Determining the Family Sense of Coherence and Caregiving Burden of Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia: A-Cross Sectional Study

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 637 - 649, 31.05.2022

Zübeyde Nergiz Nevin Günaydın

https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.993946

Öz

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the caregiving burden and family sense of coherence of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, to detect the relationship between them, and the influencing factors.
Methods:The study was conducted as a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational research. Data were obtained using a “Personal Information Form”, “The Family Sense of Coherence Scale-Short Form (FCS-S)”, and “The Caregiving Burden Scale (CBS)”.
Results: The mean score of the caregivers was 49.47±15.20 on the caregiving burden, and 48.87±9.74 on the Family Sense of Coherence of the caregivers, 69.1% had a mean score on the Caregiving Burden higher than the average and 87.6% had a mean score on the Family Sense of Coherence higher than the average (moderate and high levels). There was a moderately significant negative correlation between Caregiving Burden and Family Sense of Coherence (p <0.01).
Conclusions:This study determined that primary caregivers with a high level of family sense of coherence had lower level of care burden.

Anahtar Kelimeler

caregiving burden,, family coherence,, schizophrenia,, primary caregiver

Teşekkür

The study has been produced from the master's thesis.

Kaynakça

• Hsiao C-Y, Lu H-L, Tsai Y-F. Caregiver burden and health‑related quality of life among primary family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia: a cross‑sectional study. Qual Life Res 2020;29:2745–2757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02518-1
• Altwaijri Y,. Al-Subaie AS, Al-Habeeb A et.al. Kessler Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the Saudi National Mental Health Survey. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2020;29:e1836. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1836
• Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA et.al. Chong. Tracking the mental health of a nation: prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in the second Singapore mental health study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2020;29:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000179
• Bulut M, Arslantaş H, Dereboy İ.F. Effects of Psychoeducation Given to Caregivers of People with a Diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2016;37.800–810. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2016.1222039
• Donyağı ND. Investigation of Family Burden in Schizophrenia Patients Attending and Discontinuing Community Mental Health Centers. Master Thesis, 2016, Üsküdar University, İstanbul.
• Simeone JC, Ward AJ, Rotella P, Colins J, Windisch R. An evaluation zophrenia prevalence from 1990-2013: a systematic literatüre review. BMC PsychiatrY 2015;15:2-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0578-7
• Taş S., Buldukoğlu K. Early self-care agency and care needs of schizophrenic patients after discharge. J Psychiatr Nurs 2018;9(1):11-22. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2017.64935
• Şahin S, Uyanık M. Investigation of activity, activity performance and health-related quality of life of caregivers of schizophrenia patients. J Occupa Therapy Rehabil 2018;6(3):161-170. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.421436
• Ünal B, Akgül Ö, Binbay T, Alptekin K, Kıvırcık Akdede B.B. Association of Wider Social Environment with Relapse in Schizophrenia: Registry Based Six-Year Follow-Up Study. Arch Neuropsychiatry 2019;56:235−242. https://doi.org/ 10.29399/npa.23619
• American Psychiatric Association (APA). The American psychiatric association practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. APA's Practice Guidelines for the Psychiatric Evaluation of Adults, 3 rd Edition, Arlington VA, American Psychiatric Association, 2016
• Sadock BJ, Sadock Kaplan VA, Sadock Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences (A. Bozkurt Trans.). Istanbul: Güneş Bookstore. 2016; (1992):1329-1512.
• Tamizi Z, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Dalvandi A,. Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi F, Mohammadi E, Bakhshi E. Caregiving burden in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A qualitative study. JEHP 2020;9:12. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_356_19
• Tsui MCM, Tsong HWH. Views of people with schizophrenia and their caregivers towards the needs for psychiatric rehabilitation in urban and rural areaas of mainland China. Psychiatry Res 2017;258:72-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.052
• Aass LKH, Skundberg-Kletthagen h, Schr€oder A, Moen Ø.L. It’s not a race, it’s a marathon! Families living with a young adult suffering from mental illness. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2020;1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2020.1770384
• Reinares M, Bonnín, C.-M, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, et. al. The role of family interventions in bipolar disorder: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev Clinical Psychology Review 2016;43:47–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.010
• Akıncı AÇ, Pınar R. Validity and reliability of Turkish Caregiver Burden Scale among family caregivers of haemodialysis patients. J Clin Nurs 2012;23:352–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04235.x
• van der Lee J, Bakkern TJ, Duivenvoorden HJ, et. al. Multivariate models of subjective caregiver burden in dementia: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2014;15:76-93. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.003.
• Gülseren L, Çam B, Karakoç B, et.al. Factors affecting family burden in schizophrenia. Turkish J Psychiatry 2010;21(3):203-212.
• Arslantaş H, Adana F. The burden of schizophrenia on caregivers. Curr Approaches Psychiatry 2011;3(2):251-277.
• Bademli K, Duman ZÇ. Caregivers of schizophrenia patients. Curr Approaches Psychiatry 2013;5(4):461-478. https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20130529
• Bademli K, Keser İ, Lök N, et.al. Determining the educational needs of schizophrenia patients and their caregivers. Anatolian J Nurs Health Sci 2016; 19(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.17049/ahsbd.36978
• Mizuno E, Iwa Saki M, Sakai I, et.al. Sense of cohorence and quality of life in family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia living in the community. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2012;26(4):295-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2012.01.003.
• Tsuno YS, Yamazaki Y. Relationship among sense of cohorence resources, and mental health in urban and rural residents in Japon BMC Public Health 2012;12: 1107-1205. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-1107
• Çeçen AR. Adaptation of the short form of the family coherence scale (FCS - S) into Turkish: validity and reliability studies. Educ Sci Theory Pract 2007;7(3):1199-1220.
• Olsson M, Hansson K, Lundblad, A, et.al. Sense of coherence definition and explanation. Int J Soc Welf 2006;15:219-229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2006.00410.x
• Pisula E, Kossakowskan Z. Sense of coherense and coping with stress among mothers and fathers of children with autism. J Autism Dev Disord, 2010; 40(12):1485 – 1494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1001-3
• Carneiro F, Costa P, Leal I.. Psychometric Analysis Of The Portuguese Version Of The Family Sense of Coherence. Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças 2019;20(3):838-858
• Siah PC, Siew-Huei T. Relationships between Sense of Coherence, Coping Strategies and Quality of Life of Parents of Children with Autism in Malaysia: A Case Study among Chinese Parents. Disabil CBR Inc Dev 2016;27(1):78. https://doi.org/10.5463/dcid.v1i1.485
• McCubbin HI, Thompson AL, Thompson EA, et.al. Ethnicity, schema, and coherence: Appraisal processes for families in crisis. London: Sage. 1998,41-67.
• Kagitcibasi Ç, Ataca B, Diri A. Intergenerational Relationships in the Family: Ethnic,Socioeconomic, and Country Variations in Germany, Israel, Palestine, and Turkey. J Cross-Cult Psychol 2010;41(5-6):652–670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022110372193.
• Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontol 1998;20(6):649-655. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/20.6.649
• İnci FH, Erdem M. The validity and reliability of the adaptation of the care burden scale to Turkish. Atatürk Univ Nurs School J 2008;11(4):85-95.
• İnci F.H. Adaptation of Caregiving Burden Scale to Turkish. Validity and Reliability. Master Thesis, Pamukkale University, Denizli, 2006.
• Büyüköztürk Ş. Data Analysis Handbook Statistics, Research Design, SPSS Applications and Interpretation (7. bs). Ankara : Pegem A Yayıncılık, 32, 2007
• Durat G, Atmaca GD, Açıl HC, Oksal HA. The Attitudes of patients' relatives with schizophrenia towards schizophrenia. OJM 2016; 38:8. https://doi.org/10.20515/otd.33712
• İnan FŞ, Duman ZÇ. Factors affecting the mental health of caregivers of schizophrenia patients: sociodemographic variables and coping styles. Anatolian J Nurs Health Sci 2013;16(4):205-211.
• Özçelik EK, Yıldırım A. Schizophrenia patients family environment, inter nalized stigma and quality of life. J Psychiatr Nurs 2018;9(2):80-87. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2017.07088
• Souza A, Guimaraes RA, Vilela DA, et. al. Barbosa. Factor associated with the burden of family caregivers of patients with mental disorders:a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2017;17(1):353-363. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1501-1
• Yıldırım A, Buzlu S, Hacıhasanoğlu R, et.al. The effect of family-to-family support program applied to families of schizophrenic patients on knowledge about the disease, family burden and self-efficacy. Turkish J Psychiatry, 24 (2013),1-7.
• Yu Y, Liu ZW, Zhou W, et. al. Assessment of burden among family caregivers of schizophrenia: psychometric testing for short-form Zarit burden interviews. Front Psychol 2018;9:1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02539
• Chan S.W. Global perspective of burden of family caregivers for persons with schizphrenia. Arch Psychiatric Nurs 2011;25(5):339-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2011.03.008.
• Arslantaş H, Adana F. Factors affecting the burden perception and emotional expression of schizophrenic patients' caregivers. Anatolian J Psychiatry 2012;13 (1):8-15.
• Shamsaei F, Cheraghi F, Bashirian S. Burden on family caregivers caring for patients with schizophrenia. Iran J Psychiatry 2015;10(4):239-245.
• Rhee TG, Rosenheck R.A. Does improvement in symptomss and quality of life in chronic schizphrenia reduce family caregiver burden?. Psychiatry Res 2019;271:402-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.005
• Çetin N, Demiralp M, Oflaz F, et. al. The relationship between schizophrenia patients 'daily life activity level and family members' care burden and expressed mood. Anatolian J Psychiatry 2013;14(1):19-26.
• Karaağaç H, Var EÇ. Investigation of the effects of care burdens on quality of life of caregivers of schizophrenia patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2019;22(1):6-26. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2018.60783
• Caqueo-Urizar A, Miranda-Castillo C, Lemos Giraldez S, et.al. Mascayana Tapia. An updated review on burden on caregivers of schizophrenia patients. Psicothema 2014;26(2):235-243. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.86
• Naheed M, Akter KA, Tabassum F, et.al. Factors contributing the outcome of schizophrenia in developing and developed countries: A brief review. Int Curr Pharm J 2012;1(4):81-85. https://doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i4.10063
• Tüzer V, Zincir S, Baştezi AD, et.al. Evaluation of family environment and emotional expression in schizophrenia patients. Clin Psychiatry 2003;6:198-203.
• Ebrinç SM, Çetin, C, Başoğlu, MY, et.al. Investigation of family functionality, social support and emotional expression in schizophrenic patients and their families. Anatolian J Psychiatry 2001;2(1):5-14.
• Taktak Ş, Erkıran M, Karşıdağ Ç, et.al. A study on the perception of family functionality in schizophrenic patients and its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical features. The Thinking Man 2000;13(4):196-203.
• Lauber C, Keller C, Eichenberger A, et.al. Family burden during exacerbation of schizophrenia: quantification and determinonts of additional costs. İnt J Soc Psychiatry, 51(3)(2005),259-264.
• Aydın A, Eker SS, Cangür Ş, et.al. The relationship between the burden level of caregivers of schizophrenia patients with socio-demographic variables and characteristics of the disease. Archive J Neuropsychiatry 2009;46:10-14.
• Li J, Lambert CE, Lambert V.A. Predictors of family caregivers’ burden and quality of life when providing care for a family member with schizophrenia in the People’s Republic of China. Nurs Health Sci 2007;9(3):192-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2007.00327.x.
• Hanzawa S, Bae J, Tanaka H, et.al. Caregiver burden and coping strategies for patients with schizophrenia: comparison between Japan and Korea. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010;45:275-283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02104.x
• Hsiao CY, Tsai YF. Factors of caregivers burden and family functiomng among Taiwanese family caregivers living with schizophrenia. J Clin Nurs 2015;24(11-12):1546-1556. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12745.
• Bağ B. The salutogenesis model in mental health and psychiatric nursing. Curr Approaches Psychiatry 2017;9(3):284-300. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.285949
• Gülseren L. Schizophrenia and the family: difficulties, burdens, emotions, needs. Turkish J Psychiatry 2002;13(2):143-151.
• Çeçen AR. The sense of individual coherence (consistency), family coherence and self-esteem in predicting life satisfaction in university students. Theory Pract Educ 2008;4(1):19-30.