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Detectable SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk: A Turkey Experience

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 798 - 804, 29.09.2022

Serap Kılıç Altun , Akin Yığın , Fadile Yıldız Zeyrek , Mehmet Emin Aydemir , Hatice Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.995224

Öz

Breastfeeding is considered the strongest postnatal bond between mother and baby and is the best source of nutrition that has implications for infant health and development. However, the global COVID-19 epidemic process and the lack of full understanding of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have significantly reduced breastfeeding practice. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the milk of lactating mothers with COVID-19 disease and to provide scientific evidence on whether breastfeeding will be safe. For this purpose, breast milk samples were collected from 60 women with COVID-19 in Şanlıurfa city of Turkey, and breast milk samples were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-PCRs. As a result of the analysis, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in any breast milk. According to the results obtained in this study, it was concluded that there is no evidence of mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through breast milk and that mothers can safely breastfeed their children in this process. We think that it will be possible with more in-depth analyzes and comprehensive studies to fully understand whether the SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted to infants through breast milk.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Breast milk SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19

Kaynakça

  • 1.WHO. 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19): situation report-70. World Health Organization. Accessed October 30, 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/ default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200330- sitrep-70-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=7e0fe3f8_2.
  • 2. Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, at al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(18):1708-1720.
  • 3. Zhu C, Liu W, Su H, at al. Breastfeeding risk from detectable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in breastmilk. Journal of Infection. 2020;81(3):452-482.
  • 4. Centeno‐Tablante E, Medina‐Rivera M, Finkelstein JL, at al. Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 through breast milk and breastfeeding: a living systematic review. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2020:1484 (2021);32-54.
  • 5. Wu Y, Liu C, Dong L, at al. Viral shedding of COVID-19 in pregnant women. SSRN Electron J. 2020.
  • 6. De Rose DU, Piersigilli F, Ronchetti MP, at al. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in newborns and infants: what we know so far. Italian journal of pediatrics. 2020;46(1):1-8. 7. Groß R, Conzelmann C, Müller JA, at al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human breastmilk. The Lancet. 2020;395(10239):1757-1758.
  • 8. Bastug A, Hanifehnezhad A, Tayman C, at al. Virolactia in an asymptomatic mother with COVID-19. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2020;15(8): 488-491.
  • 9. Bertino E, Moro GE, De Renzi G, at al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in milk from COVID-19 positive mothers and follow-up of their infants. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2020;8:676.
  • 10. Buonsenso D, Costa S, Sanguinetti M, at al. Neonatal late onset infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. American journal of Perinatology. 2020;37(08):869-872.
  • 11. Chambers C, Krogstad P, Bertrand K, at al. Evaluation for SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk from 18 infected women. Jama. 2020,324(13):1347-1348. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.15580
  • 12. Costa S, Posteraro B, Marchetti S, at al. Excretion of SARS-CoV-2 in human breast milk. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2020;26(10):1430-1432.
  • 13. Fenizia C, Biasin M, Cetin I, at al. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission during pregnancy. Nature Communications. 2020;11(1):1-10. 14. Hinojosa-Velasco A, de Oca PVBM, García-Sosa, L., at al. A case report of newborn infant with severe COVID-19 in Mexico: detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human breast milk and stool. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020;100:21-24.
  • 15. Kirtsman M, Diambomba Y, Poutane, SM, at al. Probable congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection in a neonate born to a woman with active SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cmaj. 2020;192(24):E647-E650.
  • 16. Lugli L, Bedetti L, Lucaccioni L, at al. An uninfected preterm newborn inadvertently fed SARS-CoV-2–positive breast milk. Pediatrics. 2020:146(6).
  • 17. Tam PC, Ly KM, Kernich ML, at al. Detectable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human breast milk of a mildly symptomatic patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021;72(1):128-130.
  • 18. Wu Y, Liu C, Dong L, at al. Coronavirus disease 2019 among pregnant Chinese women: case series data on the safety of vaginal birth and breastfeeding. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2020;127(9).
  • 19. Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, at al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Translational Pediatrics. 2020;9(1):51.
  • 20. Krogstad P, Contreras D, Ng H, at al. No evidence of ınfectious SARS-CoV-2 in human milk: Analysis of a cohort of 110 lactating women. medRxiv. 2021.
  • 21. AlZaghal LA, AlZaghal N, Alomari SO, at al. Multidisciplinary team management and cesarean delivery for a Jordanian woman infected with SARS-COV-2: a case report. Case Reports in Women's Health. 2020;27, e00212.
  • 22. Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, at al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. The Lancet. 2020;395(10226):809-815.
  • 23. Carosso A, Cosma S, Borella F, at al. Pre-labor anorectal swab for SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients: is it time to think about it? European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Forthcoming. 2020;249: 98–99.
  • 24. Cui Y, Tian M, Huang D, at al. A 55-day-old female infant infected with 2019 novel coronavirus disease: presenting with pneumonia, liver injury, and heart damage. J. Infect. Dis. 2020;376:584–7.
  • 25.De Socio GV, Malincarne L, Arena S, at al. Delivery in asymptomatic Italian woman with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mediterranean Journal Of Hematology And İnfectious Diseases. 2020;12(1).
  • 26.Deng G, Zeng F, Zhang L, at al. Characteristics of pregnant patients with COVID-19 and liver injury. Journal of Hepatology. 2020;73(4):989.
  • 27.Dong L, Tian J, He S. Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an ınfected mother to her newborn. JAMA. 2020;March (online).
  • 28.Dong Y, Chi X, Hai H, at al. Antibodies in the breast milk of a maternal woman with COVID-19. Emerging Microbes & İnfections. 2020; 9(1): 1467-1469.
  • 29.Fan C, Lei D, Fang C, at al. Perinatal transmission of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2: should we worry? Clinical İnfectious Diseases. 2020.
  • 30.Gao X, Wang S, Zeng W, at al. Clinical and immunologic features among COVID-19–affected mother–infant pairs: antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 detected in breast milk. New Microbes and New Infections. 2020;37:100752.
  • 31.Gidlöf S, Savchenko J, Brune T, at al. COVID-19 in pregnancy with comorbidities: More liberal testing strategy is needed. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;948-949.
  • 32.Han MS, Seong MW, Heo EY, at al. Sequential analysis of viral load in a neonate and her mother infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020;71(16):2236-2239.
  • 33.Kalafat E, Yaprak E, Cinar G, at al. Lung ultrasound and computed tomographic findings in pregnant woman with COVID‐19. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2020;55(6), 835-837.
  • 34.Kam KQ, Yung CF, Cui L, at al. A well infant with coronavirus disease 2019 with high viral load. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020.
  • 35.Lang J, Yang N, Deng J, at al. Inhibition of SARS pseudovirus cell entry by lactoferrin binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. PloS one. 2011; 6(8): e23710.
  • 36.Lei D, Wang C, Li C, at al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pregnancy: analysis of nine cases. Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 2020;23(3).
  • 37.Li Y, Hu Y, Yu Y, at al. Positive result of Sars‐Cov‐2 in faeces and sputum from discharged patients with COVID‐19 in Yiwu, China. Journal Of Medical Virology. 2020);92(10):1938-1947.
  • 38.Li Y, Zhao R, Zheng S, at al. Lack of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, China. Emerging İnfectious Diseases. 2020;26(6):1335.
  • 39.Liu W, Wang J, Li W, at al. Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19. Frontiers Of Medicine. 2020;14(2):193-198.
  • 40.Liu W, Wang Q, Zhang Q, at al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy: a case series. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;95:376–83.
  • 41.Luo Q, Chen L, Yao D, at al. Safety of breastfeeding in mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection. medRxiv. 2020.
  • 42.Mao LJ, Xu J, Xu ZH, at al. A child with household transmitted COVID-19. BMC İnfectious Diseases. 2020;20:1-5.
  • 43.Marín Gabriel MÁ, Malalana Martínez AM, Marín Martínez ME, at al. Negative transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to hand-expressed colostrum from SARS-CoV-2–positive mothers. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2020;15(8):492-494.
  • 44.Menter T, Mertz KD, Jiang S, at al. Placental pathology findings during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection: features of villitis and malperfusion. Pathobiology. 2020;88(1):0-8.
  • 45.Pace RM, Williams JE, Järvinen KM, at al. Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, antibodies, and neutralizing capacity in milk produced by women with COVID-19. Mbio. 2021;12(1): e03192-20.
  • 46.Peng Z, Wang J, Mo Y, at al. Unlikely SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission from mother to child: a case report. Journal of İnfection and Public Health. 2020;13(5):818-820.
  • 47.Peng S, Zhu H, Yang L, at al. A study of breastfeeding practices, SARS-CoV-2 and its antibodies in the breast milk of mothers confirmed with COVID-19. The Lancet Regional Health-Western Pacific. 2020;4:100045.
  • 48.Perrone S, Giordano M, Meoli A, at al. Lack of viral transmission to preterm newborn from a COVID‐19 positive breastfeeding mother at 11 days postpartum. Journal Of Medical Virology. 2020.
  • 49.Piersigilli F, Carkeek K, Hocq C, at al. COVID-19 in a 26-week preterm neonate. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2020;4(6):476-478.
  • 50.Sahin D, Tanacan A, Erol SA, at al. A pandemic center’s experience of managing pregnant women with COVID‐19 infection in Turkey: A prospective cohort study. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2020;151(1):74-82.
  • 51.Salvatori G, De Rose DU, Concato C, at al. Managing COVID-19-positive maternal–infant dyads: an Italian experience. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2020;15(5):347-348.
  • 52.Schoenmakers S, Snijder P, Verdijk R, at al. SARS-CoV-2 placental infection and inflammation leading to fetal distress and neonatal multi-organ failure in an asymptomatic woman. medRxiv. 2020.
  • 53.Slaats MA, Versteylen M, Gast KB, at al. Case report of a neonate with high viral SARSCoV-2 loads and long-term virus shedding. Journal Of İnfection And Public Health. 2020;13(12): 1878-1884.
  • 54.Walczak A, Wilks K, Shakhovskoy R, at al. COVID-19 in a complex obstetric patient with cystic fibrosis. Infection, Disease & Health. 2020;25(4): 239-241.
  • 55.Wang S, Guo L, Chen L, at al. A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China. Clinical İnfectious Diseases. 2020;71(15):853-857.
  • 56.Xiong X, Wei H, Zhang Z, at al. Vaginal delivery report of a healthy neonate born to a convalescent mother with COVID‐19. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020;92(9):1657-1659.
  • 57.Yan J, Guo J, Fan C, at al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women: a report based on 116 cases. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;223(1):111-e1.
  • 58.Yu Y, Li Y, Hu Y, at al. Breastfed 13 month-old infant of a mother with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report. International Breastfeeding Journal. 2020;15(1): 1-6.
  • 59.Yuehua Z, Daojiong L, Meifang X, at al. A case of three‐month‐old infant with new coronavirus infection. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics. 2020;58(3):182-184.
  • 60.Zhao Y, Shang Y, Ren Y, at al. 2020. Omics study reveals abnormal alterations of breastmilk proteins and metabolites in puerperant women with COVID-19. Signal Transduction And Targeted Therapy. 2020;5(1):1-3.
  • 61.Thanigainathan S, Kaliyaperumal V, Sivanandan S, et al. Is SARS-CoV-2 Transmitted Through Breastfeeding? The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2021;88:800–801.
  • 62.Bäuerl C, Randazzo W, Sánchez Moragas G, at al. SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody detection in human milk from a prospective multicenter study in Spain. medRxiv. 2021. 63.Nolan LS, Parks OB, Good M, A review of the immunomodulating components of maternal breast milk and protection against necrotizing enterocolitis. Nutrients. 2020;12(1):14.
  • 64.Lang GJ, Zhao H. Can SARS-CoV-2-infected women breastfeed after viral clearance? Journal of Zhejiang University Science. 2020;B21(5):405.
  • 65.Bode L. Human milk oligosaccharides: every baby needs a sugar mama. Glycobiology. 2012;22(9):1147-1162.

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 798 - 804, 29.09.2022

Serap Kılıç Altun , Akin Yığın , Fadile Yıldız Zeyrek , Mehmet Emin Aydemir , Hatice Albayrak

https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.995224

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1.WHO. 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19): situation report-70. World Health Organization. Accessed October 30, 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/ default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200330- sitrep-70-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=7e0fe3f8_2.
  • 2. Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, at al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(18):1708-1720.
  • 3. Zhu C, Liu W, Su H, at al. Breastfeeding risk from detectable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in breastmilk. Journal of Infection. 2020;81(3):452-482.
  • 4. Centeno‐Tablante E, Medina‐Rivera M, Finkelstein JL, at al. Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 through breast milk and breastfeeding: a living systematic review. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2020:1484 (2021);32-54.
  • 5. Wu Y, Liu C, Dong L, at al. Viral shedding of COVID-19 in pregnant women. SSRN Electron J. 2020.
  • 6. De Rose DU, Piersigilli F, Ronchetti MP, at al. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in newborns and infants: what we know so far. Italian journal of pediatrics. 2020;46(1):1-8. 7. Groß R, Conzelmann C, Müller JA, at al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human breastmilk. The Lancet. 2020;395(10239):1757-1758.
  • 8. Bastug A, Hanifehnezhad A, Tayman C, at al. Virolactia in an asymptomatic mother with COVID-19. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2020;15(8): 488-491.
  • 9. Bertino E, Moro GE, De Renzi G, at al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in milk from COVID-19 positive mothers and follow-up of their infants. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2020;8:676.
  • 10. Buonsenso D, Costa S, Sanguinetti M, at al. Neonatal late onset infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. American journal of Perinatology. 2020;37(08):869-872.
  • 11. Chambers C, Krogstad P, Bertrand K, at al. Evaluation for SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk from 18 infected women. Jama. 2020,324(13):1347-1348. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.15580
  • 12. Costa S, Posteraro B, Marchetti S, at al. Excretion of SARS-CoV-2 in human breast milk. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2020;26(10):1430-1432.
  • 13. Fenizia C, Biasin M, Cetin I, at al. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission during pregnancy. Nature Communications. 2020;11(1):1-10. 14. Hinojosa-Velasco A, de Oca PVBM, García-Sosa, L., at al. A case report of newborn infant with severe COVID-19 in Mexico: detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human breast milk and stool. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020;100:21-24.
  • 15. Kirtsman M, Diambomba Y, Poutane, SM, at al. Probable congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection in a neonate born to a woman with active SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cmaj. 2020;192(24):E647-E650.
  • 16. Lugli L, Bedetti L, Lucaccioni L, at al. An uninfected preterm newborn inadvertently fed SARS-CoV-2–positive breast milk. Pediatrics. 2020:146(6).
  • 17. Tam PC, Ly KM, Kernich ML, at al. Detectable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human breast milk of a mildly symptomatic patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021;72(1):128-130.
  • 18. Wu Y, Liu C, Dong L, at al. Coronavirus disease 2019 among pregnant Chinese women: case series data on the safety of vaginal birth and breastfeeding. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2020;127(9).
  • 19. Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, at al. Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia. Translational Pediatrics. 2020;9(1):51.
  • 20. Krogstad P, Contreras D, Ng H, at al. No evidence of ınfectious SARS-CoV-2 in human milk: Analysis of a cohort of 110 lactating women. medRxiv. 2021.
  • 21. AlZaghal LA, AlZaghal N, Alomari SO, at al. Multidisciplinary team management and cesarean delivery for a Jordanian woman infected with SARS-COV-2: a case report. Case Reports in Women's Health. 2020;27, e00212.
  • 22. Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, at al. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. The Lancet. 2020;395(10226):809-815.
  • 23. Carosso A, Cosma S, Borella F, at al. Pre-labor anorectal swab for SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients: is it time to think about it? European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Forthcoming. 2020;249: 98–99.
  • 24. Cui Y, Tian M, Huang D, at al. A 55-day-old female infant infected with 2019 novel coronavirus disease: presenting with pneumonia, liver injury, and heart damage. J. Infect. Dis. 2020;376:584–7.
  • 25.De Socio GV, Malincarne L, Arena S, at al. Delivery in asymptomatic Italian woman with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mediterranean Journal Of Hematology And İnfectious Diseases. 2020;12(1).
  • 26.Deng G, Zeng F, Zhang L, at al. Characteristics of pregnant patients with COVID-19 and liver injury. Journal of Hepatology. 2020;73(4):989.
  • 27.Dong L, Tian J, He S. Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an ınfected mother to her newborn. JAMA. 2020;March (online).
  • 28.Dong Y, Chi X, Hai H, at al. Antibodies in the breast milk of a maternal woman with COVID-19. Emerging Microbes & İnfections. 2020; 9(1): 1467-1469.
  • 29.Fan C, Lei D, Fang C, at al. Perinatal transmission of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2: should we worry? Clinical İnfectious Diseases. 2020.
  • 30.Gao X, Wang S, Zeng W, at al. Clinical and immunologic features among COVID-19–affected mother–infant pairs: antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 detected in breast milk. New Microbes and New Infections. 2020;37:100752.
  • 31.Gidlöf S, Savchenko J, Brune T, at al. COVID-19 in pregnancy with comorbidities: More liberal testing strategy is needed. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;948-949.
  • 32.Han MS, Seong MW, Heo EY, at al. Sequential analysis of viral load in a neonate and her mother infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020;71(16):2236-2239.
  • 33.Kalafat E, Yaprak E, Cinar G, at al. Lung ultrasound and computed tomographic findings in pregnant woman with COVID‐19. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2020;55(6), 835-837.
  • 34.Kam KQ, Yung CF, Cui L, at al. A well infant with coronavirus disease 2019 with high viral load. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020.
  • 35.Lang J, Yang N, Deng J, at al. Inhibition of SARS pseudovirus cell entry by lactoferrin binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. PloS one. 2011; 6(8): e23710.
  • 36.Lei D, Wang C, Li C, at al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pregnancy: analysis of nine cases. Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine. 2020;23(3).
  • 37.Li Y, Hu Y, Yu Y, at al. Positive result of Sars‐Cov‐2 in faeces and sputum from discharged patients with COVID‐19 in Yiwu, China. Journal Of Medical Virology. 2020);92(10):1938-1947.
  • 38.Li Y, Zhao R, Zheng S, at al. Lack of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, China. Emerging İnfectious Diseases. 2020;26(6):1335.
  • 39.Liu W, Wang J, Li W, at al. Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19. Frontiers Of Medicine. 2020;14(2):193-198.
  • 40.Liu W, Wang Q, Zhang Q, at al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy: a case series. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;95:376–83.
  • 41.Luo Q, Chen L, Yao D, at al. Safety of breastfeeding in mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection. medRxiv. 2020.
  • 42.Mao LJ, Xu J, Xu ZH, at al. A child with household transmitted COVID-19. BMC İnfectious Diseases. 2020;20:1-5.
  • 43.Marín Gabriel MÁ, Malalana Martínez AM, Marín Martínez ME, at al. Negative transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to hand-expressed colostrum from SARS-CoV-2–positive mothers. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2020;15(8):492-494.
  • 44.Menter T, Mertz KD, Jiang S, at al. Placental pathology findings during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection: features of villitis and malperfusion. Pathobiology. 2020;88(1):0-8.
  • 45.Pace RM, Williams JE, Järvinen KM, at al. Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, antibodies, and neutralizing capacity in milk produced by women with COVID-19. Mbio. 2021;12(1): e03192-20.
  • 46.Peng Z, Wang J, Mo Y, at al. Unlikely SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission from mother to child: a case report. Journal of İnfection and Public Health. 2020;13(5):818-820.
  • 47.Peng S, Zhu H, Yang L, at al. A study of breastfeeding practices, SARS-CoV-2 and its antibodies in the breast milk of mothers confirmed with COVID-19. The Lancet Regional Health-Western Pacific. 2020;4:100045.
  • 48.Perrone S, Giordano M, Meoli A, at al. Lack of viral transmission to preterm newborn from a COVID‐19 positive breastfeeding mother at 11 days postpartum. Journal Of Medical Virology. 2020.
  • 49.Piersigilli F, Carkeek K, Hocq C, at al. COVID-19 in a 26-week preterm neonate. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2020;4(6):476-478.
  • 50.Sahin D, Tanacan A, Erol SA, at al. A pandemic center’s experience of managing pregnant women with COVID‐19 infection in Turkey: A prospective cohort study. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2020;151(1):74-82.
  • 51.Salvatori G, De Rose DU, Concato C, at al. Managing COVID-19-positive maternal–infant dyads: an Italian experience. Breastfeeding Medicine. 2020;15(5):347-348.
  • 52.Schoenmakers S, Snijder P, Verdijk R, at al. SARS-CoV-2 placental infection and inflammation leading to fetal distress and neonatal multi-organ failure in an asymptomatic woman. medRxiv. 2020.
  • 53.Slaats MA, Versteylen M, Gast KB, at al. Case report of a neonate with high viral SARSCoV-2 loads and long-term virus shedding. Journal Of İnfection And Public Health. 2020;13(12): 1878-1884.
  • 54.Walczak A, Wilks K, Shakhovskoy R, at al. COVID-19 in a complex obstetric patient with cystic fibrosis. Infection, Disease & Health. 2020;25(4): 239-241.
  • 55.Wang S, Guo L, Chen L, at al. A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China. Clinical İnfectious Diseases. 2020;71(15):853-857.
  • 56.Xiong X, Wei H, Zhang Z, at al. Vaginal delivery report of a healthy neonate born to a convalescent mother with COVID‐19. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020;92(9):1657-1659.
  • 57.Yan J, Guo J, Fan C, at al. Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women: a report based on 116 cases. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2020;223(1):111-e1.
  • 58.Yu Y, Li Y, Hu Y, at al. Breastfed 13 month-old infant of a mother with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report. International Breastfeeding Journal. 2020;15(1): 1-6.
  • 59.Yuehua Z, Daojiong L, Meifang X, at al. A case of three‐month‐old infant with new coronavirus infection. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics. 2020;58(3):182-184.
  • 60.Zhao Y, Shang Y, Ren Y, at al. 2020. Omics study reveals abnormal alterations of breastmilk proteins and metabolites in puerperant women with COVID-19. Signal Transduction And Targeted Therapy. 2020;5(1):1-3.
  • 61.Thanigainathan S, Kaliyaperumal V, Sivanandan S, et al. Is SARS-CoV-2 Transmitted Through Breastfeeding? The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2021;88:800–801.
  • 62.Bäuerl C, Randazzo W, Sánchez Moragas G, at al. SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody detection in human milk from a prospective multicenter study in Spain. medRxiv. 2021. 63.Nolan LS, Parks OB, Good M, A review of the immunomodulating components of maternal breast milk and protection against necrotizing enterocolitis. Nutrients. 2020;12(1):14.
  • 64.Lang GJ, Zhao H. Can SARS-CoV-2-infected women breastfeed after viral clearance? Journal of Zhejiang University Science. 2020;B21(5):405.
  • 65.Bode L. Human milk oligosaccharides: every baby needs a sugar mama. Glycobiology. 2012;22(9):1147-1162.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Serap Kılıç Altun 0000-0002-4203-2508

Akin Yığın 0000-0001-9758-1697

Fadile Yıldız Zeyrek 0000-0001-7386-9944

Mehmet Emin Aydemir 0000-0002-5849-1741

Hatice Albayrak 0000-0003-3054-8870

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılıç Altun, S., Yığın, A., Yıldız Zeyrek, F., Aydemir, M. E., vd. (2022). Detectable SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk: A Turkey Experience. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 6(3), 798-804. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.995224
AMA Kılıç Altun S, Yığın A, Yıldız Zeyrek F, Aydemir ME, Albayrak H. Detectable SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk: A Turkey Experience. JBACHS. Eylül 2022;6(3):798-804. doi:10.30621/jbachs.995224
Chicago Kılıç Altun, Serap, Akin Yığın, Fadile Yıldız Zeyrek, Mehmet Emin Aydemir, ve Hatice Albayrak. “Detectable SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk: A Turkey Experience”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6, sy. 3 (Eylül 2022): 798-804. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.995224.
EndNote Kılıç Altun S, Yığın A, Yıldız Zeyrek F, Aydemir ME, Albayrak H (01 Eylül 2022) Detectable SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk: A Turkey Experience. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6 3 798–804.
IEEE S. Kılıç Altun, A. Yığın, F. Yıldız Zeyrek, M. E. Aydemir, ve H. Albayrak, “Detectable SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk: A Turkey Experience”, JBACHS, c. 6, sy. 3, ss. 798–804, 2022, doi: 10.30621/jbachs.995224.
ISNAD Kılıç Altun, Serap vd. “Detectable SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk: A Turkey Experience”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 6/3 (Eylül 2022), 798-804. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.995224.
JAMA Kılıç Altun S, Yığın A, Yıldız Zeyrek F, Aydemir ME, Albayrak H. Detectable SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk: A Turkey Experience. JBACHS. 2022;6:798–804.
MLA Kılıç Altun, Serap vd. “Detectable SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk: A Turkey Experience”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, c. 6, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 798-04, doi:10.30621/jbachs.995224.
Vancouver Kılıç Altun S, Yığın A, Yıldız Zeyrek F, Aydemir ME, Albayrak H. Detectable SARS-CoV-2 in Human Breast Milk: A Turkey Experience. JBACHS. 2022;6(3):798-804.
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