Absorptive Capacity and Technology Spillovers: A Case From Turkey

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 13 - 27, 01.06.2013

Basak Dalgic

Öz

Due to the increase of technological capacity by reverse engineering, learning by doing and imitation effects, the interaction of production units with each other will lead productivity increases through exchanging and utilizing new and more variety of intermediate and capital goods. Departing from the assumption that technology spillovers which emerge as externalities resulting from R&D investments that take place through the inputs of intermediate and capital goods, this study examines the domestic technology spillovers in Turkish manufacturing industry within the framework of absorptive capacity. Considering that the relation between technology spillovers and absorptive capacity may not be linear, threshold regression techniques are applied to manufacturing industry data over the period 1992-2001. The results of the analyses show the existence of domestic technology spillovers through imports in Turkish Manufacturing Industry. The main result of threshold regression analyses is that the efficiency of spillovers are differentiated with respect to the industry specific absorptive capacities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Technology spillover, absorptive capacity, threshold regression analysis, Turkish manufacturing industry.

Kaynakça

• Abramovitz, M. (1956). Resources and Output Trends in the United States since 1870. American Economic Review 46: 5-23
• Aghion, P. & Howitt, P. (1992). A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction. Econometrica, 323-3S
• Alıcı, A.A. & Ucal M.Ş. (2003). Foreign Direct Invesment, Exports and Output Growth of Turkey: Causality Analysis. European Trade Study Group (ETSG) 5th. Annual Conference, Madrid.
• Apergis, N., Economidou, C. & Filippidis, I. (2008). International Technology Spillovers, Human Capital and Productivity Linkages: Evidence from the Industrial Sector . Working Papers 08-30, Utrecht School of Economics.
• Aslanoğlu E. (2000). Spillover Effects of Foreign Direct Investments on Turkish Manufacturing Industry. Journal of International Development, 12, 8, 1111-1131, November.
• Coe, D. & Helpman E. & Hoffmaister A.W. (1997). North-South R&D Spillover. Economic Journal, 107,134-149.
• Coe, D. & Helpman E. (1995). International R&D Spillovers. European Economic Review, 39, 859-8
• Cohen, W. & Levinthal, D. (1986). The Endogeneity of Appropriability and R&D Investment. Mimeo, Carnegie-Mellon University.
• Cohen, W. & Levinthal, D. (1989). Innovation and learning: the two faces of R&D. Economic Journal 99, 569–596. 10.
• Cohen, W. & Levinthal, D. (1990). Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 35: 128-152.
• Crespo-Cuaresma, J. & Foster, N. & Scharler, J. (2004). On the Determinants of Absorptive Capacity: Evidence from OECD Countries. In: OeNB Workshops No. 2, Vienna, 58–81.
• Dalgıç, B. (2011). İthalat Aracılığıyla Teknoloji Yayılımları: Türkiye İmalat Sanayi Örneği, Unpublished PhD. Thesis.
• Dorfman, N.S. (1987). Innovation and Market Structure : Lessons from the Computer and Semiconductor Industries. Ballinger, Cambridge, Mass.
• Eicher, T.S. & Kim, S.C. (1998). Market Structure and Productivity Revisited: Endogenous Productivity, Training and Market Shares . Discussion Papers in Economics at the University of Washington 0075, Department of Economics at the University of Washington.
• Evenson, R. & Westphal, L., (1995). Technological change and technological strategy. In J. Behrman and T. N. Srinivasan (eds), Handbook of Development Economics, Vol. 3A. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
• Griffith, R. & Redding, S. & Reenen, J.V. (2000). Mapping The Two Faces Of R&D: Productivity Growth In A Panel Of OECD Industries . CEPR Discussion Papers 2457, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
• Grossman, G.M & Helpman E. (1991). Trade, Knowledge Spillovers, and Growth. European Economic Review, May, 35:3, 517-526.
• Grossman, G.M & Helpman E. (1995). Technology and Trade. Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), Discussion Papers, No:1134, 1-73.
• Grossman, G.M. & Helpman, E. (1997). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. The MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts.
• Hansen, B.E. (1996). Sample Splitting and Threshold Estimation . Boston College Working Papers in Economics 319, Boston College Department of Economics
• Hansen, B.E. (1999). Threshold Effects in Non-Dynamic Panels: Estimation, Testing and Inference. Journal of Econometrics 93, 345-368.
• Henry, M & Kneller, R. & Milner, C. (2009). Trade, technology transfer and national efficiency in developing countries. Eur Econ Rev 53: 237-254
• Jones, C. I. (1995). R&D-based models of economic growth. Journal of Political Economy 103, 759-7
• Jones, L.E. & Manuelli, R.E. (2005). Neoclassical Models of Endogenous Growth: The Effects of Fiscal Policy, Innovation and Fluctuations . Handbook of Economic Growth , in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 1, pages 13-65 Elsevier
• Kamien M.I. & Schwartz N.L. (1982). Market Structure and Innovation. Cambridge University Press. 1982, Cambridge
• Keller, W. (1998). Are international R&D spillovers trade-related? Analyzing spillovers among randomly matched trade partners. European Economic Review, 42, pp. 1469-1481
• Keller, W. (2002). Trade and the Transmission of Technology. Journal of Economic Growth 7, 5
• Kibritçioğlu, A. (1998). İktisadi Büyümenin Belirleyicileri ve Yeni Büyüme Modellerinde Beşeri Sermayenin Yeri. Ankara: AÜSBF Dergisi , 53/1-4: 207-230, Kinoshita, Y. (2000). R&D and technology spillovers via FDI: innovation and absorptive capacity. November. William Davidson Institute Working Paper No. 349.
• Lenger, A. & Taymaz, E. (2006). To innovate or to transfer? Journal of Evolutionary Economics , Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 137-153, April.
• Lichtenberg, F. & Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, B. (1998). International R&D spillovers: A comment. European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(8), pp. 1483-1491.
• Lopez-Pueyo, C. & Barcenilla-Visus, S. & Sanau, J. (2008). International R&D Spillovers and Manufacturing Productivity: A panel data analysis. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 19, 152-172.
• McGahan, A.M. & Silverman B.S. (2006). Profiting from technological innovation by others: The effect of competitor patenting on firm value. Research Policy 35: 1222-1242.
• Nelson R., Phelps E., 1966. “Investment in humans, technology diffusion and economic growth”, American Economic Review, 56, pp.66-75
• Parente, S.L. & Prescott, E.C. (1999). Barriers to Riches, Third Walras-Pareto Lecture, University of Lausanne, October.
• Rivera-Batiz, L.A. & Romer P.M. (1991). International Trade with Endogenous Technological Change. European Economic Review 35, 971-1001.
• Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy 98 (5), S71 – S
• Rosenberg, N. (1972). Factors affecting diffusion of technology. Explorations in Economic History, 10(1): 3-33.
• Roy, A. & Sikdar, A. (2003), Technology Absorption in Large and Small Enterprises: A Proposal for Comparative Research. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, Vol. 12, No. 2
• Schiff, M. & Wang, Y. & Olarreaga, M. (2002). Trade-related technology diffusion and the dynamics of North-South and South-South integration . Policy Research Working Paper Series 2861, The World Bank.
• Schiff, M. & Wang, Y. (2010). North-South Trade-Related Technology Diffusion: Virtuous Growth Cycles in Latin America . IZA Discussion Papers 4943, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
• Schumpeter, J.A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper
• Solow, Robert M. (1957). Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. Review of Economics and Statistics , Vol. 39, No. 3, August, pp. 312-320.
• Solow, Robert M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. Ouartery Journalof Economics, February, 70:1, 65-94.
• Taymaz, E. & Voyvoda, E. & Yılmaz K. (2008). Türkiye İmalat Sanayiinde Yapısal Dönüşüm, Üretkenlik ve Teknolojik Değişme Dinamikleri. Economic Research Center Working Papers in Economics 08/04, November
• Teixeira, A.C. & Fortuna, N, (2010). Human capital, R&D, trade, and long-run productivity. Testing the technological absorption hypothesis for the Portuguese economy, 1960-2001 . Research Policy , Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 335-350, April.
• Wang Y. (2005). North-South Technology Diffusion: How Important Are Trade, FDI and International Telecommunications? The Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, Carleton University, Ottawa
• Xu, B. & Wang J. (1999). Capital Goods Trade and R&D Spillovers in the OECD. Canadian Journal of Economics 15, 585-601.
• Yılmaz, K. & Özler, Ş. (2004). Foreign Direct Investment and Productivity Spillovers: Identifying Linkages through Product-based Measures. Koç University, Istanbul, Mimeograph, 2004