Research Article
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The Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors During Pregnancy

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 376 - 386, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1120795

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of depressive symptoms on healthy lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy.
Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 314 pregnant women. Data collection tools were developed by the researchers by reviewing the literature. In the study, an Introductory Information Form, an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale-II were used.
Results: Results indicated that 19.1% of pregnant women were found to be at risk for depression (EPDS≥12). While the mean the HLBS II total scores of pregnant women were 136.83±24.11, the highest subscale was "Spiritual Development" with a mean score of 26.55±5.27, and the lowest subscale was "Physical Activity" with a mean score of 15.59±4.91. A negative and significant correlation was found between the EPDS and the SYBDS-II total scores and the mean scores of spiritual development, nutrition, physical activity, and stress management subscales (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It is recommended for health professionals to screen women and provide education and counseling services starting from the preconception period.

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References

  • 1. Wynter K, Rowe H, Fisher J. Common mental disorders in women and men in the first six months after the birth of their first infant: a community study in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Affective Disorder. 2013;151(3):980-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.021.
  • 2. Koh YW, Chui CY, Tang CSK, Lee AM. The prevalence and risk factors of paternal depression from the antenatal to the postpartum period and the relationships between antenatal and postpartum depression among fathers in Hong Kong. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Depression Research and Treatment. 2014, Article ID 127632, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/127632. doi: 10.1155/2014/127632.
  • 3. Corcoran J, Marinescu I, Vogelsang C, Kim JC. Prevalence of depression during pregnancy and postpartum periods in low-income women in developed countries. Journal of Public Health. 2022;1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01662-3.
  • 4. Çolak B, Ongun F, Aras ÖS, Demirkol ME. Gebelik ve doğum sonrası depresyon. Çukurova Tıp Öğrenci Dergisi. 2022;1(2):43-49. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2194067.
  • 5. Çalık KY, Aktaş S. Gebelikte depresyon: sıklık, risk faktörleri ve tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2011;3(1):142-162. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/115127.
  • 6. Kirkan TS, Aydin N, Yazici E, Akcali Aslan P, Acemoglu H, Daloglu AG. The Depression in women in pregnancy and postpartum period: A follow-up study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2015;61(4):343–349. doi: 10.1177/0020764014543713.
  • 7. Taşpınar A, Karabudak SS, Çoban A, Adana F. Gebelikte aile içi şiddete maruz kalmanın postpartum depresyon ve maternal bağlanmaya etkisi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;7(1):94-102. doi:10.30569.adiyamansaglik.806662.
  • 8. Uyar M, Yıldırım Öztürk EN, Duman H, Şahin T.K. X ili X ilçesinde yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzeri gebe kadınların depresyon riski sıklığının ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2021;18(3):894-900. doi: 10.38136/jgon.739813.
  • 9. Beji NK, Murat M, Köse S. Perinatal dönem ruh sağlığı sorunları ve hemşirelik yaklaşımı. Black Sea Journal of Health Science. 2022;5(1):116-123. doi: 10.19127/bshealthscience.897439
  • 10. Bödecs T, Horvath B, Kovacs L, Diffellne Nemeth M, Sandor J. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in early pregnancy on a population based Hungarian sample. Orv Hetil. 2009;150:1888-1893. doi: 10.1556/OH.2009.28712.
  • 11. Banti S, Mauri M, Oppo A, Borri C, Rambelli C, Ramacciotti D, Cassano G B. From the third month of pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. Prevalence, incidence, recurrence, and new onset of depression. Results from the perinatal depression research & screening unit study. Compr Psychiatry. 2011;52(4):343–351. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.08.003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.08.003.
  • 12. Fiala A, Švancara J, Klánová J, Kašpárek T. Sociodemographic and delivery risk factors for developing postpartum depression in a sample of 3233 mothers from the Czech ELSPAC study. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:104. https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12888-017-1261-y.pdf doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1261-y. 13. Top ED, Karaçam Z. Effectiveness of structured education in reduction of postpartum depression scores: a quasi-experimental study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2016;30(3):356-362. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2015.12.009.
  • 14. Top ED, Cetisli NE, Guclu S, Zengin EB. Paternal depression rates in prenatal and postpartum periods and affecting factors. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2016;30(6):747-752. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2016.07.005
  • 15. Gentile S. Untreated depression during pregnancy: Short- and long-term effects in offspring: A systematic review. Neuroscience. 2017;342:154-166. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.001.
  • 16. Zaman FK, Özkan N, Toprak D. Gebelikte depresyon ve anksiyete. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi. 2018;10(1):20-25. doi: 10.18521/ktd.311793
  • 17. Bae HS, Kim SY, Hong Seok Ahn HS, Cho YK. Comparison of nutrient intake, life style variables, and pregnancy outcomes by the depression degree of pregnant women. Nutr Res Pract. 2010;4(4):323–331. PMİD:20827349. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.4.323.
  • 18. Omidvar S, Faramarzi M, Hajian-Tilak K, Nasiri Amiri F. Associations of psychosocial factors with pregnancy healthy life styles. PloS one. 2018;13(1): e0191723. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191723.
  • 19. Walker SN, Sechrist KR, Pender NJ. The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile: development and psychometric characteristics. Nurs Res. 1987;36(2):76–81. PMİD:3644262.
  • 20. Chorwe-Sungani G, Chipps J. A systematic review of screening instruments for depression for use in antenatal services in low resource settings. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1273-7. doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1273-7.
  • 21. Süt HK, Seçil Hür. Üreme çağında, gebe ve postpartum dönemde olan kadınların sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2020;5(2):243-256. https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.677437.
  • 22. Doğum Sonu Bakım Yönetimi Rehberi. Yayın No: 925. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Kadın ve Üreme Sağlığı Daire Başkanlığı; 2014. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/dsbyr_2.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 1 Mart, 2022.
  • 23. Aksoy YE, Turfan EÇ, Yılmaz SD. Normal ve riskli gebeliklerde sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi. Perinatoloji Dergisi. 2017;25(1):26-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.2399/prn.17.0251006.
  • 24. Karataş, N. Hemşirelikte Araştırma, İlke, Süreç ve Yöntemleri. Ed: İnci Erefe. Fourth Press. Odak Ofset Printing. January 2012. ISBN 978-605-62845-0-2.
  • 25. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782-786.
  • 26. Engindeniz AN, Küey L, Kültür S. Edinburgh doğum sonrası depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formu geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Bahar Sempozyumları. 1996;1:51-2.
  • 27. Bahar Z, Beşer A, Gördes N, Ersin F, Kıssal A. Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ölçeği II’ nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi. 2008;12(1):1-13.
  • 28. Atalay D, Özyürek A. Gebelerde prenatal bağlanma ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stres ilişkisi. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;6(1):46-59. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.1029374.
  • 29. Gokyildiz S, Alan S, Elmas E, Bostanci A, Kucuk E. Health-promoting lifestyle behaviours in pregnant women in Turkey. Int J Nurs Pract. 2014;20:390−7. doi: 10.1111/ijn.12187
  • 30. Onat G, Aba YA. Health-promoting lifestyles and related factors among pregnant women. Turkish Journal of Public Health. 2014;12:69–79. https://doi.org/10.20518/thsd.69694.
  • 31. Cyphers NA, Clements AD, Lindseth G. The relationship between religiosity and health-promoting behaviors in pregnant women. West J Nurs Res. 2017;39:1429−46. doi: 10.1177/0193945916679623
  • 32. Kanığ M, Eroglu K. Gebelikte algılanan sosyal destek düzeyi ile sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2020;11(4):333-340. doi: 10.14744/phd.2020.89156
  • 33. Tekke M, Coşkun M. Kendini tanıma, kendini gerçekleştirme, kendini aşmışlık, potansiyelin tam kullanan kişi: kişilerarası iletişim. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019;18(70):790-797. doi:10.17755/esosder.454355
  • 34. Bahabadi FJ, Estebsari F, Rohani C, Kandi ZRK, Sefidkar R, Mostafaei D. Predictors of health-promoting lifestyle in pregnant women based on Pender’s health promotion model. International Journal of Women's Health. 2020;12:71-77. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S235169.
  • 35. Hamzehgardeshi Z, Gelehkolaee Keshvar S, Kardan Soraky M. Health-promoting lifestyles and related factors in pregnant women. Int Med Med Investigation J. 2018;3(4):12–17. doi:10.24200/imminv.v2i4.165.
  • 36. Fathnezhad-Kazemi A, Hajian S. Factors influencing the adoption of health promoting behaviors in overweight pregnant women: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:43. doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2199-5
  • 37. Ghoneim HM, Elprince M, Ali TYM, Gharieb WF, Ahmed AA. Violence and depression among pregnant women in Egypt. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2021;21(1):1-7. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-03932-0.
  • 38. Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS, Hibbeln JR, Hurley D, Kolick V, Peoples S, Rodriguez N, Woodward-Lopez G. Nutrition and behavioral health disorders: depression and anxiety. Nutrition Reviews. 2021;79(3):247-260. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa025.
  • 39. Nakamura A, van der Waerden J, Melchior M, Bolze C, El-Khoury F, Pryor L. Physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2019;246:29-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.009. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.009.
  • 40. Civan A, Özdemir İ, Gencer YG, Durmaz M. Egzersiz ve stres hormonları. Türkiye Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;2(1):1-14. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/495684.
  • 41. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period: ACOG committee opinion, number 804. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(4):e178-e88. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003772.
Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 376 - 386, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1120795

Abstract

Project Number

-

References

  • 1. Wynter K, Rowe H, Fisher J. Common mental disorders in women and men in the first six months after the birth of their first infant: a community study in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Affective Disorder. 2013;151(3):980-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.08.021.
  • 2. Koh YW, Chui CY, Tang CSK, Lee AM. The prevalence and risk factors of paternal depression from the antenatal to the postpartum period and the relationships between antenatal and postpartum depression among fathers in Hong Kong. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Depression Research and Treatment. 2014, Article ID 127632, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/127632. doi: 10.1155/2014/127632.
  • 3. Corcoran J, Marinescu I, Vogelsang C, Kim JC. Prevalence of depression during pregnancy and postpartum periods in low-income women in developed countries. Journal of Public Health. 2022;1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01662-3.
  • 4. Çolak B, Ongun F, Aras ÖS, Demirkol ME. Gebelik ve doğum sonrası depresyon. Çukurova Tıp Öğrenci Dergisi. 2022;1(2):43-49. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2194067.
  • 5. Çalık KY, Aktaş S. Gebelikte depresyon: sıklık, risk faktörleri ve tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2011;3(1):142-162. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/115127.
  • 6. Kirkan TS, Aydin N, Yazici E, Akcali Aslan P, Acemoglu H, Daloglu AG. The Depression in women in pregnancy and postpartum period: A follow-up study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2015;61(4):343–349. doi: 10.1177/0020764014543713.
  • 7. Taşpınar A, Karabudak SS, Çoban A, Adana F. Gebelikte aile içi şiddete maruz kalmanın postpartum depresyon ve maternal bağlanmaya etkisi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;7(1):94-102. doi:10.30569.adiyamansaglik.806662.
  • 8. Uyar M, Yıldırım Öztürk EN, Duman H, Şahin T.K. X ili X ilçesinde yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzeri gebe kadınların depresyon riski sıklığının ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi. 2021;18(3):894-900. doi: 10.38136/jgon.739813.
  • 9. Beji NK, Murat M, Köse S. Perinatal dönem ruh sağlığı sorunları ve hemşirelik yaklaşımı. Black Sea Journal of Health Science. 2022;5(1):116-123. doi: 10.19127/bshealthscience.897439
  • 10. Bödecs T, Horvath B, Kovacs L, Diffellne Nemeth M, Sandor J. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in early pregnancy on a population based Hungarian sample. Orv Hetil. 2009;150:1888-1893. doi: 10.1556/OH.2009.28712.
  • 11. Banti S, Mauri M, Oppo A, Borri C, Rambelli C, Ramacciotti D, Cassano G B. From the third month of pregnancy to 1 year postpartum. Prevalence, incidence, recurrence, and new onset of depression. Results from the perinatal depression research & screening unit study. Compr Psychiatry. 2011;52(4):343–351. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.08.003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.08.003.
  • 12. Fiala A, Švancara J, Klánová J, Kašpárek T. Sociodemographic and delivery risk factors for developing postpartum depression in a sample of 3233 mothers from the Czech ELSPAC study. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:104. https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12888-017-1261-y.pdf doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1261-y. 13. Top ED, Karaçam Z. Effectiveness of structured education in reduction of postpartum depression scores: a quasi-experimental study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2016;30(3):356-362. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2015.12.009.
  • 14. Top ED, Cetisli NE, Guclu S, Zengin EB. Paternal depression rates in prenatal and postpartum periods and affecting factors. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2016;30(6):747-752. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2016.07.005
  • 15. Gentile S. Untreated depression during pregnancy: Short- and long-term effects in offspring: A systematic review. Neuroscience. 2017;342:154-166. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.001.
  • 16. Zaman FK, Özkan N, Toprak D. Gebelikte depresyon ve anksiyete. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi. 2018;10(1):20-25. doi: 10.18521/ktd.311793
  • 17. Bae HS, Kim SY, Hong Seok Ahn HS, Cho YK. Comparison of nutrient intake, life style variables, and pregnancy outcomes by the depression degree of pregnant women. Nutr Res Pract. 2010;4(4):323–331. PMİD:20827349. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.4.323.
  • 18. Omidvar S, Faramarzi M, Hajian-Tilak K, Nasiri Amiri F. Associations of psychosocial factors with pregnancy healthy life styles. PloS one. 2018;13(1): e0191723. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191723.
  • 19. Walker SN, Sechrist KR, Pender NJ. The Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile: development and psychometric characteristics. Nurs Res. 1987;36(2):76–81. PMİD:3644262.
  • 20. Chorwe-Sungani G, Chipps J. A systematic review of screening instruments for depression for use in antenatal services in low resource settings. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1273-7. doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1273-7.
  • 21. Süt HK, Seçil Hür. Üreme çağında, gebe ve postpartum dönemde olan kadınların sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi. 2020;5(2):243-256. https://doi.org/10.35232/estudamhsd.677437.
  • 22. Doğum Sonu Bakım Yönetimi Rehberi. Yayın No: 925. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu Kadın ve Üreme Sağlığı Daire Başkanlığı; 2014. https://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/Ekutuphane/kitaplar/dsbyr_2.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 1 Mart, 2022.
  • 23. Aksoy YE, Turfan EÇ, Yılmaz SD. Normal ve riskli gebeliklerde sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi. Perinatoloji Dergisi. 2017;25(1):26-31. doi: https://doi.org/10.2399/prn.17.0251006.
  • 24. Karataş, N. Hemşirelikte Araştırma, İlke, Süreç ve Yöntemleri. Ed: İnci Erefe. Fourth Press. Odak Ofset Printing. January 2012. ISBN 978-605-62845-0-2.
  • 25. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782-786.
  • 26. Engindeniz AN, Küey L, Kültür S. Edinburgh doğum sonrası depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formu geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Bahar Sempozyumları. 1996;1:51-2.
  • 27. Bahar Z, Beşer A, Gördes N, Ersin F, Kıssal A. Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ölçeği II’ nin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi. 2008;12(1):1-13.
  • 28. Atalay D, Özyürek A. Gebelerde prenatal bağlanma ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stres ilişkisi. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2022;6(1):46-59. https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.1029374.
  • 29. Gokyildiz S, Alan S, Elmas E, Bostanci A, Kucuk E. Health-promoting lifestyle behaviours in pregnant women in Turkey. Int J Nurs Pract. 2014;20:390−7. doi: 10.1111/ijn.12187
  • 30. Onat G, Aba YA. Health-promoting lifestyles and related factors among pregnant women. Turkish Journal of Public Health. 2014;12:69–79. https://doi.org/10.20518/thsd.69694.
  • 31. Cyphers NA, Clements AD, Lindseth G. The relationship between religiosity and health-promoting behaviors in pregnant women. West J Nurs Res. 2017;39:1429−46. doi: 10.1177/0193945916679623
  • 32. Kanığ M, Eroglu K. Gebelikte algılanan sosyal destek düzeyi ile sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2020;11(4):333-340. doi: 10.14744/phd.2020.89156
  • 33. Tekke M, Coşkun M. Kendini tanıma, kendini gerçekleştirme, kendini aşmışlık, potansiyelin tam kullanan kişi: kişilerarası iletişim. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019;18(70):790-797. doi:10.17755/esosder.454355
  • 34. Bahabadi FJ, Estebsari F, Rohani C, Kandi ZRK, Sefidkar R, Mostafaei D. Predictors of health-promoting lifestyle in pregnant women based on Pender’s health promotion model. International Journal of Women's Health. 2020;12:71-77. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S235169.
  • 35. Hamzehgardeshi Z, Gelehkolaee Keshvar S, Kardan Soraky M. Health-promoting lifestyles and related factors in pregnant women. Int Med Med Investigation J. 2018;3(4):12–17. doi:10.24200/imminv.v2i4.165.
  • 36. Fathnezhad-Kazemi A, Hajian S. Factors influencing the adoption of health promoting behaviors in overweight pregnant women: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19:43. doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2199-5
  • 37. Ghoneim HM, Elprince M, Ali TYM, Gharieb WF, Ahmed AA. Violence and depression among pregnant women in Egypt. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2021;21(1):1-7. doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-03932-0.
  • 38. Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS, Hibbeln JR, Hurley D, Kolick V, Peoples S, Rodriguez N, Woodward-Lopez G. Nutrition and behavioral health disorders: depression and anxiety. Nutrition Reviews. 2021;79(3):247-260. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa025.
  • 39. Nakamura A, van der Waerden J, Melchior M, Bolze C, El-Khoury F, Pryor L. Physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2019;246:29-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.009. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.009.
  • 40. Civan A, Özdemir İ, Gencer YG, Durmaz M. Egzersiz ve stres hormonları. Türkiye Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;2(1):1-14. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/495684.
  • 41. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period: ACOG committee opinion, number 804. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(4):e178-e88. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003772.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ekin Dila Topaloğlu Ören 0000-0002-7665-4524

Gül Ertem 0000-0002-5853-3980

Öznur Yaşar 0000-0002-4557-6826

Project Number -
Publication Date January 31, 2023
Submission Date May 24, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Topaloğlu Ören, E. D., Ertem, G., & Yaşar, Ö. (2023). The Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors During Pregnancy. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 7(1), 376-386. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1120795
AMA Topaloğlu Ören ED, Ertem G, Yaşar Ö. The Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors During Pregnancy. JBACHS. January 2023;7(1):376-386. doi:10.30621/jbachs.1120795
Chicago Topaloğlu Ören, Ekin Dila, Gül Ertem, and Öznur Yaşar. “The Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors During Pregnancy”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 2023): 376-86. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1120795.
EndNote Topaloğlu Ören ED, Ertem G, Yaşar Ö (January 1, 2023) The Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors During Pregnancy. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 7 1 376–386.
IEEE E. D. Topaloğlu Ören, G. Ertem, and Ö. Yaşar, “The Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors During Pregnancy”, JBACHS, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 376–386, 2023, doi: 10.30621/jbachs.1120795.
ISNAD Topaloğlu Ören, Ekin Dila et al. “The Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors During Pregnancy”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences 7/1 (January 2023), 376-386. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1120795.
JAMA Topaloğlu Ören ED, Ertem G, Yaşar Ö. The Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors During Pregnancy. JBACHS. 2023;7:376–386.
MLA Topaloğlu Ören, Ekin Dila et al. “The Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors During Pregnancy”. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 1, 2023, pp. 376-8, doi:10.30621/jbachs.1120795.
Vancouver Topaloğlu Ören ED, Ertem G, Yaşar Ö. The Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors During Pregnancy. JBACHS. 2023;7(1):376-8.