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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>jep</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Journal of Economics and Political Sciences(Türkiye)</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2792-0410</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Düzce Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Macroeconomics (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Makro İktisat (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Jeopolitik Risk Yayılmaları: G20 Ülkelerinden Kanıtlar</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Geopolitical Risk Spillovers: Evidence from G20 Countries</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0188-7809</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kırcı Altınkeski</surname>
                                    <given-names>Buket</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20231230">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>3</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>64</fpage>
                                        <lpage>77</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20231212">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>12</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20231222">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>22</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2021, Journal of Economics and Political Sciences(Türkiye)</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Economics and Political Sciences(Türkiye)</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bir ülkenin karşılaştığı jeopolitik risklerin sonuçları, sınırlarının dışına yayılabilir ve komşu ülkeleri hatta kendisine mesafe olarak uzakta yer alan ülkeleri etkileyebilir. Söz konusu jeopolitik riskler, siyasi, coğrafi ve jeopolitik faktörlerin bir karışımından kaynaklanır ve uluslararası gerilimler, güvenlik endişeleri, ticaret anlaşmazlıkları, terör eylemleri, silahlı çatışmalar, doğal afetler ve siyasi istikrarsızlık yoluyla diğer ülkeleri etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, G20 ülkelerinin jeopolitik risk endeksleri arasındaki dinamik ilişkileri Zamanla Değişen Parametre Vektör Otoregresyon (TVP-VAR) modeline dayalı yayılma analizi ile incelemektir. Bu amaçla, Caldara ve Iacoviello’nun (2022) oluşturduğu jeopolitik risk endeksleri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, jeopolitik risklerin yayılımının gelişmiş Batı ülkelerinden (örneğin ABD, İngiltere ve Almanya) örneklemde yer alan diğer ülkelere yönelik olduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle Çin ve Rusya’nın, 2010 yılından sonra, diğer ülkelere jeopolitik risk yaydığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, zamanla değişen toplam yayılma endeksi, yüksek jeopolitik risk dönemlerini yakalamaktadır. Endonezya, Arjantin ve Meksika, en fazla jeopolitik risk yayılmasına maruz kalan ülkeler olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Jeopolitik riskler ekonomik büyüme, ticaret ve finansal piyasalarla yakından ilişkili olduğundan, analiz sonuçları, politika yapıcılarına ve piyasa katılımcılarına değerli bilgiler sunmaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>The repercussions of geopolitical risks encountered by a nation extend beyond its borders and can have a ripple effect on neighboring and even distant countries. These geopolitical risks, stemming from a mix of political, geographical, and geopolitical factors, can influence other nations through international tensions, security concerns, trade disputes, acts of terrorism, armed conflicts, natural disasters, and political instability. The paper aims to investigate the dynamic relationships between geopolitical risk indices of G20 countries using spillover analysis based on the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregression (TVP-VAR) model. For this purpose, the geopolitical risk indices calculated by Caldara and Iacoviello (2022) have been utilized. The analysis results indicate that the transmission of geopolitical risks is primarily directed from advanced Western countries (such as the US, the UK, and Germany) to other countries in the sample. Particularly, it has been identified that China and Russia have been transmitting geopolitical risks to other countries, especially after 2010. Furthermore, the time-varying total spillover index captures hightened geopolitical risks episodes. Indonesia, Argentina, and Mexico stand out as the countries receiving the highest level of geopolitical risk spillover. Since geopolitical risks are closely related to economic growth, trade, and financial markets, the analysis results will provide valuable insights for policymakers and market participants.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Geopolitical Risk</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Spillover Analysis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  TVP-VAR Model</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  G20 Countries</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Jeopolitik Risk</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Yayılma Analizi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  TVP-VAR Model</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  G20 Ülkeleri</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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