The Effect of a Training Program Based on the Health Belief Model on Elementary School Students’ Behaviors toward Preventing Playground Accidents: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 206 - 216, 27.01.2022

Bennur Koca Aynur Uysal Toraman

https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1012817

Öz

Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of a training program developed based on the health belief model (HBM) on elementary school students’ behaviors towards the prevention of playground accidents.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out from September 2016 to June 2017. Elementary school students were randomly assigned into an intervention group (n = 62) and a control group (n = 62). Data were collected using a Sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, Injury behavior checklist and Injury attitudes questionnaire (IAQ). HBM based playground accidents prevention training program applied as four sessions.
Results: Participation in the training program reduced the mean scores obtained from the fate subscale and injury risk scores of the intervention group, increased their mean scores for the vulnerability / severity and preventability subscales (p < 0.05). The mean scores of the intervention from Injury Behavior risk significantly decreased in comparison to the control group. The power of the present study was found to be high in all the subscales of the IAQ and injury risk assessment.
Conclusions: The training program based on the HBM effective as a scientific guide for helping students achieve behavioral changes by evaluating their attitudes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

playground accidents, elementary school, prevention, school nurse

Kaynakça

• 1. Morrongiello BA, Kane A. An evaluation of the cool 2 be safe program: an evidence-based community-disseminated program to positively impact children’s beliefs about injury risk on playgrounds. Prevention Science. 2015;16(1): 61–69.
• 2. Olsen K, Kennedy E. Safety of School Playgrounds: Field Analysis From a Randomized Sample. The Journal of School Nursing. 2019; 1-7.
• 3. Adelson SL, Chounthirath T, Hodges NL, Collins CL, Smith GA. Pediatric Playground-Related Injuries Treated in Hospital Emergency Departments in the United States. Clinical Pediatrics. 2018; 57(5):584-592.
• 4. Huynh HT, Demeter NE, Burke RV, Upperman JS. The Role of Adult Perceptions and Supervision Behavior in Preventing Child Injury. J Community Health. 2018, 42: 649-655.
• 5. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2015. Available at:. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/. Accessed September 2, 2019.
• 6. Suminski R, Presley T, Wasserman JA, McClain E, Johnson M. Playground Safety is Associated With Playground, Park, and Neighborhood Characteristics. J Phys Act Health. 2015;12(3):402-8.
• 7. Kılınç E, Gür K. The Effect of Health Belief Model Based Initiatives in Preventing School Injuries. HSP. 2018;5(3), 467-475.
• 8. Zhang LL, Wang SM, Dalal K. Injury related risk behaviour: A health belief model-based study of primary school students in a safe community in shanghai. Plos One. 2013; 8:1
• 9. Gözüm S, Çapık CA. Guide to the development of health behaviors: the Health Belief Model. Dokuz Eylül University Nursing Faculty Journal. 2014;7:230-237.
• 10. Cao ZJ, Chen Y, Wang SM. Health belief model based evaluation of school health education programme for injury prevention among high school students in the community context. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:26.
• 11. Farhadi Z, Roshanaei G, Bashirian S, Rezapur-Shahkolai F. The effect of an educational program on school ınjury prevention in junior high school students of famenin based on the health belief model. J Educ Community Health. 2014;1(3):1-11.
• 12. Gottwald M, Goodman-Brown J. Health Belief Model. A Guide To Practical Health Promotion. 1nd ed. England, McGraw-Hill Educatio;2012, p. 73-78.
• 13. Gür K, Yıldız A. Students in the school accident validity and reliability of knowledge and behavior scale for security measures. Maltepe University Journal of Nursing Science and Art. 2009;2(1):10-21.
• 14. Speltz ML, Gonzales N, Sulzbacher S, Quan L. Assessment of injury risk in young children: a preliminary study of injury behavior checklist. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1990;15:373- 383.
• 15. Morrongiello BA, Kane A, McArthur BA, Bell M. Physical risk taking in elementary- school children: Measurement and emotion regulation issues. Personality and Individual Differences. 2012;52,492–496.
• 16. Potts R, Martinez IG, Dedmon A, Schwarz L, Dilillo D, Swisher L. Brief report: cross-validation of the Injury Behavior Checklist in a school-age sample. J Pediatr Psychol. 1999;22(4):533-540.
• 17. Uysal A, Ergül Ş, Ardahan M. Injury risk in pre-school children. Ege University Nursing School Journal. 2008;24:105-114.
• 18. Koca B, Uysal Toraman A. The Validity and Reliability Analyses of the Turkish form of Injury Attitudes Questionnaire for School Children. Dokuz Eylül University nursing faculty of electronic journals. 2019;12(1):57-76.
• 19. Carpenter CJ. A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of health belief model variables in predicting behavior. Health Communication. 2010;25(8):661–669.
• 20. Garnett GP, Cousens S, Hallett TB, Steketee R. Walker N. Mathematical models in the evaluation of health programmes. Lancet. 2011;378(9790):515–525.
• 21. Webb TL, Sniehotta FF, Michie S. Using theories of behaviour change to inform interventions for addictive behaviours. Addiction. 2010;105(11):1879–1892.
• 22. Ergün S, Kalkım A, Dolgun E. Child-to-child training for prevention of school ınjuries in odemis, Turkey. The Journal of School Nursing. 2012;29:337-342.
• 23. Kane A. Evaluation of Cool 2 Be Safe: A Community-Based Intervention Program to Promote Positive Attitudes Towards Less Risky Play on Playgrounds in School-Age Children.2012. A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph, Canada.
• 24. Morrongiello BA, Matheis S. Addressing The Issue of Falls off Playground Equipment: An Empirically-Based Intervention to Reduce Fall-Risk Behaviors on Playgrounds. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2007;32: 819–830.
• 25. Lovejoy S, Weiss JM, Epps HR, Zionts LE, Gaffney J. Preventable childhood injuries. J. Pediatric. Orthopaedics. 2012;32:736–742.
• 26. Simpson JC, Nicholls J. Preventing unintentional childhood injury at home: Injury circumstances and interventions. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. 2012;19:141–151.
• 27. Mutto, M., Lawoko, Stephen., Ovuga, Emilio., & Svanstrom, L. Childhood and adolescent injuries in elementary schools in north-western uganda: extent, risk and associated factors. International Journal Of Injury Control And Safety Promotion. 2012;19(4), 357-367.
• 28. Hoyt WT. Del Re AC. Effect size calculation in meta-analyses of psychotherapy outcome research. Psychother Res. 2018;28(3):379-388.
• 29. Capık C. Examining statistical powers in articles published in a nursing journal. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2013;16(3):170-17.
• 30. Prajapati B, Dunne M, Armstrong R. Sample size estimation and statistical power analyses. Optometry Today. 2010;16(07):10-18.