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Metaverse for Enhancing Animal Welfare - Leveraging Sensor Technology and Ethical Considerations

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 6 - 14
https://doi.org/10.57020/ject.1460995

Abstract

The metaverse, a virtual world where real-world aspects merge with artificial intelligence, immersive experiences, and high-level digital connectivity, is increasingly being applied in animal farming. This integration offers significant opportunities for addressing climate change and promoting sustainable food production. However, it also raises several ethical issues, particularly concerning animal rights. This paper evaluates these ethical considerations, emphasizing the need for a thorough examination of how sensor technology affects animals' perception and autonomy. Key findings indicate that while metaverse technologies can enhance animal welfare through improved monitoring and optimized living conditions, they also pose risks of detachment and commodification. The design of animal-friendly environments must balance technological advancement with ethical approaches to animal welfare. Critical factors such as ethical reflection, socio-economic impact, and the ability to retrieve meaningful information must be considered to maintain sensitivity and trust in these technologies. Moreover, the paper highlights the importance of addressing inequalities in access and adoption of metaverse technologies, which can significantly benefit animal farming. The potential of the metaverse to revolutionize the agri-food sector, particularly in animal agriculture, remains vast but requires further research to fully understand its implications. This paper concludes that a conscientious and ethical approach is essential for integrating metaverse technologies into animal farming, ensuring that animal welfare and equitable practices are prioritized for a sustainable future.

References

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  • R. W. Kim, J. G. Kim, I. B. Lee, U. H. Yeo, and S. Y. Lee, "Development of a VR simulator for educating CFD-computed internal environment of piglet house," Biosystems Engineering, vol. 188, pp. 243-264, 2019.
  • S. Neethirajan and B. Kemp, "Digital twins in livestock farming," Animals, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 1008, 2021.
  • P. Phupattanasilp and S. R. Tong, "Augmented reality in the integrative internet of things (AR-IoT): Application for precision farming," Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 9, p. 2658, 2019.
  • N. Fejzic, S. Seric-Haracic, and Z. Mehmedbasic, "From white coat and gumboots to virtual reality and digitalisation: where is veterinary medicine now?," in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 333, no. 1, p. 012009, IOP Publishing, September 2019.
  • M. Ronaghi and M. H. Ronaghi, "Investigating the impact of economic, political, and social factors on augmented reality technology acceptance in agriculture (livestock farming) sector in a developing country," Technology in Society, vol. 67, p. 101739, 2021.
  • E. Klaas and M. Roopaei, "Immersive analytics application in smart agriculture and animal behavior," in 2021 IEEE 11th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), pp. 0290-0296, IEEE, 2021.
  • N. Norouzi, K. Kim, G. Bruder, J. N. Bailenson, P. Wisniewski, and G. F. Welch, "The advantages of virtual dogs over virtual people: Using augmented reality to provide social support in stressful situations," International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 165, p. 102838, 2022.
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  • M. Sagehorn, M. Johnsdorf, J. Kisker, S. Sylvester, T. Gruber, and B. Schöne, "Real-life relevant face perception is not captured by the N170 but reflected in later potentials: A comparison of 2D and virtual reality stimuli," Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 14, 2023.
  • N. Elmqaddem, "Augmented reality and virtual reality in education. Myth or reality?," International journal of emerging technologies in learning, vol. 14, no. 3, 2019.
  • R. Du, E. Turner, M. Dzitsiuk, L. Prasso, I. Duarte, J. Dourgarian, J. Afonso, J. Pascoal, J. Gladstone, N. Cruces, and S. Izadi, "DepthLab: Real-time 3D interaction with depth maps for mobile augmented reality," in Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 829-843, October 2020.
  • J. D. Bolter, M. Engberg, and B. MacIntyre, Reality Media: Augmented and Virtual Reality, MIT Press, 2021.
  • P. Monteiro, G. Goncalves, H. Coelho, M. Melo, and M. Bessa, "Hands-free interaction in immersive virtual reality: A systematic review," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 2702-2713, 2021.
  • S. Friston, E. Griffith, D. Swapp, C. Lrondi, F. Jjunju, R. Ward, A. Marshall, and A. Steed, "Quality of service impact on edge physics simulations for VR," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 2691-2701, 2021.
  • L. Li, G. Freeman, K. Schulenberg, and D. Acena, ""We Cried on Each Other’s Shoulders": How LGBTQ+ Individuals Experience Social Support in Social Virtual Reality," in Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1-16, April 2023.
  • U. Farooq, I. Rabbi, S. Akbar, K. Zia, and W. U. Rehman, "The impact of design on improved learning in virtual worlds: an experimental study," Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 81, no. 13, pp. 18033-18051, 2022.
  • D. Wu, Z. Yang, P. Zhang, R. Wang, B. Yang, and X. Ma, "Virtual-Reality Inter-Promotion Technology for Metaverse: A Survey," IEEE Internet of Things Journal. DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2023.3265848, 2023.
  • T. Piumsomboon, Y. Lee, G. A. Lee, A. Dey, and M. Billinghurst, "Empathic mixed reality: Sharing what you feel and interacting with what you see," in 2017 International Symposium on Ubiquitous Virtual Reality (ISUVR), pp. 38-41, IEEE, June 2017.
  • P. Bertrand, J. Guegan, L. Robieux, C. A. McCall, and F. Zenasni, "Learning empathy through virtual reality: multiple strategies for training empathy-related abilities using body ownership illusions in embodied virtual reality," Frontiers in Robotics and AI, p. 26, 2018.
  • L. Klerkx, E. Jakku, and P. Labarthe, "A review of social science on digital agriculture, smart farming and agriculture 4.0: New contributions and a future research agenda," NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, vol. 90, p. 100315, 2019.
  • M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R. P. Singh, and R. Suman, "Enhancing smart farming through the applications of Agriculture 4.0 technologies," International Journal of Intelligent Networks, vol. 3, pp. 150-164, 2022.
  • T. Gillpatrick, S. Boğa, and O. Aldanmaz, "How can blockchain contribute to developing country economies? A literature review on application areas," Economics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 105-128, 2022.
  • M. Matheny, S. T. Israni, M. Ahmed, and D. Whicher, "Artificial intelligence in health care: The hope, the hype, the promise, the peril," Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine, 2019.
  • S. Neethirajan and B. Kemp, "Social network analysis in farm animals: Sensor-based approaches," Animals, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 434, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020434
  • D. Lovarelli, J. Bacenetti, and M. Guarino, "A review on dairy cattle farming: Is precision livestock farming the compromise for an environmental, economic and social sustainable production?," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 262, p. 121409, 2020.
  • S. Neethirajan, "The role of sensors, big data and machine learning in modern animal farming," Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, vol. 29, p. 100367, 2020.
  • S. Neethirajan, "The Significance and Ethics of Digital Livestock Farming," AgriEngineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 488-505, 2023.
Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 6 - 14
https://doi.org/10.57020/ject.1460995

Abstract

References

  • E. Collarini, M. Gioia, G. Cordoni, and I. Norscia, "Does the domestication syndrome apply to the domestic pig? Not completely," Animals, vol. 12, no. 18, p. 2458, 2022.
  • G. Van der Horst and L. Maree, "Origin, migration, and reproduction of indigenous domestic animals with special reference to their sperm quality," Animals, vol. 12, no. 5, p. 657, 2022.
  • Y. Liu, X. Ma, L. Shu, G. P. Hancke, and A. M. Abu-Mahfouz, "From Industry 4.0 to Agriculture 4.0: Current status, enabling technologies, and research challenges," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 4322-4334, 2020.
  • S. Neethirajan and B. Kemp, "Digital Livestock farming," Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, vol. 32, p. 100408, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbsr.2021.100408
  • I. Poulopoulou, C. Lambertz, and M. Gauly, "Are automated sensors a reliable tool to estimate behavioural activities in grazing beef cattle?," Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol. 216, pp. 1-5, 2019.
  • C. Kirchhelle, "Pharming animals: a global history of antibiotics in food production (1935–2017)," Palgrave Communications, vol. 4, no. 1, 2018.
  • M. M. Rojas-Downing, A. P. Nejadhashemi, T. Harrigan, and S. A. Woznicki, "Climate change and livestock: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation," Climate Risk Management, vol. 16, pp. 145-163, 2017.
  • S. Neethirajan, Metaverse for Modern Animal Farming, Amazon, ISBN-10: 9692992446, 2023.
  • J. O. Hampton, T. H. Hyndman, B. L. Allen, and B. Fischer, "Animal harms and food production: Informing ethical choices," Animals, vol. 11, no. 5, p. 1225, 2021.
  • M. DeMello, "The Animal Protection Movement," in Animals and Society, pp. 470-501, Columbia University Press, 2021.
  • R. Carey, C. Parker, and G. Scrinis, "How Free Is Sow Stall Free? Incremental Regulatory Reform and Industry Co-optation of Activism," Law & Policy, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 284-309, 2020.
  • J. Radianti, T. A. Majchrzak, J. Fromm, and I. Wohlgenannt, "A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: Design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda," Computers & Education, vol. 147, 103778, 2020.
  • R. W. Kim, J. G. Kim, I. B. Lee, U. H. Yeo, and S. Y. Lee, "Development of a VR simulator for educating CFD-computed internal environment of piglet house," Biosystems Engineering, vol. 188, pp. 243-264, 2019.
  • S. Neethirajan and B. Kemp, "Digital twins in livestock farming," Animals, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 1008, 2021.
  • P. Phupattanasilp and S. R. Tong, "Augmented reality in the integrative internet of things (AR-IoT): Application for precision farming," Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 9, p. 2658, 2019.
  • N. Fejzic, S. Seric-Haracic, and Z. Mehmedbasic, "From white coat and gumboots to virtual reality and digitalisation: where is veterinary medicine now?," in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 333, no. 1, p. 012009, IOP Publishing, September 2019.
  • M. Ronaghi and M. H. Ronaghi, "Investigating the impact of economic, political, and social factors on augmented reality technology acceptance in agriculture (livestock farming) sector in a developing country," Technology in Society, vol. 67, p. 101739, 2021.
  • E. Klaas and M. Roopaei, "Immersive analytics application in smart agriculture and animal behavior," in 2021 IEEE 11th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), pp. 0290-0296, IEEE, 2021.
  • N. Norouzi, K. Kim, G. Bruder, J. N. Bailenson, P. Wisniewski, and G. F. Welch, "The advantages of virtual dogs over virtual people: Using augmented reality to provide social support in stressful situations," International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 165, p. 102838, 2022.
  • H. Naik, R. Bastien, N. Navab, and I. Couzin, "Animals in metaverse," arXiv preprint arXiv:1912.12763, 2019.
  • J. R. Stowers, M. Hofbauer, R. Bastien, J. Griessner, P. Higgins, S. Farooqui, R. M. Fischer, K. Nowikovsky, W. Haubensak, I. D. Couzin, and K. Tessmar-Raible, "Virtual reality for freely moving animals," Nature Methods, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 995-1002, 2017.
  • M. Bower, D. DeWitt, and J. W. Lai, "Reasons associated with preservice teachers’ intention to use immersive virtual reality in education," British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 2215-2233, 2020.
  • J. R. J. Neo, A. S. Won, and M. M. Shepley, "Designing immersive metaverse for human behavior research," Frontiers in Virtual Reality, vol. 2, p. 603750, 2021.
  • M. Sagehorn, M. Johnsdorf, J. Kisker, S. Sylvester, T. Gruber, and B. Schöne, "Real-life relevant face perception is not captured by the N170 but reflected in later potentials: A comparison of 2D and virtual reality stimuli," Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 14, 2023.
  • N. Elmqaddem, "Augmented reality and virtual reality in education. Myth or reality?," International journal of emerging technologies in learning, vol. 14, no. 3, 2019.
  • R. Du, E. Turner, M. Dzitsiuk, L. Prasso, I. Duarte, J. Dourgarian, J. Afonso, J. Pascoal, J. Gladstone, N. Cruces, and S. Izadi, "DepthLab: Real-time 3D interaction with depth maps for mobile augmented reality," in Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 829-843, October 2020.
  • J. D. Bolter, M. Engberg, and B. MacIntyre, Reality Media: Augmented and Virtual Reality, MIT Press, 2021.
  • P. Monteiro, G. Goncalves, H. Coelho, M. Melo, and M. Bessa, "Hands-free interaction in immersive virtual reality: A systematic review," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 2702-2713, 2021.
  • S. Friston, E. Griffith, D. Swapp, C. Lrondi, F. Jjunju, R. Ward, A. Marshall, and A. Steed, "Quality of service impact on edge physics simulations for VR," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 2691-2701, 2021.
  • L. Li, G. Freeman, K. Schulenberg, and D. Acena, ""We Cried on Each Other’s Shoulders": How LGBTQ+ Individuals Experience Social Support in Social Virtual Reality," in Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1-16, April 2023.
  • U. Farooq, I. Rabbi, S. Akbar, K. Zia, and W. U. Rehman, "The impact of design on improved learning in virtual worlds: an experimental study," Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 81, no. 13, pp. 18033-18051, 2022.
  • D. Wu, Z. Yang, P. Zhang, R. Wang, B. Yang, and X. Ma, "Virtual-Reality Inter-Promotion Technology for Metaverse: A Survey," IEEE Internet of Things Journal. DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2023.3265848, 2023.
  • T. Piumsomboon, Y. Lee, G. A. Lee, A. Dey, and M. Billinghurst, "Empathic mixed reality: Sharing what you feel and interacting with what you see," in 2017 International Symposium on Ubiquitous Virtual Reality (ISUVR), pp. 38-41, IEEE, June 2017.
  • P. Bertrand, J. Guegan, L. Robieux, C. A. McCall, and F. Zenasni, "Learning empathy through virtual reality: multiple strategies for training empathy-related abilities using body ownership illusions in embodied virtual reality," Frontiers in Robotics and AI, p. 26, 2018.
  • L. Klerkx, E. Jakku, and P. Labarthe, "A review of social science on digital agriculture, smart farming and agriculture 4.0: New contributions and a future research agenda," NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, vol. 90, p. 100315, 2019.
  • M. Javaid, A. Haleem, R. P. Singh, and R. Suman, "Enhancing smart farming through the applications of Agriculture 4.0 technologies," International Journal of Intelligent Networks, vol. 3, pp. 150-164, 2022.
  • T. Gillpatrick, S. Boğa, and O. Aldanmaz, "How can blockchain contribute to developing country economies? A literature review on application areas," Economics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 105-128, 2022.
  • M. Matheny, S. T. Israni, M. Ahmed, and D. Whicher, "Artificial intelligence in health care: The hope, the hype, the promise, the peril," Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine, 2019.
  • S. Neethirajan and B. Kemp, "Social network analysis in farm animals: Sensor-based approaches," Animals, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 434, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020434
  • D. Lovarelli, J. Bacenetti, and M. Guarino, "A review on dairy cattle farming: Is precision livestock farming the compromise for an environmental, economic and social sustainable production?," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 262, p. 121409, 2020.
  • S. Neethirajan, "The role of sensors, big data and machine learning in modern animal farming," Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research, vol. 29, p. 100367, 2020.
  • S. Neethirajan, "The Significance and Ethics of Digital Livestock Farming," AgriEngineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 488-505, 2023.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Computer Vision
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Suresh Neethirajan 0000-0003-0990-0235

Early Pub Date July 24, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date March 29, 2024
Acceptance Date July 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Neethirajan, S. (2024). Metaverse for Enhancing Animal Welfare - Leveraging Sensor Technology and Ethical Considerations. Journal of Emerging Computer Technologies, 4(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.57020/ject.1460995
Journal of Emerging Computer Technologies
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