Public Perception Scale for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Scale Development Study
Abstract
The present study developed a valid and reliable scale to assess public perception towards unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The research population consisted of individuals aged 18 and above living in Turkey, and the study was conducted with 400 participants (n = 400). The items were designed using a five-point Likert-type scale to reflect participants’ opinions in detail. The item pool, created through a literature review, was submitted to the opinions of field experts and tested through a pilot application. The construct validity of the scale was explored using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the applicability of factor analysis was confirmed by the KMO and Bartlett’s tests. The obtained factor structure was further examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), supporting structural validity. Item factor loadings provided evidence for the scale’s structural validity, while the reliability of the instrument was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The study’s findings indicate that the UAV-PPS (Public Perception Scale towards Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), consisting of 25 items and a six-factor structure, demonstrates strong evidence of validity and reliability. Accordingly, the scale offers a comprehensive and structured tool for assessing public perception towards UAVs and can serve as a valuable reference for future academic and applied research.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
This study was reviewed by the Ethics Committee of Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research and Publication, Eskişehir Technical University and was found ethically appropriate with the decision dated December 30, 2024 (Approval No: 56841). The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
References
- Alhothali, G. T., Mavondo, F. T., Alyoubi, B. A. and Algethami, H. (2024). Consumer acceptance of drones for last-mile delivery in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 16 (13), 5621.
- Alsamarraie, M., Ghazali, F., Hatem, Z. M. and Flaih, A. Y. (2022). A review on the benefits, barriers of the drone employment in the construction site. Jurnal Teknologi, 84 (2), 121-131.
- Arğın, E. (2021). Algı, sosyal algı ve algı yönetiminin sosyal medyada kullanımı. İKSAD Printing Office. Malatya.
- Bahçıvan, S. (2024). Afet yönetiminde sosyal medya, insansız hava araçları (drone) ve diğer teknolojik araçların rolü. Strategic Public Management Journal, 10 (17), 175-193.
- Balcı, A. (1995). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma (17th ed.). Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
- Baştürk, S. and Taştepe, M. (2013). Evren ve örneklem. S. Baştürk (Ed.), Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. pp. 129- 159. Vize Publishing, Ankara.
- Budak, E. (2019). Teknolojik gelişmelerin habercilik uygulamaları üzerine etkileri: Türkiye’de drone haberciliği. Turkish Review of Communication Studies, (33), 119-139.
- Bulut, S. and Kırmızı, F. (2024). Dijital Okumaya İlişkin Algı Ölçeği (DOAÖ): Geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. Mediterranean Educational Research Journal, 18 (50), 1-140.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Air-Space Transportation
Journal Section
Research Article
Early Pub Date
February 26, 2026
Publication Date
February 26, 2026
Submission Date
September 23, 2025
Acceptance Date
February 24, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1
APA
Ön, M., & Savaş, T. (2026). Public Perception Scale for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Scale Development Study. Journal of Aviation, 10(1), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1789626
AMA
1.Ön M, Savaş T. Public Perception Scale for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Scale Development Study. JAV. 2026;10(1):32-43. doi:10.30518/jav.1789626
Chicago
Ön, Mert, and Tamer Savaş. 2026. “Public Perception Scale for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Scale Development Study”. Journal of Aviation 10 (1): 32-43. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1789626.
EndNote
Ön M, Savaş T (February 1, 2026) Public Perception Scale for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Scale Development Study. Journal of Aviation 10 1 32–43.
IEEE
[1]M. Ön and T. Savaş, “Public Perception Scale for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Scale Development Study”, JAV, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 32–43, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.30518/jav.1789626.
ISNAD
Ön, Mert - Savaş, Tamer. “Public Perception Scale for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Scale Development Study”. Journal of Aviation 10/1 (February 1, 2026): 32-43. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1789626.
JAMA
1.Ön M, Savaş T. Public Perception Scale for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Scale Development Study. JAV. 2026;10:32–43.
MLA
Ön, Mert, and Tamer Savaş. “Public Perception Scale for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Scale Development Study”. Journal of Aviation, vol. 10, no. 1, Feb. 2026, pp. 32-43, doi:10.30518/jav.1789626.
Vancouver
1.Mert Ön, Tamer Savaş. Public Perception Scale for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Scale Development Study. JAV. 2026 Feb. 1;10(1):32-43. doi:10.30518/jav.1789626