Assessment of Airport Resilience Factors with Fuzzy DEMATEL in Türkiye

Kısmet Cingöz

doi:10.30518/jav.1851295

Assessment of Airport Resilience Factors with Fuzzy DEMATEL in Türkiye

Abstract

Airports are critical transportation infrastructures whose ability to withstand, absorb, and recover from disruptive events has become increasingly important under growing operational, technological, and environmental uncertainties. This study aims to investigate the causal structure of airport resilience by identifying the key driving and dependent factors that shape system performance under disruption. To this end, a fuzzy DEMATEL approach is employed to analyse the interdependencies among fifteen resilience criteria encompassing infrastructure reliability, emergency preparedness, cybersecurity, organizational management, and recovery capability. The results reveal that backup power generation equipment and emergency response procedures for hazardous materials act as the most influential driving factors within the resilience system. In contrast, airport runway restoration operations in a timely manner runway, cybersecurity protection measures, and personnel-related operational performance are found to be predominantly affected by other criteria. The integrity of the safety management system emerges as the most prominent criterion in terms of overall system interaction, highlighting its central yet dependent role in integrating multiple resilience dimensions. Furthermore, cyber threat identification capability is identified as a balanced factor, functioning simultaneously as both a cause and an effect within the system.

Keywords

References

Amankwah-Amoah, J. (2020). Stepping up and stepping out of COVID-19: New challenges for environmental sustainability policies in the global airline industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 271, 123000.
Baglin, C. (2012). Airport climate adaptation and resilience 33. Transportation Research Board. Washington. 1- 87.
Bi, W., MacAskill, K., and Schooling, J. (2023). Old wine in new bottles? Understanding infrastructure resilience: Foundations, assessment, and limitations. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 120, 103793.
Briguglio, L., Cordina, G., Farrugia, N., and Vella, S. (2006). Conceptualizing and measuring economic resilience. Building the economic resilience of small states, Malta: Islands and Small States Institute of the University of Malta and London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 265-288.
Chang, B. Chang, C. W. and Wu, C. H. (2011). Fuzzy DEMATEL method for developing supplier selection criteria. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(3), 1850-1858.
Chang, Y. H., Shao, P. C., and Chen, H. J. (2015). Performance evaluation of airport safety management systems in Taiwan. Safety Science, 75, 72-86.
Clark, K. L., Bhatia, U., Kodra, E. A., and Ganguly, A. R. (2018). Resilience of the US national airspace system airport network. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19(12), 3785-3794.
Cunha, D. A., Andrade, M., Prado, L. A., Santana, L. O., and da Silv, M. P. G. (2021). RISK assessment in airport maintenance runway condition using MCDA-C. Journal of Air Transport Management, 90, 101948.

Çankaya, S. Y. (2021). Tedarik Zinciri İzlenebilirliğinin Önündeki Engellerin Dematel Yöntemiyle Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Research in Business, 6(2), 357-380.
Dahles, H., and Susilowati, T. P. (2015). Business resilience in times of growth and crisis. Annals of Tourism Research, 51, 34-50.
Demirbağ, O., Mumcu, A. Y., and Çakarel, T. Y. (2022). Beşeri ve sosyal sermayenin örgütsel dayaniklik üzerindeki etkisinde finansal sermayenin aracilik rolünün incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (49), 1-21.
Dube, K., Nhamo, G., and Chikodzi, D. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and prospects for recovery of the global aviation industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 92, 102022.
Ergün, N. and Bülbül, K. G. (2019). An assessment of factors affecting airport security services: an AHP approach and case in Turkey. Security Journal, 32(1), 20-44.
Gabus A. and Fontela E. (1972). World Problems An Invitation to Further Thought Within the Framework of DEMATEL, Switzerland Geneva: Battelle Geneva Research Centre.
Gu, Y., Wiedemann, M., Freestone, R., Rothe, H., and Stevens, N. (2024). The impacts of shock events on airport management and operations: A systematic literature review. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 27, 101182.
Guo, J., Tong, X., Yang, Y., Yuan, J. and Xu, S. (2025). Resilience Analysis of Airport Systems Based on Improved Bayesian Networks. International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, 18(1), 176.
Hillmann, J., and Guenther, E. (2021). Organizational resilience: a valuable construct for management research?. International journal of management reviews, 23(1), 7-44.
Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology And Systematics. 4. 1-23.
Hollnagel, E. (2014). Resilience engineering and the built environment. Building Research & Information, 42(2), 221-228.
Horton, R., Trump, B. D., Trump, J., Knowles, H. S., Linkov, I., Jones, P. and Kiker, G. (2025). Performance metrics for resilience of airport infrastructure. Transportation Research Part D: Transport And Environment, 142, 104676.
Hsu, C. C., Chang, H. C., Li, Y. C. and Liou, J. J. (2024). Developing an airport resilience assessment model for climate change. Journal of Air Transport Management, 119, 102646.
Huang, C. N., Liou, J. J., Lo, H. W. and Chang, F. J. (2021). Building an assessment model for measuring airport resilience. Journal of Air Transport Management, 95, 102101.
Huang, H. C., Huang, C. N., Lo, H. W. and Thai, T. M. (2023). Exploring the mutual influence relationships of international airport resilience factors from the perspective of aviation safety: using fermatean fuzzy DEMATEL approach. Axioms, 12(11), 1009.
Huang, J., and Wang, Y. (2017). Marine accident analysis based on organizational resilience. In 2017 4th International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety (ICTIS) (pp. 993-996). IEEE.
Ito, H., and Lee, D. (2005). Assessing the impact of the September 11 terrorist attacks on US airline demand. Journal of Economics and Business, 57, 75-95.
Janić, M. (2015). Modelling the resilience, friability and costs of an air transport network affected by a large- scale disruptive event. Transportation Research Part A, 71, 1-16.
Janić, M. (2022). Analysis and modelling of airport resilience, robustness, and vulnerability: impact of COVID- 19 pandemic disease. The Aeronautical Journal, 126(1305), 1924-1953.
Kabadayı, N., and Dağ, S. (2017). Bulanık dematel ve bulanık promethee yöntemleri ile kablo üretiminde makine seçimi. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(14), 239-260.
Kısa, C. G. and Perçin, S. (2017). Bütünleşik Bulanık DEMATEL-Bulanık VIKOR yaklaşımının makine seçimi problemine uygulanması. Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 12(48), 249-256.
Lin, C. L., and Wu, W. W. (2004). A fuzzy extension of the DEMATEL method for group decision making. European journal of Operational Research, 156(1), 445-455.
Lykou, G., Moustakas, D. and Gritzalis, D. (2020). Defending airports from UAS: A survey on cyber-attacks and counter-drone sensing technologies. Sensors, 20(12), 3537.
Madni, A. M., and Jackson, S. (2009). Towards a conceptual framework for resilience engineering. IEEE Systems Journal, 3(2), 181-191.
Opricovic, S. and Tzeng, G. H. (2003). Defuzzification within a multicriteria decision model. International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, 11(05), 635-652.
Organ, A. (2013). Bulanık Dematel yöntemiyle makine seçimini etkileyen kriterlerin değerlendirilmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(1), 157-172.
Özen, Y. D. Ö., and Koçak, A. (2017). Bulanık analitik hiyerarşi ve bulanık Dematel yöntemleri kullanılarak kurumsal kaynak planlaması yazılım seçimi ve değerlendirilmesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 24(3), 929-957.
Pan, S., Yan, H., He, J., and He, Z. (2021). Vulnerability and resilience of transportation systems: A recent literature review. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 581, 126235.
Pimm, S. L. (1984). The complexity and stability of ecosystems. Nature, 307(5949), 321-326.
Pishdar, M., Ghasemzadeh, F., Maskeliūnaitė, L., and Bražiūnas, J. (2019). The influence of resilience and sustainability perception on airport brand promotion and desire to reuse of airport services: The case of Iran airports. Transport, 34(5), 617-627.
Ponomarov, S. Y., and Holcomb, M. C. (2009). Understanding the concept of supply chain resilience. The international journal of logistics management, 20(1), 124-143.
Prihartanto, E., Rohman, M. A., and Wiguna, I. P. A. (2023). Assessment of airport conditions in resilience efforts: A review. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 429, p. 03001). EDP Sciences.
Saad, M. H., Hagelaar, G., Van Der Velde, G., and Omta, S. W. F. (2021). Conceptualization of SMEs’ business resilience: A systematic literature review. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1938347.
Serdar, M. Z., Koç, M., and Al-Ghamdi, S. G. (2022). Urban transportation networks resilience: indicators, disturbances, and assessment methods. Sustainable Cities and Society, 76, 103452.
Su, J., Wu, H., Tsui, K. W. H., Fu, X. and Lei, Z. (2023). Aviation resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of the European aviation market. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 177, 103835.
Sun, X., Gollnick, V., and Wandelt, S. (2017). Robustness analysis metrics for worldwide airport network: A comprehensive study. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 30(2), 500-512.
Sun, W., Bocchini, P., and Davison, B. D. (2020). Resilience metrics and measurement methods for transportation infrastructure: The state of the art. Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 5(3), 168-199.
Tamvakis, P., and Xenidis, Y. (2012). Resilience in transportation systems. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 48, 3441-3450.
Tukamuhabwa, B. R., Stevenson, M., Busby, J., and Zorzini, M. (2015). Supply chain resilience: definition, review and theoretical foundations for further study. International journal of production research, 53(18), 5592-5623.
Tzeng, G. H., Chiang, C. H., and Li, C. W. (2007). Evaluating intertwined effects in e-learning programs: A novel hybrid MCDM model based on factor analysis and DEMATEL. Expert Systems with Applications, 32(4), 1028- 1044.
Wallace, M., & Webber, L. (2017). The disaster recovery handbook: A step-by-step plan to ensure business continuity and protect vital operations, facilities, and assets. Amacom. USA, 1-551.
Wan, C., Yang, Z., Zhang, D., Yan, X., and Fan, S. (2018). Resilience in transportation systems: a systematic review and future directions. Transport reviews, 38(4), 479-498.
Wandelt, S., Zhang, A., and Sun, X. (2025). Global Airport Resilience Index: Towards a comprehensive understanding of air transportation resilience. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 138, 104522.
Wang, X., Chen, Z. and Li, K. (2022). Quantifying the Resilience Performance of Airport Flight Operation to Severe Weather. Aerospace, 9(7), 344.
Wieland, A., and Durach, C. F. (2021). Two perspectives on supply chain resilience. Journal of Business Logistics, 42(3), 315-322.
Woods, D. D. (2015). Four concepts for resilience and the implications for the future of resilience engineering. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 141, 5-9.
Yan, T., and Wang, Y. (2026). A Resilience Analysis Framework for Airport Runways Considering Offensive- Defensive Strategies. Journal of Infrastructure Intelligence and Resilience, 100183.
Yang, C. L., Yuan, B. J., and Huang, C. Y. (2015). Key determinant derivations for information technology disaster recovery site selection by the multi-criterion decision making method. Sustainability, 7(5), 6149-6188.
Yanıkoglu, Ö., Kılıç, S., and Üçler, Ç. (2024). Organizational resilience and the airline industry: a qualitative study. Journal of Research in Business, 9(2), 300-334.
Yüncü, V. (2021). Örgütsel dayanıklılık: Stratejik yönetim perspektifinden bir inceleme. İşletmelerde Dayanıklılık, Editör: Volkan Yüncü, Ekin Yayınevi, Bursa.
Zhang, Y., Wen, W. and Wang, L. (2024). Resilience assessment of airport aircraft area network operations under thunderstorm weather. Journal of Air Transport Management, 119, 102656.
Zhao, J. N., Shi, L. N., and Zhang, L. (2017). Application of improved unascertained mathematical model in security evaluation of civil airport. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 8(Suppl 3), 1989-2000.
Zhou, L. and Chen, Z. (2020). Measuring the performance of airport resilience to severe weather events. Transportation research part D: transport and environment, 83, 102362.
Zhou, Y., Wang, J., and Yang, H. (2019). Resilience of transportation systems: concepts and comprehensive review. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 20(12), 4262-4276.
Zhu, Y., Xie, K., Ozbay, K., Zuo, F., and Yang, H. (2017). Data-driven spatial modeling for quantifying networkwide resilience in the aftermath of hurricanes Irene and Sandy. Transportation research record, 2604(1), 9-18.
Zhu, Y., Tian, W., Jia, X. and Liu, Q. (2025). Optimizing firefighting resilience in airports through genetic algorithms and decision-making frameworks. Journal of Safety Science and Resilience, 6(2), 212-225.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Econometric and Statistical Methods

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Kısmet Cingöz ^*
0000-0002-6006-6760
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

February 27, 2026

Publication Date

February 27, 2026

Submission Date

December 29, 2025

Acceptance Date

February 2, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1851295

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA99AR84AK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Cingöz, K. (2026). Assessment of Airport Resilience Factors with Fuzzy DEMATEL in Türkiye. Journal of Aviation, 10(1), 176-189. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1851295

AMA

1.Cingöz K. Assessment of Airport Resilience Factors with Fuzzy DEMATEL in Türkiye. JAV. 2026;10(1):176-189. doi:10.30518/jav.1851295

Chicago

Cingöz, Kısmet. 2026. “Assessment of Airport Resilience Factors With Fuzzy DEMATEL in Türkiye”. Journal of Aviation 10 (1): 176-89. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1851295.

EndNote

Cingöz K (February 1, 2026) Assessment of Airport Resilience Factors with Fuzzy DEMATEL in Türkiye. Journal of Aviation 10 1 176–189.

IEEE

[1]K. Cingöz, “Assessment of Airport Resilience Factors with Fuzzy DEMATEL in Türkiye”, JAV, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 176–189, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.30518/jav.1851295.

ISNAD

Cingöz, Kısmet. “Assessment of Airport Resilience Factors With Fuzzy DEMATEL in Türkiye”. Journal of Aviation 10/1 (February 1, 2026): 176-189. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1851295.

JAMA

1.Cingöz K. Assessment of Airport Resilience Factors with Fuzzy DEMATEL in Türkiye. JAV. 2026;10:176–189.

MLA

Cingöz, Kısmet. “Assessment of Airport Resilience Factors With Fuzzy DEMATEL in Türkiye”. Journal of Aviation, vol. 10, no. 1, Feb. 2026, pp. 176-89, doi:10.30518/jav.1851295.

Vancouver

1.Kısmet Cingöz. Assessment of Airport Resilience Factors with Fuzzy DEMATEL in Türkiye. JAV. 2026 Feb. 1;10(1):176-89. doi:10.30518/jav.1851295