  • Foster, Frances. Written by Herself: Literary Production by African-American Women, 1746-1892. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.
  • Frankenburg, Ruth. White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 1993.
  • Frazier, E. Franklin. Black Bourgeoisie. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1957. (New York editions 1962 and 1969).
  • Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Loose Canons: Notes from the Culture Wars. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  • Gatewood, Willard B. Aristocrats of Color: The Black Elite, 1880-1920. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.
  • Herskovits, Melville. The Myth of the Negro Past [1941]. Rpt. Boston: Beacon Press, 1985.
  • Holloway, Joseph E. ed. Africanisms in American Culture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.
  • Holloway, Joseph E. and Winifred K. Vass. The African Heritage of American English. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.
  • hooks, bell. Black Looks: Race and Representation. Boston: South End Press, 1992.
  • Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. [Philadelphia: J.B.Lippincott and Co., 1937] Rpt. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978.
  • Lauter, Paul. General Editor. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Second Edition. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1994.
  • Leon, Eli. Models in the Mind: African Prototypes in American Patchwork. (Exhibition Catalog). Winston-Salem, NC: The Diggs Gallery and Winston-Salem State University, 1992.
  • McElroy, Guy C. Facing History: The Black Image in American Art, 1710-1940. (Exhibition Catalogue). San Francisco: Bedford Arts; Washington, D.C.: Corcocan Gallery of Art, 1990.
  • Mercer, Kobena. Welcome to the Jungle: New Positions in Black Cultural Studies. New York and London: Routledge, 1994.
  • Morrison, Toni. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.
  • Mufwene, Salikoko and Nancy Condon. Africanisms in Afro-American Language Variations. Athens, GA: Georgia University Press, 1993.
  • Nielson, Aldon Lynn. Writing Between the Lines: Race and Intertextuality. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1994.
  • Piersen, William D. Black Legacy: America's Hidden African Heritage. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1993.
  • Pietersen, Jan Nederveen. White on Black: Images of Africa and Blacks in Western Popular Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
  • Race Traitor. 1 (Winter 1993).
  • -----. Towards the Abolition of Whiteness: Essays in Race, Politics, and Working Class History. London and New York: Verso, 1994.
  • -----. The Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class. London and New York: Verso, 1991.
  • Sacks, Howard L. and Judith Rose. Way Up North in Dixie. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993.
  • Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society. New York: W.W. Norton, 1992.
  • Stuckey, Sterling. Going Through the Storm: The Influence of African American Art in History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
  • Sandquist, Eric. To Wake the Nations: Race in the Making of American Literature. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993.
  • Tate, Claudia. Domestic Allegories of Political Desire: The Black Heroine's Text at the Turn of the Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  • Thornton, John. Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
  • Twain, Mark [Samuel Clemens]. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn [1885]. ed. Walter Blair and Victor Fischer. The Mark Twain Library. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
  • -----. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court [1889]. ed. Bernard L. Stein. The Mark Twain Library. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.
  • -----. Life on the Mississippi [1883]. New York: Penguin, 1984.
  • Ware, Vron. Beyond the Pale: White Women, Racism and History. London and New York: Verso, 1994.
  • Warren, Kenneth. Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
  • Watkins, Mel.On the Real Side: Laughing, Lying and Signifying--the Underground Tradition of African-American Humor that Transformed American Culture from Slavery to Richard Pryor. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994.
  • Wood, Peter. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 Through the Stono Rebellion. New York: Knopf, 1975.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Shelley Fisher Fishkin Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 1995
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 1995 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

MLA Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. “Reframing the Multiculturalism Debates and Remapping American Studies”. Journal of American Studies of Turkey, sy. 1, 1995, ss. 3-18.

JAST - Journal of American Studies of Turkey