Evaluation of Changes in The Hematological Parameters, Lipid Profile and Depressive Symptoms Before and After Smoking Cessation Treatment

Year 2019, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 170 - 176, 01.09.2019

Fatma Dağıstan Ruhuşen Kutlu

https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.2019.723

Abstract

Introduction: Tobacco dependence is a cluster of behavioural, cognitive, and physiological phenomena. We aimed to investigate the changes in the hematological parameters, lipid profile and depressive symptoms before and after smoking cessation.Methods: In this intervention study, 150 cases admitted to the clinic to quit smoking and stopped smoking for at least three months were investigated. All participants have received motivational interview and appropriate medical treatment varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy . We designed the study to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoking on some biochemical markers and depressive symptoms.Results: Motivational interviews were conducted on all participants, and 68,7% n = 103 were treated with varenicline, 19,3% n=29 with bupropion and 12% n=18 with nicotine replacement therapy NRT . There was a statistically significant relationship between the treatment method and the smoking cessation duration p=0.002 . Cessation period was longer in the group using varenicline. After quitting smoking, the Beck Depression Scores BDS decreased significantly p

Keywords

Smoking cessation, hematological parameters, lipid profile, depression

References

• The health consequences of smoking: A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta. GA: Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Office of Smoking and Health. Available from: http:/www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/20669512. Accessed 30.02.2018.
• World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2013 [Updated 2013; cited 2014 Oct 30]. Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/2013/en/ Accessed 20.01.2018.
• Global adult tobacco survey, Ankara, Turkey 2012 [cited 2018 Jan 30]. Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/survey/ gats/report_tur_2012.pdf?ua=1
• Zevin S, Saunders S, Gourlay SG, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Cardiovascular effects of carbon monoxide and cigarette smoking. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:1633-8. [CrossRef]
• Benowitz NL. Cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology and implications for treatment. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003;46:91-111.
• Attard R, Dingli P, Doggen CJM, Cassar K, Farrugia R, Wettinger SB. The impact of passive and active smoking on inflammation, lipid profile and the risk of myocardial infarction. Open Heart. 2017;4:e000620. [CrossRef]
• Steiropoulos P, Papanas N, Nena E, Xanthoudaki M, Goula T, Froudarakis M, Pita E, Maltezos E, Bouros D. Mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in patients with chronic obstructivepulmonary disease: the role of comorbidities. Angiology. 2013;64:535-9. [CrossRef]
• Malenica M, Prnjavorac B, Bego T, Dujic T, Semiz S, Skrbo S, Gusic A, Hadzic A, Causevic A. Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Haematological Parameters in Healthy Population. Med Arch 2017;71:132-136. [CrossRef]
• Brown C, Madden PA, Palenchar DR, Cooper-Patrick L.The association between depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking in an urban primary care sample. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2000;30:15-26. [CrossRef]
• Balfour DJ, Ridley DL. The effects of nicotine on neural pathways implicated in depression: a factor in nicotine addiction? Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2000;66:79-85. [CrossRef]
• Fagerstrom KO, Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT. Nicotine addiction and its assessment. Ear Nose Throat J. 1990;69:763-65.
• Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561-71. [CrossRef]
• Komiyama M, Shimada S, Wada H, Yamakage H, Satoh-Asahara N, Shimatsu A, Akao M, Morimoto T, Takahashi Y, Hasegawa K. Time- dependent Changes of Atherosclerotic LDL Complexes after Smoking Cessation. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2016;23:1270-1275. [CrossRef]
• Vizioli L, Muscari S, Muscari A. The relationship of mean platelet volume with the risk and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:1509-15. [CrossRef]
• FitzGerald GA, Oates JA, Nowak J. Cigarette smoking and hemostatic function. Am Heart J. 1988;115(1 pt 2):267-271. [CrossRef] Hung J, Lam JY, Lacoste L, Letchacovski G. Cigarette smoking acutely increases platelet thrombus formation in patients with coronary artery disease taking aspirin. Circulation. 1995;92:2432-2436 [CrossRef]
• Kario K, Matsuo T, Nakao K. Cigarette smoking increases the mean platelet volume in elderly patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis. Clin Lab Haematol 1992;14:281–7. [CrossRef]
• Takajo Y, Ikeda H, Haramaki N, Murohara T, Imaizumi T. Augmented oxidative stress of platelets in chronic smokers. Mechanisms of impaired platelet-derived nitric oxide bioactivity and augmented platelet aggregability. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:1320-7. [CrossRef]
• Lowe G, Rumley A, Norrie J, Ford L, Shepherd J, Cobbe S, et al. Blood rheology, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease: The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study; Thromb Haemost 2000;84:553-8.
• Kawada T. Smoking-induced leukocytosis can persist after cessation of smoking. Arch Med Res 2004;35:246-50. [CrossRef]
• Von Eckardstein A, Nofer JR, Assmann G. High density lipoproteins and arteriosclerosis: Role of cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:13-27. [CrossRef]
• Kutlu R, Demirbas N. The effects of smoking on platelet count, mean platelet volume and cardiovascular risk factors: A Case-control Study. Med Bull Haseki 2018;55:299-305. [CrossRef]
• Lu P, Hu D, Lu J, Wang W, Chen B. The association between uric acid and coronary heart disease. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2002;41:526-9.
• Zabłocka-Słowińska K, Porębska I, Gołecki M, Kosacka M, Pawełczyk K, Pawlik-Sobecka L, Zarębska K, Grajeta H. Contemp Oncol (Pozn). Total antioxidant status in lung cancer is associated with levels of endogenous antioxidants and disease stage rather than lifestyle factors – preliminary study 2016;20:302-7. [CrossRef]
• Brown C, Madden PA, Palenchar DR, Cooper-Patrick L. The association between depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking in an urban primary care sample. Int J Psychiatry Med 2000;30:15-26. [CrossRef]
• Devkota B, Salas J, Garfield L. Increased Risk of Major Depression With Early Age of Exposure to Cigarettes. Am J Prev Med 2016;51:933-938. [CrossRef]
• Unsal A, Tözün, M. Relationship between smoking and depression among adult men in a rural area in west of Turkey. TAF Prev Med Bull 2014;13:273–80. [CrossRef]
• Morita H, Ikeda H, Haramaki N, Eguchi H, Imaizumi T. Only two-week smoking cessation improves platelet aggregability and intraplatelet redox imbalance of long-term smokers. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:589-94. [CrossRef]
• Marakoglu K, Cetin-Kargin N, Ucar RM, Kizmaz M. Evaluation of pharmacologic therapies accompanied by behavioural therapy on smoking cessation success: a prospective cohort study in Turkey. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2017;27:227–233. [CrossRef]