Metal Oksit Nanopartiküllerin Genotoksik Etkileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 3, 429 - 443, 01.09.2021

Yasemin Saygılı , Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu , Fatma Ünal

https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.875709

Öz

Nanopartiküller (NP) (Nanomateryaller-NM), hızla gelişen nanoteknolojide çığır açan partiküllerdir. Bu partiküllerin en az bir boyutu 1-100 nm aralığındadır. Metal oksit nanopartikülleri, nanomateryallerin temel üyelerinden biri olup, tıp, kozmetik, boya, tekstil ve gıda ürünleri gibi çok çeşitli alanlarda yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Metal oksit NP’lerinin yoğun kullanımı, insanların partiküllere inhalasyon, dermal ve oral yollar dahil çeşitli yollarla maruz kalmasına sebep olmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, nanopartiküllere böylesi yoğun maruziyet, partiküllerin olası toksisitesi konusunda endişelerin artmasına sebep olmuştur. Metal oksit nanopartiküllerin şekil ve ebatlarına ilave olarak diğer fizikokimyasal özellikleri de, NP’lerin toksik etkilerinde de önemli rol oynamaktadır. Metal oksit nanopartiküllerinin toksisitesi konusunda yapılan araştırmalar, bazı partiküllerin genotoksik olduğunu ve dolayısıyla insanlar için de zararlı olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada Al2O3, CeO2, CuO, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2 ve ZnO nanopartiküllerinin genotoksik etkileri derlenmiştir. Makalede kromozom anomali analizleri ile Ames (bakteriyel geri mutasyon), mikronukleus ve komet testleri kullanılarak yürütülen bazı araştırmalar dikkate alınmıştır. Derlemenin sonunda, metal oksit nanopartiküllerinin genotoksik mekanizmaları konusunda ileri sürülen görüşler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bakteriyel geri mutasyon testi, kromozom anormallikleri testi, mikronukleus testi, komet testi, sitotoksisite, mutajen, karsinojen

Destekleyen Kurum

Gazi Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

05/2011-74

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, 05/2011-74 numaralı Gazi Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projesi kapsamında kısmen desteklenmiştir.

Kaynakça

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