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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Journal of Economics and Research</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2717-9907</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2717-9907</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Avrasya Sosyo-Ekonomik Araştırmalar Derneği (ASEAD)</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53280/jer.1907096</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Policy and Administration (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Politika ve Yönetim (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>ORTA DOĞU VE KUZEY AFRİKA ÜLKELERİ İLE TÜRKİYE ARASINDAKİ TİCARET DİNAMİKLERİNİN ÇEKİM MODELİ ÇERÇEVESİNDE AMPİRİK ANALİZİ</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>TRADE DYNAMICS BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS USING THE GRAVITY MODEL</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8604-4634</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Baylan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mustafa</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4592-3760</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Halabi</surname>
                                    <given-names>Emir</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KSÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260429">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>29</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>7</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>1</fpage>
                                        <lpage>19</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260311">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>11</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260414">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>14</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2020, Journal of Economics and Research</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of Economics and Research</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika (MENA) bölgesinin küresel ölçekteki stratejik önemi, özellikle Türkiye ile ilişkileri bağlamında göz önüne alındığında, bu çalışma Türkiye ile MENA ülkeleri arasındaki ikili ticaret akımlarının belirleyicilerini genişletilmiş bir çekim modeli çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Panel veri metodolojisi kullanan çalışma, zamana göre değişmeyen değişkenleri dikkate almak amacıyla Kümelendirilmiş Standart Hatalı Sabit Etkiler modelini temel almakta ve bu yaklaşımı Panel Düzeltmeli Standart Hatalar (PCSE) yöntemiyle desteklemektedir. Bulgular, ekonomik büyüklük ve coğrafi yakınlığın ticari entegrasyonu etkileyen temel faktörler olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle, Türkiye&#039;nin Gayrisafi Yurt İçi Hasılası (GSYH) bölgesel bir ekonomik merkez olarak rolünü vurgularken, MENA ülkelerinin GSYH&#039;sinin olumlu etkisi bağımlılıktan ziyade ekonomik tamamlayıcılığı işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca, nüfus büyüklüğü ile ticaret hacmi arasında güçlü bir pozitif ilişki gözlemlenmiş olup, bu durum pazar büyüklüğü hipotezini desteklemektedir. Buna karşılık, döviz kuru dalgalanmaları, siyasi istikrar ve Ticaret Anlaşmaları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkiler göstermemiştir; bu durum mevcut ticaret ağlarının kısa vadeli makroekonomik dalgalanmalara karşı dirençli olduğunu ve resmi anlaşmaların henüz kayda değer ticari faydalar üretmediğini düşündürmektedir. Mesafe işlem maliyetlerini artıran bir faktör olmaya devam ederken, ortak sınırlar kültürel bağları ve sınır ötesi tedarik zincirlerini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu bulgular, politika çabalarının yalnızca kurumsal reformlara odaklanmak yerine, üretken kapasitenin artırılması ve lojistik altyapının geliştirilmesine öncelik vermesi gerektiğini önermektedir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Given the strategic significance of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region on a global scale, particularly in relation to Türkiye, this study investigates the determinants of bilateral trade flows between Türkiye and MENA countries through an extended gravity model framework. Employing a panel data methodology, the study utilizes a Fixed Effects model with Clustered Standard Errors, complemented by a Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) approach to account for time-invariant variables. The findings reveal that economic size and geographical proximity are primary factors influencing trade integration. Specifically, Türkiye&#039;s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) underscores its role as a regional economic hub, while the positive influence of MENA countries&#039; GDP indicates economic complementarity rather than dependency. Additionally, population size demonstrates a strong positive relationship with trade volume, supporting the market size hypothesis. In contrast, exchange rate fluctuations, political stability, and Trade Agreements did not show statistically significant effects, suggesting that current trade networks are resilient to short-term macroeconomic fluctuations and that formal agreements have yet to generate considerable trade benefits. Distance remains a factor that elevates transaction costs, whereas shared borders facilitate cultural connections and cross-border supply chains. These insights suggest that policy efforts should prioritize enhancing productive capacity and logistical infrastructure, rather than solely focusing on institutional reforms.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Trade</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  MENA</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Türkiye</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Gravity Model</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Ticaret</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  MENA</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Türkiye</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Çekim Modeli</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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