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Determining factors affecting schoolchildren's attitudes towards injury: a cross-sectional study

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 116 - 127, 27.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.996481

Öz

Purpose: Accidents and injuries in childhood are a common public health problem worldwide. The preventable and unintentional injury rates are high, especially in children who spend most of their time at school. The purpose of this study is to determine schoolchildren's attitudes towards injury and factors affecting these attitudes.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled students from Turkish elementary schools. Data were collected using the sociodemographic characteristics data form and the Injury Attitudes Questionnaire for School Children (IAQ).
Results: The mean fate subscale scores of the children whose mothers were primary school graduates were significantly higher than those whose mothers were university graduates, and the mean preventability subscale scores of the children whose fathers were university or high school graduates were significantly higher than those whose fathers were primary school graduates (p < 0.05). The mean fate subscale scores of the children who were injured three or more times and injured once or twice in the last month were significantly higher than those not injured at all (p < 0.05). The preventability subscale scores of children who had a nuclear family type were significantly higher than those who had an extended family (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: It was determined that the rates of children's injuries at school were high. Children’s attitudes towards injury were associated with the level of parents’ education, family type, and frequency of injuries. Parents and school management should be better informed by school health nurses to prevent injuries of children.

Kaynakça

  • 1. The United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME). Levels & trends in child mortality: Report 2020. https://childmortality.org/files_v22/download/UNIGME%20Total%205to14%20database.xlsx Accessed September 1, 2021.
  • 2. Harvey A, Towner E, Peden M, Soori H, Bartolomeos K. Injury prevention and the attainment of child and adolescent health. Bull World Health Organ. 2009;87(5):390–394.
  • 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. National action plan for child injury prevention. Atlanta (GA): CDC, NCIPC; 2012. https://www.cdc.gov/safechild/pdf/National_Action_Plan_for_Child_Injury_Prevention-a.pdf Accessed December 12, 2020.
  • 4. European Association for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion (EuoSafe). Injuries in the European Union, Summary of injury statistics for the years 2012-2014. Amsterdam 2016. https://www.eurosafe.eu.com/uploads/inline-files/EuropeSafe_Master_Web_02112016%20%282%29.pdf Accessed December 5, 2020.
  • 5. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. İstatistiklerle Çocuk, 2018. 2019; Sayı: 30708. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Cocuk-2018-30708 Accessed April 4, 2020.
  • 6. Gür K, Kılınç E, Günaydın E, Gülsün H. The epidemiology of injury among adolescents with hearing loss, health beliefs regarding injury and associated factors. Disabil Health J. 2020;100994 (Advance online publication). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100994
  • 7. Gyllencreutz L, Rolfsman E, Frånberg GM, Saveman BI. Injury risks during outdoor play among Swedish schoolchildren: teachers’ perceptions and injury preventive practices. Education 3-13. 2020;48(1):1-11.
  • 8. Chen YC, Wang YH, Shiau YC, Wang YJ. Preventing campus accidents among disabled students. Artif Life Robotics. 2015;20:1-6.
  • 9. Güner T. The social security aspect of school accidents (injuries). The Journal of Academic Social Science. 2016;32:391-412.
  • 10. Hu H, Gao J, Jiang H, Xing P. A comparative study of unintentional injuries among schooling left-behind, migrant and residential children in China. Int J Equity Health. 2018;17:Article number:47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0767-3
  • 11. Erkal S, Yertutan C. Çocukların okulda kaza geçirme durumu ve okulda kaza geçirmelerini önlemeye yönelik ebeveyn davranışlarının incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar E-Dergisi, 2010;1-11. http://www.sdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr/makaleler/sibelerkalcananyertutan.pdf
  • 12. Ergün S, Kalkım A, Dolgun E. Child-to-child training for prevention of school injuries in Odemis, Turkey. J Sch Nurs. 2013;29(5):337–342.
  • 13. Mutto M, Lawoko S, Ovuga E, Svanstrom L. Childhood and adolescent injuries in elementary schools in north-western Uganda: extent, risk and associated factors. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2012;19(4):357–367.
  • 14. Salminen S, Kurenniemi M, Raback M, Markkula J, Lounamaa A. School environment and school injuries. Front Public Health. 2014;1:76. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00076
  • 15. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı Refik Saydam Hıfzıssıhha Merkezi Başkanlığı Hıfzıssıhha Mektebi Müdürlüğü. Sağlık hizmetlerinde okul sağlığı kitabı. 2008;yayın no. SB-HM-2007-17. http://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/okulsagligi.pdf Accessed April 4, 2020.
  • 16. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. Okulda sağlığın korunması ve geliştirilmesi programı uygulama kılavuzu. 2017. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/cocuk_ergen_db/dokumanlar/Uygulama_Klavuzu.pdf Accessed April 4, 2020.
  • 17. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. Hemşirelik Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik. Resmi Gazete. Tarih: 19 Nisan 2011;Sayı: 27910). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/04/20110419-5.htm Accessed April 4, 2020.
  • 18. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı. Milli Eğitim istatistikleri örgün eğitim 2019/’20. http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_09/04144812_meb_istatistikleri_orgun_egitim_2019_2020.pdf Accessed April 4, 2020.
  • 19. Koca B, Uysal Toraman A. Okul Çocuklarına Yönelik Yaralanma Tutum Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2019;12(1):57-66.
  • 20. Akçay D, Yıldırımlar A. Çocukların okul ortamında kaza geçirme ve güvenlik önlemlerine yönelik ebeveyn davranışlarının incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2018;11(1):48-55.
  • 21. Alkhamis KN, Abdulkader RS. Assessment of unintentional childhood injuries and associated factors in the pediatric clinics of a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family & Community Medicine. 2020;27(3):168-77.
  • 22. Dönmez H, Çalışkan C, Arberk OK, Ünlü H, Küçük Biçer B, Özcebe H. Türkiye’de 7-14 yaş grubu çocuklarda yaralanmalara ilişkin bir değerlendirme. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2018;4:236-242.
  • 23. Gao C, Chai P, Lu J, Wang H, Li L, Zhou X. Probing the psychosocial correlates of unintentional injuries among grade-school children: a comparison of urban and migrant students in China. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2019;28(6):1713-1723.
  • 24. Kelishadi R, Jari M, Qorbani M, et al. Association of socio-economic status with injuries in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV study. Int J Pediatr. 2016;4(5) Serial No.29:1715-24.
  • 25. Kılınç E, Gür K. Behaviours of adolescents towards safety measures at school and in traffic and their health beliefs for injuries. Int J Nurs Pract. 2020;26(5):e12861.
  • 26. Ozkan O. Incidence and outcomes of school-based injuries during four academic years in Kocaeli, Turkey. Pediatr Int. 2016;58(8):732–739.
  • 27. Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Unintentional injuries and socio-psychological correlates among school-going adolescents in four ASEAN countries. Int J Gen Med. 2019;12:263–271.
  • 28. Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Unintentional injuries and socio-psychological correlates among school-going adolescents in Mozambique. Vulnerable Child Youth Stud. 2020;15(1):32-39.
  • 29. Zaghloul AM, El-masry AE, Emara M, et al. Prevalence, patterns of injuries and associated risk factors among primary school pupils in Port Said City. Medicine Updates. 2020;2(2):55-70.
  • 30. Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu V. Biyoistatistik. 18. baskı. Ankara: Hatipoğlu yayıncılık; 2017.
  • 31. Kane A, Morrongiello B. Evaluation of Cool 2 Be Safe: A Community-Based Intervention Program to Promote Positive Attitudes Towards Less Risky Play on Playgrounds in School-Age Children. A thesis presented to the University of Guelph; 2012. THESIS_write_up_-FINAL_SUBMITTED_-_Aug_13_2012.pdf
  • 32. Al Zeedi MAS, Al Waaili LH, Al Hakmani FM, Al Busaidi AM. Incidence of School-related Injuries among Students in A'Dakhiliyah Governorate Schools, Oman. Oman Med J. 2020;35(3):127. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2020.45
  • 33. Altuntaş M, Kaya M, Demir Ş, et al. 0-14 Yaş arası çocuklarda önlenebilir nitelikteki kazaların belirlenmesi ve ilişkili tedbirlerin alınması. Smyrna Tıp Dergisi. 2013;1:28-33.
  • 34. Çelik İnanç D, Uğur Baysal S, Çoşgun L, Taviloğlu K, Ünüvar E. Çocukluk çağı yaralanmalarında hazırlayıcı nedenler. Türk Ped Araş. 2008;43:84-88.
  • 35. Senterre C, Dramaix M, Levêque A. Epidemiology of School-Related Injuries in Belgium. A Better Knowledge for a Better Prevention. Open J Prev Med. 2014;4:408-420.
  • 36. Yin X, Li D, Zhu K, et al. Comparison of intentional and unintentional injuries among Chinese children and adolescents. J Epidemiol. 2020;30(12):529–536.
  • 37. Denny VC, Cassese JS, Jacobsen KH. Nonfatal injury incidence and risk factors among middle school students from four Polynesian countries: The Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, and Tonga. Injury. 2016;47(5):1135–1142.
  • 38. Morrongiello BA, Corbett MR, Kane A. A measure that relates to elementary school children's risk of injury: the supervision attributes and risk-taking questionnaire (SARTQ). Inj Prev. 2011;17(3):189–194.
  • 39. Al-Hajj S, Nehme R, Hatoum F, Zheng A, Pike I. Child school injury in Lebanon: A study to assess injury incidence, severity and risk factors. PLoS One. 2020;15(6):e0233465.
  • 40. Zagel AL, Cutler GJ, Linabery AM, Spaulding AB, Kharbanda AB. Unintentional injuries in primary and secondary schools in the United States, 2001-2013. J Sch Health. 2019;89(1):38–47.
  • 41. Doğan Y. İlköğretim çağındaki 10-14 yaş grubu öğrencilerinin gelişim özellikleri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2007;8(13):155-187.
  • 42. İnce T, Yalçın S, Yurdakök K. Parents’ attitudes and adherence to unintentional injury prevention measures in Ankara, Turkey. Balkan Med J. 2017;34(4):335-342.
  • 43. Miškulin I, Kretić V, Berlančić T, Pavlović N, Orkić Ž, Miškulin M. Risk factors and injury characteristics among younger school children. Food in Health and Disease, Scientific-Professional Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2018;10(Special edition):99-106.
  • 44. Mohammed AM, Mohammed IS, Hassan NH. Self-injury behavior: manifestations and risk factors in school-aged children in Assuit Governorate. Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal. 2020;18(1):24-31.
  • 45. Santagati G, Vezzosi L, Angelillo IF. Unintentional injuries in children up to six years of age and related parental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in Italy. J Pediatr. 2016;177:267-272.
  • 46. Tian L, Liu M, Li L, et al. Knowledge for unintentional injury and risky behavior among the school-age children in Changsha city of China. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2016;41(7):741–749.
  • 47. Bahadır GB, Oral A, Güven A. Çocukluk çağı travmaları ve önlenmesinde koruyucu hekimliğin rolü. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2011;10(2):243-250.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 116 - 127, 27.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.996481

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1. The United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME). Levels & trends in child mortality: Report 2020. https://childmortality.org/files_v22/download/UNIGME%20Total%205to14%20database.xlsx Accessed September 1, 2021.
  • 2. Harvey A, Towner E, Peden M, Soori H, Bartolomeos K. Injury prevention and the attainment of child and adolescent health. Bull World Health Organ. 2009;87(5):390–394.
  • 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. National action plan for child injury prevention. Atlanta (GA): CDC, NCIPC; 2012. https://www.cdc.gov/safechild/pdf/National_Action_Plan_for_Child_Injury_Prevention-a.pdf Accessed December 12, 2020.
  • 4. European Association for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion (EuoSafe). Injuries in the European Union, Summary of injury statistics for the years 2012-2014. Amsterdam 2016. https://www.eurosafe.eu.com/uploads/inline-files/EuropeSafe_Master_Web_02112016%20%282%29.pdf Accessed December 5, 2020.
  • 5. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. İstatistiklerle Çocuk, 2018. 2019; Sayı: 30708. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Cocuk-2018-30708 Accessed April 4, 2020.
  • 6. Gür K, Kılınç E, Günaydın E, Gülsün H. The epidemiology of injury among adolescents with hearing loss, health beliefs regarding injury and associated factors. Disabil Health J. 2020;100994 (Advance online publication). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100994
  • 7. Gyllencreutz L, Rolfsman E, Frånberg GM, Saveman BI. Injury risks during outdoor play among Swedish schoolchildren: teachers’ perceptions and injury preventive practices. Education 3-13. 2020;48(1):1-11.
  • 8. Chen YC, Wang YH, Shiau YC, Wang YJ. Preventing campus accidents among disabled students. Artif Life Robotics. 2015;20:1-6.
  • 9. Güner T. The social security aspect of school accidents (injuries). The Journal of Academic Social Science. 2016;32:391-412.
  • 10. Hu H, Gao J, Jiang H, Xing P. A comparative study of unintentional injuries among schooling left-behind, migrant and residential children in China. Int J Equity Health. 2018;17:Article number:47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0767-3
  • 11. Erkal S, Yertutan C. Çocukların okulda kaza geçirme durumu ve okulda kaza geçirmelerini önlemeye yönelik ebeveyn davranışlarının incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar E-Dergisi, 2010;1-11. http://www.sdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr/makaleler/sibelerkalcananyertutan.pdf
  • 12. Ergün S, Kalkım A, Dolgun E. Child-to-child training for prevention of school injuries in Odemis, Turkey. J Sch Nurs. 2013;29(5):337–342.
  • 13. Mutto M, Lawoko S, Ovuga E, Svanstrom L. Childhood and adolescent injuries in elementary schools in north-western Uganda: extent, risk and associated factors. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 2012;19(4):357–367.
  • 14. Salminen S, Kurenniemi M, Raback M, Markkula J, Lounamaa A. School environment and school injuries. Front Public Health. 2014;1:76. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00076
  • 15. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı Refik Saydam Hıfzıssıhha Merkezi Başkanlığı Hıfzıssıhha Mektebi Müdürlüğü. Sağlık hizmetlerinde okul sağlığı kitabı. 2008;yayın no. SB-HM-2007-17. http://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/okulsagligi.pdf Accessed April 4, 2020.
  • 16. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. Okulda sağlığın korunması ve geliştirilmesi programı uygulama kılavuzu. 2017. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/cocuk_ergen_db/dokumanlar/Uygulama_Klavuzu.pdf Accessed April 4, 2020.
  • 17. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. Hemşirelik Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik. Resmi Gazete. Tarih: 19 Nisan 2011;Sayı: 27910). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/04/20110419-5.htm Accessed April 4, 2020.
  • 18. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı. Milli Eğitim istatistikleri örgün eğitim 2019/’20. http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_09/04144812_meb_istatistikleri_orgun_egitim_2019_2020.pdf Accessed April 4, 2020.
  • 19. Koca B, Uysal Toraman A. Okul Çocuklarına Yönelik Yaralanma Tutum Ölçeği’nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2019;12(1):57-66.
  • 20. Akçay D, Yıldırımlar A. Çocukların okul ortamında kaza geçirme ve güvenlik önlemlerine yönelik ebeveyn davranışlarının incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2018;11(1):48-55.
  • 21. Alkhamis KN, Abdulkader RS. Assessment of unintentional childhood injuries and associated factors in the pediatric clinics of a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Family & Community Medicine. 2020;27(3):168-77.
  • 22. Dönmez H, Çalışkan C, Arberk OK, Ünlü H, Küçük Biçer B, Özcebe H. Türkiye’de 7-14 yaş grubu çocuklarda yaralanmalara ilişkin bir değerlendirme. Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2018;4:236-242.
  • 23. Gao C, Chai P, Lu J, Wang H, Li L, Zhou X. Probing the psychosocial correlates of unintentional injuries among grade-school children: a comparison of urban and migrant students in China. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 2019;28(6):1713-1723.
  • 24. Kelishadi R, Jari M, Qorbani M, et al. Association of socio-economic status with injuries in children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV study. Int J Pediatr. 2016;4(5) Serial No.29:1715-24.
  • 25. Kılınç E, Gür K. Behaviours of adolescents towards safety measures at school and in traffic and their health beliefs for injuries. Int J Nurs Pract. 2020;26(5):e12861.
  • 26. Ozkan O. Incidence and outcomes of school-based injuries during four academic years in Kocaeli, Turkey. Pediatr Int. 2016;58(8):732–739.
  • 27. Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Unintentional injuries and socio-psychological correlates among school-going adolescents in four ASEAN countries. Int J Gen Med. 2019;12:263–271.
  • 28. Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Unintentional injuries and socio-psychological correlates among school-going adolescents in Mozambique. Vulnerable Child Youth Stud. 2020;15(1):32-39.
  • 29. Zaghloul AM, El-masry AE, Emara M, et al. Prevalence, patterns of injuries and associated risk factors among primary school pupils in Port Said City. Medicine Updates. 2020;2(2):55-70.
  • 30. Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu V. Biyoistatistik. 18. baskı. Ankara: Hatipoğlu yayıncılık; 2017.
  • 31. Kane A, Morrongiello B. Evaluation of Cool 2 Be Safe: A Community-Based Intervention Program to Promote Positive Attitudes Towards Less Risky Play on Playgrounds in School-Age Children. A thesis presented to the University of Guelph; 2012. THESIS_write_up_-FINAL_SUBMITTED_-_Aug_13_2012.pdf
  • 32. Al Zeedi MAS, Al Waaili LH, Al Hakmani FM, Al Busaidi AM. Incidence of School-related Injuries among Students in A'Dakhiliyah Governorate Schools, Oman. Oman Med J. 2020;35(3):127. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2020.45
  • 33. Altuntaş M, Kaya M, Demir Ş, et al. 0-14 Yaş arası çocuklarda önlenebilir nitelikteki kazaların belirlenmesi ve ilişkili tedbirlerin alınması. Smyrna Tıp Dergisi. 2013;1:28-33.
  • 34. Çelik İnanç D, Uğur Baysal S, Çoşgun L, Taviloğlu K, Ünüvar E. Çocukluk çağı yaralanmalarında hazırlayıcı nedenler. Türk Ped Araş. 2008;43:84-88.
  • 35. Senterre C, Dramaix M, Levêque A. Epidemiology of School-Related Injuries in Belgium. A Better Knowledge for a Better Prevention. Open J Prev Med. 2014;4:408-420.
  • 36. Yin X, Li D, Zhu K, et al. Comparison of intentional and unintentional injuries among Chinese children and adolescents. J Epidemiol. 2020;30(12):529–536.
  • 37. Denny VC, Cassese JS, Jacobsen KH. Nonfatal injury incidence and risk factors among middle school students from four Polynesian countries: The Cook Islands, Niue, Samoa, and Tonga. Injury. 2016;47(5):1135–1142.
  • 38. Morrongiello BA, Corbett MR, Kane A. A measure that relates to elementary school children's risk of injury: the supervision attributes and risk-taking questionnaire (SARTQ). Inj Prev. 2011;17(3):189–194.
  • 39. Al-Hajj S, Nehme R, Hatoum F, Zheng A, Pike I. Child school injury in Lebanon: A study to assess injury incidence, severity and risk factors. PLoS One. 2020;15(6):e0233465.
  • 40. Zagel AL, Cutler GJ, Linabery AM, Spaulding AB, Kharbanda AB. Unintentional injuries in primary and secondary schools in the United States, 2001-2013. J Sch Health. 2019;89(1):38–47.
  • 41. Doğan Y. İlköğretim çağındaki 10-14 yaş grubu öğrencilerinin gelişim özellikleri. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2007;8(13):155-187.
  • 42. İnce T, Yalçın S, Yurdakök K. Parents’ attitudes and adherence to unintentional injury prevention measures in Ankara, Turkey. Balkan Med J. 2017;34(4):335-342.
  • 43. Miškulin I, Kretić V, Berlančić T, Pavlović N, Orkić Ž, Miškulin M. Risk factors and injury characteristics among younger school children. Food in Health and Disease, Scientific-Professional Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2018;10(Special edition):99-106.
  • 44. Mohammed AM, Mohammed IS, Hassan NH. Self-injury behavior: manifestations and risk factors in school-aged children in Assuit Governorate. Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal. 2020;18(1):24-31.
  • 45. Santagati G, Vezzosi L, Angelillo IF. Unintentional injuries in children up to six years of age and related parental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in Italy. J Pediatr. 2016;177:267-272.
  • 46. Tian L, Liu M, Li L, et al. Knowledge for unintentional injury and risky behavior among the school-age children in Changsha city of China. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2016;41(7):741–749.
  • 47. Bahadır GB, Oral A, Güven A. Çocukluk çağı travmaları ve önlenmesinde koruyucu hekimliğin rolü. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2011;10(2):243-250.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Gulcihan Arkan 0000-0002-6085-5831

Gülendam Karadağ 0000-0003-0289-5306

Bennur Koca 0000-0002-6484-5956

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Ocak 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Arkan, G., Karadağ, G., & Koca, B. (2022). Determining factors affecting schoolchildren’s attitudes towards injury: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 6(1), 116-127. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.996481
AMA Arkan G, Karadağ G, Koca B. Determining factors affecting schoolchildren’s attitudes towards injury: a cross-sectional study. JBACHS. Ocak 2022;6(1):116-127. doi:10.30621/jbachs.996481
Chicago Arkan, Gulcihan, Gülendam Karadağ, ve Bennur Koca. “Determining Factors Affecting schoolchildren’s Attitudes towards Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6, sy. 1 (Ocak 2022): 116-27. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.996481.
EndNote Arkan G, Karadağ G, Koca B (01 Ocak 2022) Determining factors affecting schoolchildren’s attitudes towards injury: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6 1 116–127.
IEEE G. Arkan, G. Karadağ, ve B. Koca, “Determining factors affecting schoolchildren’s attitudes towards injury: a cross-sectional study”, JBACHS, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 116–127, 2022, doi: 10.30621/jbachs.996481.
ISNAD Arkan, Gulcihan vd. “Determining Factors Affecting schoolchildren’s Attitudes towards Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6/1 (Ocak 2022), 116-127. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.996481.
JAMA Arkan G, Karadağ G, Koca B. Determining factors affecting schoolchildren’s attitudes towards injury: a cross-sectional study. JBACHS. 2022;6:116–127.
MLA Arkan, Gulcihan vd. “Determining Factors Affecting schoolchildren’s Attitudes towards Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, c. 6, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 116-27, doi:10.30621/jbachs.996481.
Vancouver Arkan G, Karadağ G, Koca B. Determining factors affecting schoolchildren’s attitudes towards injury: a cross-sectional study. JBACHS. 2022;6(1):116-27.