Development Study of Academic Resilience Scale for Gifted Young Scientists Education
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 343 - 359, 15.03.2020
Zulfikar Zulfikar
Nur Hıdayah
Triyono Trıyono
İmanuel Hıtıpeuw
Öz
Heretofore, there are still limitations of instruments to measure student academic resilience scale of senior high school, especially in Indonesia. Thus, there is a need of an excellent academic resilience scale instrument design. This article aims to evaluate construct validity and instrument reliability of an academic resilience scale instrument. It is designed to collect senior high school students’ academic resilience levels. The developed academic resilience scale could be used by gifted young scientists. The conducted evaluation procedure is construct validity through Exploration Factor Analysis (EFA). The instrument was tested for 181 senior high school students. The analysis results were obtained from 22 of 24 question items which met requirements of academic resilience construct representations. self-efficacy, control, plan, low anxiety, and diligence. The reliability test was Split-Half Method with coefficient 0.723, meaning that the instrument is reliable. The academic resilience score could be used as data collection instrument or need assessment.
Destekleyen Kurum
STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat
Teşekkür
LPDP-BUDI-DN
Contract Number : PRJ-6549/LPDP.3/2016
Kaynakça
- Abdurrahman, Ariyani, F., Maulina, H., & Nurulsari, N. (2019). Design and Validation of Inquiry-based STEM Learning Strategy as a Powerful Alternative Solution to Facilitate Gifted Students Facing 21st Century Challenging. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(1), 33–56. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/jegys.513308
- Abolghasemi, A., & Taklavi Varaniyab, S. (2010). Resilience and perceived stress: Predictors of life satisfaction in the students of success and failure. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5(2), 748–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.178
- Albuquerque, C., Almeida, J., Cunha, M., Madureira, A., & Andrade, A. (2015). Protective Resilience Factors in Institutionalised Portuguese Adolescents. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 171, 276–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.122
- Azwar, S. (2018). Reliabilitas dan Validitas. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
- Cassidy, S. (2015). Resilience building in students: The role of academic self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(1781), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01781
- Cloete, G. E. N., & Ballard, H. H. (2011). Factors influencing academic resilience of trainees in entrepreneurial development programmes: A case from Saldanha Bay Municipal Area in South Africa. International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 10(3), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1386/tmsd.10.3.217_1
- Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th Ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
- Cronbach, L. J. (1990). Essentials of Psychological Testing (5th ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
- De Castella, K., Byrne, D., & Covington, M. (2013). Unmotivated or Motivated to Fail? A Cross-Cultural Study of Achievement Motivation, Fear of Failure, and Student Disengagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105, 861–880.
- Desmita. (2009). Mengembangkan Resiliensi Remaja Dalam Upaya Mengatasi Stres Sekolah. Jurnal Ta’dib, 12(1), 1–10.
- Dewi, N. R. & W. H. (2014). Faktor Protektif untuk Mencapai Resiliensi pada Remaja Setelah Perceraian Orangtua. Jurnal Psikologi Klinis Dan Kesehatan Mental, 3(3), 37–43.
- Ginsburg, K. R. (2006). A Parent’s Guide to Building Resilience in Children and Teens. America: American Academy of Pediatrics.
- Guilford, J. P. (1956). Fundamental Statistic in Psychology and Education. 3rd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). UK: Pearson.
- Hendriani, W. (2018). Resiliensi Psikologis. Jakarta: Kencana.
- Hupfeld, K. (2010). A Review of the Literature Resiliency Skills and Dropout Prevention. ScholarCentric. Com, 1–8. Retrieved from http://datacenter.spps.org/sites/2259653e-ffb3-45ba-8fd6-04a024ecf7a4/uploads/SC_Resiliency_WP_FNL[1].pdf
- Ilhan, F., Ozfidan., & Yilmaz, S. (2019). Home Visit Effectiveness on Students’ Classroom Behavior and Academic Achievement. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 10(1), 61–80.
- Jowkar, B., Kojuri, J., Kohoulat, N., & Hayat, A. A. (2014). Academic resilience in education: the role of achievement goal orientations. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 2(1), 33–38.
- Khalaf, M. A. (2014). Validity and Reliability of the Academic Resilience Scale in Egyptian Context. US-China Education Review B, 4(3), 202–210.
- Khanlou, N., & Wray, R. (2014). A Whole Community Approach toward Child and Youth Resilience Promotion: A Review of Resilience Literature. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 12(1), 64–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-013-9470-1
- Kunt, K., & Tortop, H. S. (2017). Examination of Science and Technology Teachers ’ Attitude and Opinions Related Giftedness and Gifted Education in Turkey. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 5(1), 37–54.
- Liebenberg, L., Theron, L., Sanders, J., Munford, R., van Rensburg, A., Rothmann, S., & Ungar, M. (2016). Bolstering resilience through teacher-student interaction: Lessons for school psychologists. School Psychology International, 37(2), 140–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034315614689
- Luthar, S. S. (2003). Resilience and Vulnerability Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Press.
- Martin, Andrew J. & Marsh, H. W. (2003). “Academic resilience and the four Cs: Confidence, control, composure, and commitment”, Self-concept enhancement and learning facilitation research centre. Australia: University of Western Sydney.
- Martin, A. J. (2013). Academic buoyancy and academic resilience: Exploring “everyday” and “classic” resilience in the face of academic adversity. School Psychology International, 34(5), 488–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034312472759
- Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2006). Academic resilience and its psychological and educational correlates: A construct validity approach. Psychology in the Schools, 43(3), 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20149
- Mayasari, R. (2014). Mengembangkan Pribadi Yang Tangguh Melalui Pengembangan Keterampilan Resilience. Jurnal Dakwah, XV(2), 265–287.
- Mnguni, L. (2019). A Theoretical Framework for Training Science Teachers in the 21 st Century to Enhance Social Accountability in Poor Communities. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(2), 159–175. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/jegys.529459
- Morales, E. E. (2008). Exceptional Female Students of Color: Academic Resilience and Gender in Higher Education. Innovative Higher Education, 33, 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-008-9075-y
- Mwangi, CN., Okatcha, FM., Kinai, TK., & Ireri, A. (2015). Relationship between Academic Resilience and Academic Achievement among Secondary School Students in Kiambu County, Kenya. International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology, 1(s2), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-9837.S2-003
- Nota, L., Soresi, S., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2004). Self-regulation and academic achievement and resilience : A longitudinal study. International Journal of Educational Research, 41, 198–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2005.07.001
- Perez-Sales, P., Cervellon, P., Vazquez, C., Vidales, D., & Gaborit, M. (2005). Post-traumatic factors and resilience: The role of shelter management and survivours’ attitudes after the earthquakes in El Salvador (2001). Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 15(5), 368–382. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.827
- Permata, D. C. & R. A. L. (2015). Peranan Pola Asuh Orang Tua dalam Memprediksi Resiliensi Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama yang Merantau di Jakarta. Prosiding PESAT (Psikologi, Ekonomi, Sastra, Arsitektur &Teknik Sipil), 6.
- Putra, Y. M. P. (2017). Indonesia Memiliki Banyak Ilmuwan Muda Berbakat. Republika.co.id. Retrieved from https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/17/07/22/othc98284-indonesia-miliki-banyak-ilmuwan-muda-berbakat
- Putranta, H. & J. (2019). Physics Teacher Efforts of Islamic High School in Yogyakarta to Minimize Students â€TM Anxiety When Facing the Assessment of Physics Learning Outcomes. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(2), 119–136. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/jegys.552091
- Reivich, Karen & Andrew, S. (2002). The Recilience Factor. New York: Broadway Books.
- Renzulli, J. S. (2005). The three-ring conception of giftedness. In R.J. Stenberg & J.E. Davidson (Eds.). 2nd Ed. Conceptionsof Giftedness. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Roellyana, S. & R. A. L. (2016). Peranan Optimisme terhadap Resiliensi pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir yang Mengerjakan Skripsi. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Peneliti Muda Psikologi Indonesia, 1(1), 29–37.
- Sadiku, Grevista S & Sylaj, V. (2019). Factors That Influence the Level of the Academic Performance of the Students. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 10(3), 17–38.
- Satyaninrum, I. R. (2014). Pengaruh School Engagement, Locus of Control, Dan Social Support terhadap Resiliensi Akademik Remaja. Tazkiya Journal of Psycologi, 19(5), 1–19.
- Schoon, I. (2006). Risk and Resilience Adaptations In Changing Times. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Seginer, R. (2008). Future orientation in times of threat and challenge: How resilient adolescents construct their future. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(4), 272–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408090970
- Somchit, S & Sriyaporn, P. (2004). The Relationships Among Resilience Factors, Perception of Adversities, Negative Behavior, and Academic Achievement of 4th- to 6th-grade Children in Thad-Thong, Chonburi, Thailand. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 19(4), 294–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2004.02.004
- Steinhardt, M., & Dolbier, C. (2008). Evaluation of a Resilience Intervention to Enhance Coping Strategies and Protective Factors and Decrease Symptomatology. Journal of American College Health, 56(4), 445–453. https://doi.org/10.3200/JACH.56.44.445-454
- Sugiyono. (2012). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D). Bandung: Alfabeta.
- Tortop, H. S. (2015). A Comparison of Gifted and Non-gifted Students ’ Self-regulation Skills for Science Learning. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 3(1), 42–57. https://doi.org/10.17478/JEGYS.2015112017
- Uyun, Q. & R. (2012). Sabar (patience) and Salat (Praying) as a Model for Increasing Resilience in Disaster Area Yogyakarta. Jurnal Intervensi Psikologi, 4(2), 253–267.
- Wahab, R. (2005). The Underachieving Gifted. Jakarta.
- Walid, A., Sajidan, S., Ramli, M., & Gamal, R. (2019). Construction of The Assessment Concept to Measure Students â€TM High Order Thinking Skills. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(2), 237–251. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/jegys.528180
- Wandansari, Y. (2011). Faktor Protektif pada Penyesuaian Sosial Anak Berbakat. INSAN, 13(2), 85–95.
- Widyatmoko, W., Ayriza, Y., & Purwandika, R. (2019). Analisis faktor konfirmatori sebagai prosedur evaluasi konstruk skala kematangan karir. Counsellia: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan
Konseling, 9(1), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.25273/counsellia.v9i1.3689
- Wilks, S. (2008). Resilience amid academic stress: The moderating impact of social support among social work students. Advances in Social Work, 9(2), 106–125. Retrieved from http://advancesinsocialwork.iupui.edu/index.php/advancesinsocialwork/article/viewArticle/51
- Zolkoski, S. M., & Bullock, L. M. (2012). Resilience in children and youth : A review. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(12), 2295–2303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.08.009
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 343 - 359, 15.03.2020
Zulfikar Zulfikar
Nur Hıdayah
Triyono Trıyono
İmanuel Hıtıpeuw
Kaynakça
- Abdurrahman, Ariyani, F., Maulina, H., & Nurulsari, N. (2019). Design and Validation of Inquiry-based STEM Learning Strategy as a Powerful Alternative Solution to Facilitate Gifted Students Facing 21st Century Challenging. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(1), 33–56. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/jegys.513308
- Abolghasemi, A., & Taklavi Varaniyab, S. (2010). Resilience and perceived stress: Predictors of life satisfaction in the students of success and failure. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5(2), 748–752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.178
- Albuquerque, C., Almeida, J., Cunha, M., Madureira, A., & Andrade, A. (2015). Protective Resilience Factors in Institutionalised Portuguese Adolescents. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 171, 276–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.122
- Azwar, S. (2018). Reliabilitas dan Validitas. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
- Cassidy, S. (2015). Resilience building in students: The role of academic self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(1781), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01781
- Cloete, G. E. N., & Ballard, H. H. (2011). Factors influencing academic resilience of trainees in entrepreneurial development programmes: A case from Saldanha Bay Municipal Area in South Africa. International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 10(3), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.1386/tmsd.10.3.217_1
- Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th Ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.
- Cronbach, L. J. (1990). Essentials of Psychological Testing (5th ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
- De Castella, K., Byrne, D., & Covington, M. (2013). Unmotivated or Motivated to Fail? A Cross-Cultural Study of Achievement Motivation, Fear of Failure, and Student Disengagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105, 861–880.
- Desmita. (2009). Mengembangkan Resiliensi Remaja Dalam Upaya Mengatasi Stres Sekolah. Jurnal Ta’dib, 12(1), 1–10.
- Dewi, N. R. & W. H. (2014). Faktor Protektif untuk Mencapai Resiliensi pada Remaja Setelah Perceraian Orangtua. Jurnal Psikologi Klinis Dan Kesehatan Mental, 3(3), 37–43.
- Ginsburg, K. R. (2006). A Parent’s Guide to Building Resilience in Children and Teens. America: American Academy of Pediatrics.
- Guilford, J. P. (1956). Fundamental Statistic in Psychology and Education. 3rd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.). UK: Pearson.
- Hendriani, W. (2018). Resiliensi Psikologis. Jakarta: Kencana.
- Hupfeld, K. (2010). A Review of the Literature Resiliency Skills and Dropout Prevention. ScholarCentric. Com, 1–8. Retrieved from http://datacenter.spps.org/sites/2259653e-ffb3-45ba-8fd6-04a024ecf7a4/uploads/SC_Resiliency_WP_FNL[1].pdf
- Ilhan, F., Ozfidan., & Yilmaz, S. (2019). Home Visit Effectiveness on Students’ Classroom Behavior and Academic Achievement. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 10(1), 61–80.
- Jowkar, B., Kojuri, J., Kohoulat, N., & Hayat, A. A. (2014). Academic resilience in education: the role of achievement goal orientations. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 2(1), 33–38.
- Khalaf, M. A. (2014). Validity and Reliability of the Academic Resilience Scale in Egyptian Context. US-China Education Review B, 4(3), 202–210.
- Khanlou, N., & Wray, R. (2014). A Whole Community Approach toward Child and Youth Resilience Promotion: A Review of Resilience Literature. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 12(1), 64–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-013-9470-1
- Kunt, K., & Tortop, H. S. (2017). Examination of Science and Technology Teachers ’ Attitude and Opinions Related Giftedness and Gifted Education in Turkey. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 5(1), 37–54.
- Liebenberg, L., Theron, L., Sanders, J., Munford, R., van Rensburg, A., Rothmann, S., & Ungar, M. (2016). Bolstering resilience through teacher-student interaction: Lessons for school psychologists. School Psychology International, 37(2), 140–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034315614689
- Luthar, S. S. (2003). Resilience and Vulnerability Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Press.
- Martin, Andrew J. & Marsh, H. W. (2003). “Academic resilience and the four Cs: Confidence, control, composure, and commitment”, Self-concept enhancement and learning facilitation research centre. Australia: University of Western Sydney.
- Martin, A. J. (2013). Academic buoyancy and academic resilience: Exploring “everyday” and “classic” resilience in the face of academic adversity. School Psychology International, 34(5), 488–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034312472759
- Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2006). Academic resilience and its psychological and educational correlates: A construct validity approach. Psychology in the Schools, 43(3), 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20149
- Mayasari, R. (2014). Mengembangkan Pribadi Yang Tangguh Melalui Pengembangan Keterampilan Resilience. Jurnal Dakwah, XV(2), 265–287.
- Mnguni, L. (2019). A Theoretical Framework for Training Science Teachers in the 21 st Century to Enhance Social Accountability in Poor Communities. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(2), 159–175. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/jegys.529459
- Morales, E. E. (2008). Exceptional Female Students of Color: Academic Resilience and Gender in Higher Education. Innovative Higher Education, 33, 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-008-9075-y
- Mwangi, CN., Okatcha, FM., Kinai, TK., & Ireri, A. (2015). Relationship between Academic Resilience and Academic Achievement among Secondary School Students in Kiambu County, Kenya. International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology, 1(s2), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-9837.S2-003
- Nota, L., Soresi, S., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2004). Self-regulation and academic achievement and resilience : A longitudinal study. International Journal of Educational Research, 41, 198–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2005.07.001
- Perez-Sales, P., Cervellon, P., Vazquez, C., Vidales, D., & Gaborit, M. (2005). Post-traumatic factors and resilience: The role of shelter management and survivours’ attitudes after the earthquakes in El Salvador (2001). Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 15(5), 368–382. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.827
- Permata, D. C. & R. A. L. (2015). Peranan Pola Asuh Orang Tua dalam Memprediksi Resiliensi Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama yang Merantau di Jakarta. Prosiding PESAT (Psikologi, Ekonomi, Sastra, Arsitektur &Teknik Sipil), 6.
- Putra, Y. M. P. (2017). Indonesia Memiliki Banyak Ilmuwan Muda Berbakat. Republika.co.id. Retrieved from https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/17/07/22/othc98284-indonesia-miliki-banyak-ilmuwan-muda-berbakat
- Putranta, H. & J. (2019). Physics Teacher Efforts of Islamic High School in Yogyakarta to Minimize Students â€TM Anxiety When Facing the Assessment of Physics Learning Outcomes. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(2), 119–136. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/jegys.552091
- Reivich, Karen & Andrew, S. (2002). The Recilience Factor. New York: Broadway Books.
- Renzulli, J. S. (2005). The three-ring conception of giftedness. In R.J. Stenberg & J.E. Davidson (Eds.). 2nd Ed. Conceptionsof Giftedness. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Roellyana, S. & R. A. L. (2016). Peranan Optimisme terhadap Resiliensi pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir yang Mengerjakan Skripsi. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Peneliti Muda Psikologi Indonesia, 1(1), 29–37.
- Sadiku, Grevista S & Sylaj, V. (2019). Factors That Influence the Level of the Academic Performance of the Students. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 10(3), 17–38.
- Satyaninrum, I. R. (2014). Pengaruh School Engagement, Locus of Control, Dan Social Support terhadap Resiliensi Akademik Remaja. Tazkiya Journal of Psycologi, 19(5), 1–19.
- Schoon, I. (2006). Risk and Resilience Adaptations In Changing Times. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Seginer, R. (2008). Future orientation in times of threat and challenge: How resilient adolescents construct their future. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(4), 272–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408090970
- Somchit, S & Sriyaporn, P. (2004). The Relationships Among Resilience Factors, Perception of Adversities, Negative Behavior, and Academic Achievement of 4th- to 6th-grade Children in Thad-Thong, Chonburi, Thailand. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 19(4), 294–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2004.02.004
- Steinhardt, M., & Dolbier, C. (2008). Evaluation of a Resilience Intervention to Enhance Coping Strategies and Protective Factors and Decrease Symptomatology. Journal of American College Health, 56(4), 445–453. https://doi.org/10.3200/JACH.56.44.445-454
- Sugiyono. (2012). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D). Bandung: Alfabeta.
- Tortop, H. S. (2015). A Comparison of Gifted and Non-gifted Students ’ Self-regulation Skills for Science Learning. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 3(1), 42–57. https://doi.org/10.17478/JEGYS.2015112017
- Uyun, Q. & R. (2012). Sabar (patience) and Salat (Praying) as a Model for Increasing Resilience in Disaster Area Yogyakarta. Jurnal Intervensi Psikologi, 4(2), 253–267.
- Wahab, R. (2005). The Underachieving Gifted. Jakarta.
- Walid, A., Sajidan, S., Ramli, M., & Gamal, R. (2019). Construction of The Assessment Concept to Measure Students â€TM High Order Thinking Skills. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(2), 237–251. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/jegys.528180
- Wandansari, Y. (2011). Faktor Protektif pada Penyesuaian Sosial Anak Berbakat. INSAN, 13(2), 85–95.
- Widyatmoko, W., Ayriza, Y., & Purwandika, R. (2019). Analisis faktor konfirmatori sebagai prosedur evaluasi konstruk skala kematangan karir. Counsellia: Jurnal Bimbingan Dan
Konseling, 9(1), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.25273/counsellia.v9i1.3689
- Wilks, S. (2008). Resilience amid academic stress: The moderating impact of social support among social work students. Advances in Social Work, 9(2), 106–125. Retrieved from http://advancesinsocialwork.iupui.edu/index.php/advancesinsocialwork/article/viewArticle/51
- Zolkoski, S. M., & Bullock, L. M. (2012). Resilience in children and youth : A review. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(12), 2295–2303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.08.009