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George Joachim Goschen and his mission to Constantinople as Special Ambassador (1880-1881)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 53 - 68, 20.01.2022

Öz

After a Whig victory in the elections of 1880, the political and social juncture reached a certain degree of stability and the Eastern Crisis became a formal question for British society and parliament. Without question, the general expectation as to the tasks of the Liberal Government was to criticise the legacy of Disraeli’s foreign policy towards the Ottoman Empire and taking new diplomatic steps. As British ambassador at Constantinople Austen Henry Layard, continuing the legacy of Stratford Canning had been the British Ambassador in Constantinople since the Ministry of Lord Palmerston and was considered as pro-Turkish policies. However, as one of the leading Liberal Unionists George Joachim Goschen’s special ambassadorship meant a turning point in British policies towards the Ottoman Porte. This study will identify the events of the period that can have meaningful effects for the future of Anglo-Ottoman relations.

Kaynakça

  • “Latest News”, the Daily Gazette, 3 June, 1880.
  • “The Daily Chronicle”, The Huddersfield Chronicle, 9 July, 1880.
  • “Turkey-Alleged Massacre of Bulgaria in Bulgaria-Question” Hansard Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons (HC) HC Deb 26 June 1876 vol. 230 cc424-6
  • “Turkey-Reported Deposition of the Late Sultan-Question” Hansard Parliamentary Debates, House of Lords (HL) HL Deb 30 May 1876 vol. 229 c1416
  • Bagot, Josceline. George Canning and his friends, Vol. II, London: John Murray, 1909.
  • Bayraktar, Kaya. “Archaeologist, Banker, Agent, Ambassador: Austen Henry Layard and Ottoman Territory’’, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12, No. 1, (2011): 281- 302.
  • Buckle, George Earl (ed.), Letters of Queen Victoria, 2nd series, vol.3, London: John Murray, 1931.
  • Elliot, Arthur Douglas. The life of George Joaschim Goschen, first viscount Goschen, 1831-1907, London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1911.
  • F.O: 78/3074 Granville to Goschen, very confidential, 10 June 1880, No. 71
  • Karpat, Kemal H. Studies on Ottoman Social and Political History, London: Library of Congress and Publishing Data, 2002.
  • Ković, Milos. Disraeli and the Eastern Question, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
  • Lane-Poole, Stanley. The Life of Right Honourable, Viscount Stratford De Redcliffe, vol II., London: Longmans & Green and co., 1888.
  • Matthew, Colin H. G. (ed.) the Gladstone Diaries with Cabinet Minutes and Prime-Ministerial Correspondence, vol. X, January 1881-January 1883, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.
  • Matthew, Colin H. G. Gladstone 1875-1898, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
  • Medlicott, W .N. Bismarck. Gladstone and the Concert of Europe, London: Greenwood Pub Group, 1956.
  • P.R.O, Granville Papers, Goschen to Granville, 2 July 1880, 30/29/188
  • Parry, Jonathan. Democracy and Religion Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867-1875, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
  • Ramm, Agatha. The political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville 1876-1880, vol. I, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962.
  • Salt, Jeremy. “Britain, the Armenian Question and the Cause of Ottoman Reform: 1894-96”, Middle Eastern Studies, 26, No. 3 (July, 1990): 308-328
  • Schumacher, Leslie R. “A “Lasting Solution”: The Eastern Question and British Imperialism, 1875-1878”, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Minnesota, July 2012.
  • Shannon, Richard T. Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation 1876, Great Britain: Robert Cunningham and Sons Ltd., Longbank Works, Alva, 1963.
  • Spinner, Thomas J. “George Joachim Goschen: The Man Lord Randolph Churchill “Forgot””, the Journal of Modern History, 39, No. 4 (December, 1967): 405-424.
  • Spinner, Thomas J. George Joachim Goschen the Transformation of a Victorian Liberal, Cambridge: At the University Press, 1973.
  • The National Archives (TNA), Foreign Office (FO) TNA: FO 78/178 To and from Mr S.Canning, January to August 1829, “Stratford Canning to Lord Aberdeen, 3 March 1829”.
  • TNA, Confidential, Earl Granville to Right Hon. G. J. Goschen, Foreign Office, 18 may 1880.
  • TNA, H. Layard to Lord Granville, 10 March 1880.
  • TNA, H. Layard to Lord Granville, Foreign Telegrams, 9 May 1880.
  • TNA: Confidential, Earl Granville to Right Hon. G. J. Goschen, Foreign Office, 18 May 1880, p. 4
  • TNA: Earl Granville to H. Layard, 15 May 1880.
  • TNA: Earl Granville to Layard, 6 May 1880, Foreign Telegrams.
  • TNA: G. Goschen to Lord Granville, 11 June 1880.
  • TNA: G. Goschen to Lord Granville, 14 June 1880.
  • TNA: H. Layard to Earl Granville, 11 May 1880.
  • TNA: H. Layard to Earl Granville, 28 May 1880.
  • TNA: Lord Granville to H. Layard, 10 May 1880.
  • Tokay, Gul. “Anglo-Ottoman relations and William Gladstone”, 318-333, accessed 1 September, 2021 , http://ebox.nbu.bg/hist12/ne3/5tokay.pdf
  • Woodhead, Christine. “England, the Ottomans and the Barbary Coast in the late sixteenth century”, State Papers Online, The Government of Britain 1509-1714, University of Durham,
  • Yasamee, Feroze A. K. Ottoman Diplomacy: Abdulhamid II and the Great Powers, Istanbul: Isis Press, 1996

George Joachim Goschen ve İstanbul’daki Özel Büyükelçiliği (1880-1881)

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 53 - 68, 20.01.2022

Öz

1880 seçimlerindeki Whig zaferinden sonra, siyasi ve sosyal dönüm noktası belirli bir istikrar derecesine ulaşmış ve Doğu Krizi İngiliz toplumu ve parlamentosu için resmi bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Şüphesiz ki Liberal Hükümetin görevlerine ilişkin genel beklenti, Disraeli'nin Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na yönelik dış politikasının mirasını eleştirmek ve yeni diplomatik adımlar atmaktı. İngiltere'nin İstanbul Büyükelçisi Austen Henry Layard, Lord Palmerston Bakanlığı'ndan itibaren Stratford Canning'in mirasını sürdürmekte ve Türk yanlısı politikalarıyla bilinmekteydi. Ancak önde gelen Liberal İttihatçılardan biri olan George Joachim Goschen'in İstanbul’daki özel büyükelçilik dönemi, İngilizlerin Babıâli’ye yönelik politikalarında bir dönüm noktası anlamına geliyordu. Bu çalışma, Osmanlı-İngiliz ilişkilerinin geleceği için anlamlı etkiler yaratabilecek bu dönemin olaylarını analiz edecektir.

Kaynakça

  • “Latest News”, the Daily Gazette, 3 June, 1880.
  • “The Daily Chronicle”, The Huddersfield Chronicle, 9 July, 1880.
  • “Turkey-Alleged Massacre of Bulgaria in Bulgaria-Question” Hansard Parliamentary Debates, House of Commons (HC) HC Deb 26 June 1876 vol. 230 cc424-6
  • “Turkey-Reported Deposition of the Late Sultan-Question” Hansard Parliamentary Debates, House of Lords (HL) HL Deb 30 May 1876 vol. 229 c1416
  • Bagot, Josceline. George Canning and his friends, Vol. II, London: John Murray, 1909.
  • Bayraktar, Kaya. “Archaeologist, Banker, Agent, Ambassador: Austen Henry Layard and Ottoman Territory’’, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12, No. 1, (2011): 281- 302.
  • Buckle, George Earl (ed.), Letters of Queen Victoria, 2nd series, vol.3, London: John Murray, 1931.
  • Elliot, Arthur Douglas. The life of George Joaschim Goschen, first viscount Goschen, 1831-1907, London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1911.
  • F.O: 78/3074 Granville to Goschen, very confidential, 10 June 1880, No. 71
  • Karpat, Kemal H. Studies on Ottoman Social and Political History, London: Library of Congress and Publishing Data, 2002.
  • Ković, Milos. Disraeli and the Eastern Question, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
  • Lane-Poole, Stanley. The Life of Right Honourable, Viscount Stratford De Redcliffe, vol II., London: Longmans & Green and co., 1888.
  • Matthew, Colin H. G. (ed.) the Gladstone Diaries with Cabinet Minutes and Prime-Ministerial Correspondence, vol. X, January 1881-January 1883, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.
  • Matthew, Colin H. G. Gladstone 1875-1898, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
  • Medlicott, W .N. Bismarck. Gladstone and the Concert of Europe, London: Greenwood Pub Group, 1956.
  • P.R.O, Granville Papers, Goschen to Granville, 2 July 1880, 30/29/188
  • Parry, Jonathan. Democracy and Religion Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867-1875, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
  • Ramm, Agatha. The political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville 1876-1880, vol. I, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962.
  • Salt, Jeremy. “Britain, the Armenian Question and the Cause of Ottoman Reform: 1894-96”, Middle Eastern Studies, 26, No. 3 (July, 1990): 308-328
  • Schumacher, Leslie R. “A “Lasting Solution”: The Eastern Question and British Imperialism, 1875-1878”, unpublished PhD thesis, University of Minnesota, July 2012.
  • Shannon, Richard T. Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation 1876, Great Britain: Robert Cunningham and Sons Ltd., Longbank Works, Alva, 1963.
  • Spinner, Thomas J. “George Joachim Goschen: The Man Lord Randolph Churchill “Forgot””, the Journal of Modern History, 39, No. 4 (December, 1967): 405-424.
  • Spinner, Thomas J. George Joachim Goschen the Transformation of a Victorian Liberal, Cambridge: At the University Press, 1973.
  • The National Archives (TNA), Foreign Office (FO) TNA: FO 78/178 To and from Mr S.Canning, January to August 1829, “Stratford Canning to Lord Aberdeen, 3 March 1829”.
  • TNA, Confidential, Earl Granville to Right Hon. G. J. Goschen, Foreign Office, 18 may 1880.
  • TNA, H. Layard to Lord Granville, 10 March 1880.
  • TNA, H. Layard to Lord Granville, Foreign Telegrams, 9 May 1880.
  • TNA: Confidential, Earl Granville to Right Hon. G. J. Goschen, Foreign Office, 18 May 1880, p. 4
  • TNA: Earl Granville to H. Layard, 15 May 1880.
  • TNA: Earl Granville to Layard, 6 May 1880, Foreign Telegrams.
  • TNA: G. Goschen to Lord Granville, 11 June 1880.
  • TNA: G. Goschen to Lord Granville, 14 June 1880.
  • TNA: H. Layard to Earl Granville, 11 May 1880.
  • TNA: H. Layard to Earl Granville, 28 May 1880.
  • TNA: Lord Granville to H. Layard, 10 May 1880.
  • Tokay, Gul. “Anglo-Ottoman relations and William Gladstone”, 318-333, accessed 1 September, 2021 , http://ebox.nbu.bg/hist12/ne3/5tokay.pdf
  • Woodhead, Christine. “England, the Ottomans and the Barbary Coast in the late sixteenth century”, State Papers Online, The Government of Britain 1509-1714, University of Durham,
  • Yasamee, Feroze A. K. Ottoman Diplomacy: Abdulhamid II and the Great Powers, Istanbul: Isis Press, 1996
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Fahriye Begum Yildizeli 0000-0001-6312-8405

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ocak 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Kasım 2021
Kabul Tarihi 13 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Yildizeli, Fahriye Begum. “George Joachim Goschen and His Mission to Constantinople As Special Ambassador (1880-1881)”. Journal of Anglo-Turkish Relations 3, sy. 1 (Ocak 2022): 53-68.

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