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Havalimanlarında Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Kullanılması

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 162 - 174, 24.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.695210

Öz

Hızla artan küresel enerji talebini karşılamak için alternatif enerji kaynakları arayışı artmakta ve mevcut fosil yakıtların yaydığı sera gazları küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliklerine neden olmaktadır. Enerji tüketimi oldukça fazla olan ve sera gazı emisyonuna katkısı tüm dünyada dikkat çeken havalimanı yerleşkelerinde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada havalimanlarında enerji maliyetlerini ve emisyonları azaltmak amacıyla yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanılma olanakları incelenmiştir. Havalimanlarında yenilenebilir enerji sistemi projelerinin karmaşıklığı, temel havacılık operasyonları üzerine etkileri, finansal, çevresel, sosyal, teknik ve operasyonel açıdan fizibil olup olmadığı, fırsatları, riskleri, zorlukları ve faydaları değerlendirilmiştir. Günümüzde dünyada yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları kullanan havalimanları incelenmiştir. Ülkemizde yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları kullanan havalimanlarının mevcut durumu değerlendirilmiş ve ülkemizde havalimanlarında yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanılmasının artırılması için öneriler de bulunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • [1] S. B. Barrett, P. M. DeVita, J. Kenfield, B. T. Jacobsen, and D. Y. Bannard, Developing a Business Case for Renewable Energy at Airports. Washington, ABD: Airport Cooperative Research Program, 2016.
  • [2] A. Costa, L. M. Blanes, C. Donnelly, and M. M. Keane, Review of EU Airport Energy Interests and Priorities with Respect to ICT Energy Efficiency and Enhanced Building Operation, 12th International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, 2012.
  • [3] S. O. Alba, “Characterization, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Demand Patterns in Airports,” The Unıversity of Cantabria, School of Industrial Engineering and Telecommunications, Ph.D. Thesis, 2017.
  • [4] M. Yılmaz, Ö. F. Yıldız, ve E. İmik, Havalimanlarında Enerji Tüketimi ve Enerji Verimliliği, 4th International Anatolian Energy Symposium, Edirne, Türkiye, 2018.
  • [5] Ö. F. Yıldız, M. Yılmaz, ve A. Çelik, Havalimanlarında Fotovoltaik Sistemlerin Kullanılması, 22th Congress of Thermal Sciences and Technology, Kocaeli, Türkiye, 2019.
  • [6] M. K. Akyüz, Ö. Altuntaş, M.Z. Söğüt, and T. H. Karakoç, Energy Efficiency and Energy Management in Airport, International Symposium on Sustainable Aviation, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2016.
  • [7] F. Giustozzi, E. Toraldo, and M. Crispino, “Recycled Airport Pavements for Achieving Environmental Sustainability: An Italian Case Study,” Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 68, 67-75, 2012.
  • [8] S. H. Kandemir, and M. Ö. Yaylı, “Chapter 2 Investigation of Renewable Energy Sources for Airports,” Sustainable Aviation: Energy and Environmental Issues, 11-16, 2016.
  • [9] S. Baek, H. Kim, and H. Y. Chang, “Optimal Hybrid Renewable Airport Power System: Empirical Study on Incheon International Airport, South Korea,” Sustainability, 8, 1-13, 2016.
  • [10] ICAO, A Focus on the Production of Renewable Energy at the Airport Site. Québec, Canada: International Civil Aviation Organization, 2017.
  • [11] IRENA, “IRENA.” https://www.irena.org/publications/2016/Jun/The-Power-to-Change-Solar-and-Wind-Cost-Reduction-Potential-to-2025. [Erişim Tarihi: 22-Şubat-2020].
  • [12] M. Radomska, L. Chernyak, and O. Samsoniuk, “Chapter 13 The Improvement of Energy-Saving Performance at Ukrainian Airports,” Advances in Sustainable Aviation, 189-203, 2018.
  • [13] T. L. DeVault, J. L. Belant, B. F. Blackwell, J. A. Martin, J. A. Schmidt, L. W. Burger, and J. W. Patterson, “Airports Offer Unrealized Potential for Alternative Energy Production,” Environmental Management, 49, 517-522, 2012.
  • [14] S. Shaw, C. Ferraro, T. Orcutt, G. Morrison, M. Stephens, S. Barrett, P. DeVita, and J. Cohen, Guidebook for Developing a Comprehensive Renewable Resources Strategy. Washington, ABD: Airport Cooperative Research Program, 2019.
  • [15] P. DeVita, and S. Barrett, Eugene Airport Solar Feasibility Study. Burlington , ABD: HMMH, Report No: 308220, 2018.
  • [16] C. D. Zomer, M. R. Costa, A. Nobre, and R. Rüther, “Performance Compromises of Building-Integrated and Building-Applied Photovoltaics (BIPV and BAPV) in Brazilian Airports,” Energy and Buildings, 66, 607-615, 2013.
  • [17] S. Barrett, and P. DeVita, Technical Guidance for Evaluating Selected Solar Technologies on Airports. Washington, ABD: Federal Aviation Administration, 2018.
  • [18] J. Wybo, “Large-Scale Photovoltaic Systems in Airports Areas: Safety Concerns,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21, 402-410, 2013.
  • [19] S. B. Barrett, P. M. DeVita, and R. L. Miller, Review of Solar Energy System Projects on Federally Obligated Airports. Washington, ABD: Federal Aviation Administration, 2013.
  • [20] A. Rowlings, “Sustainable Energy Options for the Future Airport Metropolis,” Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology, Master Thesis, 2016.
  • [21] A. Rowlings, and A. Walker, Sustainable Energy Options for the Future Airport Metropolis, 4th International Conference on Energy, Environment, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development, Algarve, Portugal, 2008.
  • [22] https://to70.com/dangerous-relationship-wind-turbines-aviation/. [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
  • [23] https://www.airsight.de/projects/item/wind-energy-and-aviation/. [Erişim Tarihi: 05-Şubat-2020].
  • [24] YEGM, “YEGM.” http://www.yegm.gov.tr/yenilenebilir/biyokutle_enerjisi.aspx. [Erişim Tarihi: 06-Şubat-2020].
  • [25] D. Ünlü, and N. D. Hilmioğlu, “Chapter 3 Review of Renewable Biofuels in the Aviation Sector,” Advances in Sustainable Aviation, 25-39, 2018.
  • [26] EİGM, “EIGM.”, https://www.eigm.gov.tr/tr-TR/Sayfalar/Jeotermal. [Erişim Tarihi: 06-Şubat-2020].
  • [27] A. Whiteman, D. Bannard, T. Smalinsky, I. Korovesi, J. Plante, and T. DeVault, Renewable Energy as an Airport Revenue Source. Washington, ABD: Airport Cooperative Research Program, 2015.
  • [28] M. K. Akyüz, Ö. Altuntaş, and M. Z. Söğüt, Investigation of Energy Drivers Effects Based on Energy Audit in Different Airports, International Symposium on Sustainable Aviation, Kiev, Ukranine, 2017.
  • [29] S. Sukumaran, and K. Sudhakar, “Fully Solar Powered Airport: A Case Study of Cochin International Airport,” Journal of Air Transport Management, 62, 176-188, 2017.
  • [30] M. K. Akyüz, “ Havalimanlarında Sürdürülebilir Enerji Yönetim Modeli,” Anadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2018.
  • [31] M. H. Banda, K. Nyeinga, and D. Okello, “Performance Evaluation of 830 kWp Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power Plant at Kamuzu International Airport-Malawi,” Energy for Sustainable Development, 51, 50-55, 2019.
  • [32] M. Mpholo, T. Nchaba, and M. Monese, “Yield and Performance Analysis of the First Grid-Connected Solar Farm at Moshoeshoe I International Airport, Lesotho,” Renewable Energy, 81, 845-852, 2015.
  • [33] ATAG, “AVIATIONBENEFİTS.” https://aviationbenefits.org/newswire/2019/09/over-200-european-airports-to-deliver-net-zero-co2-emissions-by-2050/. [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
  • [34] Havaalanı Elektrik Sistemleri. Ankara, Türkiye: Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü, 2017.
  • [35] C. R. Lau, J. T. Stromgren, and D. J. Green, Airport Energy Efficiency and Cost Reduction. Washington, ABD: Airport Cooperative Research Program, 2010.
  • [36] Ö. F. Yıldız, “Erzurum Havalimanı Terminal Binasının Enerji Analizi ve Net Sıfır Enerjili Bina Formuna Dönüştürülmesinin İncelenmesi,” Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2017.
  • [37] ACI, “AIRPORT-BUSINESS,” http://www.airport-business.com/2019/11/unlocking-renewable-energy-procurement-europes-airports/. [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
  • [38] BUSINESSGREEN, https://www.businessgreen.com/sponsored/3034979/renewable-electricity-helps-gatwick-airport-achieve-carbon-neutrality. [Erişim Tarihi: 08-Şubat-2020].
  • [39] S. Sukumaran, and K. Sudhakar, “Performance Analysis of Solar Powered Airport Based on Energy and Exergy Analysis,” Energy, 149, 1000-1009, 2018.
  • [40] WIKIPEDIA, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye%27deki_havaalanlar%C4%B1_listesi. [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
  • [41] https://www.enerjigunlugu.net/erzincan-havalimani-ges-uretime-gecti-35679h.htm. [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
  • [42] https://www.enerjigunlugu.net/antalya-havalimani-gunes-santrali-devrede-6963h.htm [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
  • [43] https://www.ecobuild.com.tr/post/2017/10/23/i%CC%87zmir-adnan-menderes-havaliman%C4%B1-leed-in-motion-transportation-raporunda-t%C3%BCm-d%C3%BCnyaya-%C3%B6rn [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].

Using Renewable Energy Sources in Airports

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 162 - 174, 24.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.695210

Öz

The search for alternative energy sources increases in order to meet the rapidly increasing global energy demand and greenhouse gases emitted by the existing fossil fuels cause global warming and climate changes. The use of renewable energy sources is very important in airport settlements, where energy consumption is very high and its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions is noteworthy all over the world. In this study, the possibilities of using renewable energy sources in order to reduce energy costs and emissions at airports were investigated. In addition, the complexity of renewable energy system projects at airports, their impact on aviation operations, whether they are financially, environmentally, socially, technically and operationally feasible, their opportunities, risks, challenges and benefits were evaluated. It was concluded that airports have significant opportunities/benefits in the use of renewable energy sources and the studies including technical and financial issues should be increased to benefit effectively from renewable energy sources at airports in Turkey.

Kaynakça

  • [1] S. B. Barrett, P. M. DeVita, J. Kenfield, B. T. Jacobsen, and D. Y. Bannard, Developing a Business Case for Renewable Energy at Airports. Washington, ABD: Airport Cooperative Research Program, 2016.
  • [2] A. Costa, L. M. Blanes, C. Donnelly, and M. M. Keane, Review of EU Airport Energy Interests and Priorities with Respect to ICT Energy Efficiency and Enhanced Building Operation, 12th International Conference for Enhanced Building Operations, Manchester, UK, 2012.
  • [3] S. O. Alba, “Characterization, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Demand Patterns in Airports,” The Unıversity of Cantabria, School of Industrial Engineering and Telecommunications, Ph.D. Thesis, 2017.
  • [4] M. Yılmaz, Ö. F. Yıldız, ve E. İmik, Havalimanlarında Enerji Tüketimi ve Enerji Verimliliği, 4th International Anatolian Energy Symposium, Edirne, Türkiye, 2018.
  • [5] Ö. F. Yıldız, M. Yılmaz, ve A. Çelik, Havalimanlarında Fotovoltaik Sistemlerin Kullanılması, 22th Congress of Thermal Sciences and Technology, Kocaeli, Türkiye, 2019.
  • [6] M. K. Akyüz, Ö. Altuntaş, M.Z. Söğüt, and T. H. Karakoç, Energy Efficiency and Energy Management in Airport, International Symposium on Sustainable Aviation, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2016.
  • [7] F. Giustozzi, E. Toraldo, and M. Crispino, “Recycled Airport Pavements for Achieving Environmental Sustainability: An Italian Case Study,” Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 68, 67-75, 2012.
  • [8] S. H. Kandemir, and M. Ö. Yaylı, “Chapter 2 Investigation of Renewable Energy Sources for Airports,” Sustainable Aviation: Energy and Environmental Issues, 11-16, 2016.
  • [9] S. Baek, H. Kim, and H. Y. Chang, “Optimal Hybrid Renewable Airport Power System: Empirical Study on Incheon International Airport, South Korea,” Sustainability, 8, 1-13, 2016.
  • [10] ICAO, A Focus on the Production of Renewable Energy at the Airport Site. Québec, Canada: International Civil Aviation Organization, 2017.
  • [11] IRENA, “IRENA.” https://www.irena.org/publications/2016/Jun/The-Power-to-Change-Solar-and-Wind-Cost-Reduction-Potential-to-2025. [Erişim Tarihi: 22-Şubat-2020].
  • [12] M. Radomska, L. Chernyak, and O. Samsoniuk, “Chapter 13 The Improvement of Energy-Saving Performance at Ukrainian Airports,” Advances in Sustainable Aviation, 189-203, 2018.
  • [13] T. L. DeVault, J. L. Belant, B. F. Blackwell, J. A. Martin, J. A. Schmidt, L. W. Burger, and J. W. Patterson, “Airports Offer Unrealized Potential for Alternative Energy Production,” Environmental Management, 49, 517-522, 2012.
  • [14] S. Shaw, C. Ferraro, T. Orcutt, G. Morrison, M. Stephens, S. Barrett, P. DeVita, and J. Cohen, Guidebook for Developing a Comprehensive Renewable Resources Strategy. Washington, ABD: Airport Cooperative Research Program, 2019.
  • [15] P. DeVita, and S. Barrett, Eugene Airport Solar Feasibility Study. Burlington , ABD: HMMH, Report No: 308220, 2018.
  • [16] C. D. Zomer, M. R. Costa, A. Nobre, and R. Rüther, “Performance Compromises of Building-Integrated and Building-Applied Photovoltaics (BIPV and BAPV) in Brazilian Airports,” Energy and Buildings, 66, 607-615, 2013.
  • [17] S. Barrett, and P. DeVita, Technical Guidance for Evaluating Selected Solar Technologies on Airports. Washington, ABD: Federal Aviation Administration, 2018.
  • [18] J. Wybo, “Large-Scale Photovoltaic Systems in Airports Areas: Safety Concerns,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21, 402-410, 2013.
  • [19] S. B. Barrett, P. M. DeVita, and R. L. Miller, Review of Solar Energy System Projects on Federally Obligated Airports. Washington, ABD: Federal Aviation Administration, 2013.
  • [20] A. Rowlings, “Sustainable Energy Options for the Future Airport Metropolis,” Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology, Master Thesis, 2016.
  • [21] A. Rowlings, and A. Walker, Sustainable Energy Options for the Future Airport Metropolis, 4th International Conference on Energy, Environment, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development, Algarve, Portugal, 2008.
  • [22] https://to70.com/dangerous-relationship-wind-turbines-aviation/. [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
  • [23] https://www.airsight.de/projects/item/wind-energy-and-aviation/. [Erişim Tarihi: 05-Şubat-2020].
  • [24] YEGM, “YEGM.” http://www.yegm.gov.tr/yenilenebilir/biyokutle_enerjisi.aspx. [Erişim Tarihi: 06-Şubat-2020].
  • [25] D. Ünlü, and N. D. Hilmioğlu, “Chapter 3 Review of Renewable Biofuels in the Aviation Sector,” Advances in Sustainable Aviation, 25-39, 2018.
  • [26] EİGM, “EIGM.”, https://www.eigm.gov.tr/tr-TR/Sayfalar/Jeotermal. [Erişim Tarihi: 06-Şubat-2020].
  • [27] A. Whiteman, D. Bannard, T. Smalinsky, I. Korovesi, J. Plante, and T. DeVault, Renewable Energy as an Airport Revenue Source. Washington, ABD: Airport Cooperative Research Program, 2015.
  • [28] M. K. Akyüz, Ö. Altuntaş, and M. Z. Söğüt, Investigation of Energy Drivers Effects Based on Energy Audit in Different Airports, International Symposium on Sustainable Aviation, Kiev, Ukranine, 2017.
  • [29] S. Sukumaran, and K. Sudhakar, “Fully Solar Powered Airport: A Case Study of Cochin International Airport,” Journal of Air Transport Management, 62, 176-188, 2017.
  • [30] M. K. Akyüz, “ Havalimanlarında Sürdürülebilir Enerji Yönetim Modeli,” Anadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2018.
  • [31] M. H. Banda, K. Nyeinga, and D. Okello, “Performance Evaluation of 830 kWp Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Power Plant at Kamuzu International Airport-Malawi,” Energy for Sustainable Development, 51, 50-55, 2019.
  • [32] M. Mpholo, T. Nchaba, and M. Monese, “Yield and Performance Analysis of the First Grid-Connected Solar Farm at Moshoeshoe I International Airport, Lesotho,” Renewable Energy, 81, 845-852, 2015.
  • [33] ATAG, “AVIATIONBENEFİTS.” https://aviationbenefits.org/newswire/2019/09/over-200-european-airports-to-deliver-net-zero-co2-emissions-by-2050/. [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
  • [34] Havaalanı Elektrik Sistemleri. Ankara, Türkiye: Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü, 2017.
  • [35] C. R. Lau, J. T. Stromgren, and D. J. Green, Airport Energy Efficiency and Cost Reduction. Washington, ABD: Airport Cooperative Research Program, 2010.
  • [36] Ö. F. Yıldız, “Erzurum Havalimanı Terminal Binasının Enerji Analizi ve Net Sıfır Enerjili Bina Formuna Dönüştürülmesinin İncelenmesi,” Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2017.
  • [37] ACI, “AIRPORT-BUSINESS,” http://www.airport-business.com/2019/11/unlocking-renewable-energy-procurement-europes-airports/. [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
  • [38] BUSINESSGREEN, https://www.businessgreen.com/sponsored/3034979/renewable-electricity-helps-gatwick-airport-achieve-carbon-neutrality. [Erişim Tarihi: 08-Şubat-2020].
  • [39] S. Sukumaran, and K. Sudhakar, “Performance Analysis of Solar Powered Airport Based on Energy and Exergy Analysis,” Energy, 149, 1000-1009, 2018.
  • [40] WIKIPEDIA, https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye%27deki_havaalanlar%C4%B1_listesi. [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
  • [41] https://www.enerjigunlugu.net/erzincan-havalimani-ges-uretime-gecti-35679h.htm. [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
  • [42] https://www.enerjigunlugu.net/antalya-havalimani-gunes-santrali-devrede-6963h.htm [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
  • [43] https://www.ecobuild.com.tr/post/2017/10/23/i%CC%87zmir-adnan-menderes-havaliman%C4%B1-leed-in-motion-transportation-raporunda-t%C3%BCm-d%C3%BCnyaya-%C3%B6rn [Erişim Tarihi: 04-Şubat-2020].
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uzay Mühendisliği
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Ömer Faruk Yıldız 0000-0002-5748-112X

Mehmet Yılmaz 0000-0001-5025-1842

Adem Çelik Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-7155-7880

Edip İmik Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2755-6733

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Şubat 2020
Kabul Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, Ö. F., Yılmaz, M., Çelik, A., İmik, E. (2020). Havalimanlarında Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Kullanılması. Journal of Aviation, 4(1), 162-174. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.695210

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