English and Its Labeling

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 111 - 125, 02.11.2022

Gülhan Narin

Öz

The present paper tries to explore and explain the ongoing debate for English and its labelings such as EIL, ELF, and World Language with the contribution of linguistics pioneers and some of their studies by literature review. The worldwide proliferation of the English language is not only linguistic, but also aids in the dissemination of data in the fields of studies, economics, and politics. Technological advances, industry, research, culture, and media are the other reasons why English has become so common and international around the world. It is also not only an elite language since it does not substitute for other languages that are learnable in a local environment. ‘English as a Lingua Franca (ELF)’ or ‘English as an International Language (EIL)’ are the preferred words by many scholars (House, 1999). Some scholars generally believe that there is no distinction between the words ELF, World Languages, or EIL. These are definitions ascribed to the structure of the language itself over time. Regardless of one’s mother tongue, people all speak in a more or less regular way at times. This can be disturbing and deviating for L2 speakers and learners. They are unsure if non-traditional or traditional language forms are the standard. The solution for preferring the standard one in the printed way can be achieved by serving the cultural aspects of a language and the norms with coursebooks. Even though it is too late for taking an action against the World Englishes because of the impact and usage in the World, there can be some pleasing ways and methods to make them understandable and pay respect to the ideas, as well.

Anahtar Kelimeler

English, English as a Lingua Franca, World Language, World Englishes

Kaynakça

• Alptekin. C. (2002). Towards intercultural communicative competence in ELT. ELT Journal, 56(1), 57-64.
• Canagarajah, A. S. (2005). Reclaiming the Local in Language Policy and Practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers.
• Crystal, D. (2000). Language death. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language (2nd Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Graddol, D. (2006). English next: Why global English may mean the end of ‘English as a foreign language’. London
• Jenkins, J. (2000). The phonology of English as an international language: New models, new norms, new goals. Oxford: Oxford University Press
• Jenkins, J. (2009). English as a lingua franca: Interpretations and attitudes. World Englishes, 28(2), 200-207.
• Kachru, B. (1989). Teaching world Englishes. Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(1), 85 -93.
• Kachru, B. (1990). World Englishes and applied linguistics. World Englishes, 9(1), 3-20.
• Kırmızı, Ö. & Kırmızı, D. G., (2017). Language and foreign/second langauge concepts. Elt methodology Anı Yayıncılık.
• Kramsch, C. (1998). The privilege of the intercultural speaker. In M. Byram & M. Fleming (Eds.), Language learning in intercultural perspective: Approaches through drama and ethnography (pp. 16-31). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Matsuda, A. (2003). Incorporating world Englishes in teaching English as an international language. TESOL Quarterly, 37(4), 719-729
• Medgyes, P. (1994). Non-natives in ELT. London: Macmillan.
• McArthur, T. (1992). The Scots- bilingual or just confused? World Englishes 11. 101-110
• Murray, N. English as a lingua franca and the development of pragmatic competence, ELT Journal, Volume 66, Issue 3, July 2012, Pages 318–326
• Pakir, A. (2009). English as a lingua franca: Analyzing research frameworks in international English, world Englishes, and ELF. World Englishes, 28(2), 224-235.
• Quirk, R. (1990). Language varieties and standard language. English Today, 6(1), 3-10.
• Seidlhofer, B. (2005) English as a lingua franca, ELT Journal, Volume 59, Issue 4, 339–341
• Seidlhofer, B. (2009). Common ground and different realities: World Englishes and English as a lingua franca. World Englishes, 28(2), 236-245.
• Sridhar, K. (1991). English around the world: Speech acts in an indigenized variety: sociocultural values and language variation.
• Tosuncuoğlu, İ. & Kırmızı, Ö. (2019). Views of university instructors and students on English as a lingua franca (ELF) and World Englishes (WES) Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 15(1), 158-173.
• Vitanova, G. (2007). English as an international language pedagogy: What teachers’ voices tell us. TESL Reporter, 40(1), 1-16.