What does emergency remote education tell us about home-schooling?

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 137 - 155, 31.05.2021

Vildan Donmuş Kaya Mehmet Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.891854

Öz

The study aims to examine parents' opinions about Emergency Remote Education (ERE) during the pandemic and the feasibility of home-schooling in Turkey. The study uses a causal-comparative model. 654 parents took part in the study. ERE for Home-schooling Questionnaire developed by researchers is used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA tests are used to analyse the data. The results of the study show that ERE during the pandemic is not effective enough. However, having someone at home to support the education of children can make ERE more effective. Parents have partial health anxiety about face-to-face education. Although parents have partially positive opinions about the feasibility of home-schooling, they also emphasize the need for support for home-schooling. As the parents' education level increases, both the challenges of home-schooling and the need for support for home-schooling decrease. Parents with low income have higher health anxiety than those with high income, and parents with low income need more support for home-schooling than those with high income. Parents who support their children's learning find ERE more effective and they find home-schooling more feasible. Parents who do not support their children's learning at home need more support for home-schooling. To practice home-schooling successfully, parents must have high level of education and must support their children's learning at home. Besides, institutions and organizations support parents for home-schooling.

Anahtar Kelimeler

homeschooling, emergency remote education, distance education, education during the pandemic, parents' opinion

Kaynakça

• Apple, M. W. (2000). The cultural politics of homeschooling. Peabody Journal of Education, 75(1-2), 256-271. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0161956X.2000.9681944
• Aydın, İ. (2015), Alternatif Okullar, Pegem Akademi. Ankara.
• Aydın, İ. P., & Pehlivan, Z. (2000). Ev okulu uygulaması: Amerika Birleşik Devletleri örneği. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 91-97.
• Aydoğan, İ. (2007). Ev okulları. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 72-85.
• Basham, P., Merrifield, J., & Hepburn, C. R. (2001). Homeschooling: From the extreme to the mainstream. Canada: Fraser Institute. Retrieved from https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/Homeschooling2007.pdf
• Borup, J., West, R. E., Graham, C. R., & Davies, R. S. (2014). The adolescent community of engagement framework: A lens for research on K-12 online learning. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 22(1), 107–129.
• Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2020). Education in normal, new normal, and next to normal: Observations from the past, insights from the present, and projections for the future. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(2), i-x. Retrieved from http://www.asianjde.org/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/512
• Bozkurt, A., Jung, I., Xiao, J., Vladimirschi, V., Schuwer, R., Egorov, G., … Paskevicius, M.(2020). A global outlook to the interruption of education due to COVID-19 Pandemic: Navigating in a time of uncertainty and crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1-126. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3878572
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi.
• Can, A. (2014). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi (3rd Edition). Pegem Akademi.
• Can, E. (2020). Coronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemisi ve pedagojik yansımaları: Türkiye'de açık ve uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 11-53.
• Crawford, J., Percy, A., & Kelder, J. A. (2020). JUTLP Editorial 17.3: Connection, digital education, and student-centric teaching practice before COVID-19. Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 17(3), 1. Retrieved from https://ro.uow.edu.au/jutlp/vol17/iss3/1
• Crowson, R. L. (2000). The homeschooling movement: A few concluding observations. Peabody Journal of Education, 75(1-2), 294-300. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0161956X.2000.9681946
• Çakın, M., & Akyavuz, E. K. (2020). Covid-19 süreci ve eğitime yansıması: öğretmen görüşlerinin incelenmesi. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 6(2), 165-186.
• Çokluk, Ö., Sekercioglu, G., & Büyüköztürk, S. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok degiskenli istatistik. Pegem Akademi.
• Daniel, S. J. (2020). Education and the COVID 19 pandemic. Prospects, 1-6.
• Doghonadze, N., Aliyev, A., Halawachy, H., Knodel, L., & Adedoyin, A. S. (2020). The degree of readiness to total distance learning in the face of covıd-19-teachers' view (Case of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iraq, Nigeria, UK, and Ukraine). Journal of Education in Black Sea Region, 5(2), 2-41. Doi: 10.31578/jebs.v5i2.197
• Doğan Kılıç, E. ve Önen, Ö. (2012). Homeschooling in Turkey (focus group interviewing method). US-China Education Review 1, 7(8), 113-123.
• Farrell, L., & Ryan, T. (2006). Ev Okulu (D. Yasar, Trans.), Zil ve Teneffus Dergisi, 6.
• Feng, L., & Cavanaugh, C. (2011). Success in online high school biology: Factors influencing student academic performance. The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 12(1), 37-54.
• Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS statistics (Third Edition). Sage.
• Fields Smith, C., & Williams, M. (2009). Motivations, sacrifices, and challenges: Black parents' decisions to home school. The Urban Review, 41(4), 369-389. Doi: 10.1007/s11256-008-0114-x
• Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages.
• Garbe, A., Ogurlu, U., Logan, N., & Cook, P. (2020). COVID-19 and remote learning: Experiences of parents with children during the pandemic. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 4(3), 45-65.
• Green, C. L., & Hoover Dempsey, K. V. (2007). Why do parents homeschool? A systematic examination of parental involvement. Education and Urban Society, 39(2), 264-285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124506294862
• Greenhow, C., Lewin, C., & Staudt Willet, K. B. (2020). The educational response to Covid-19 across two countries: a critical examination of initial digital pedagogy adoption. Technology, Pedagogy, and Education, 1-19.
• Gupta, A. & Goplani, M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Educational Institutions in India. Purakala Journal U(CARE Listed), 31(21), ISSN No.0971-2143, Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3679284
• Howell, J. S., & Sheran, M. E. (2008). Homeschooling in the United States: Revelation or revolution. Unpublished working paper. Retrieved from http://www. csus. edu/indiv/h/howellj/papers/homeschooling_howellsheran. pdf.
• Isenberg, E. J. (2006). The choice of public, private, or homeschooling. New York: National Center for the Study of Privatization in Education. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Edward_Greenberg5/publication/228432354_The_Choice_of_Public_Private_or_Home_Schooling/links/02e7e5387d9822ab41000000/The-Choice-of-Public-Private-or-Home-Schooling.pdf
• Kartal, S. E. (2014). Eğitim paydaşlarının görüşlerine göre alternatif bir okul: ev okulları. Master Dissertation. Fırat University, Institu of Social Sciences, Elazığ, Turkey.
• Kaya, T. (2015). ABD'de ev okulu uygulmasının tarihsel gelişimi ve bugünkü durumu üzerine bir değerlendirme. Sosyoloji Dergisi, 3(1), 79-98.
• Korkmaz, H. & Duman, G. (2014). Public understanding about homeschooling: A preliminary study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3891- 3897. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.861
• Lee, M., & Figueroa, R. (2012). Internal and external indicators of virtual learning success a guide to success in k-12 virtual learning. Distance Learning, 9(1), 21-28.
• Liu, F., Black, E., Algina, J., Cavanaugh, C., & Dawson, K. (2010). The validation of one parental involvement measurement in virtual schooling. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 9(2), 105–132.
• Lubienski, C. (2000). Whither the common good? A critique of homeschooling. Peabody Journal of Education, 75(1-2), 207-232. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2000.9681942
• Makrooni, G. (2019). Being a First-Generation Migrant Family Student in Finland: Perceptions and experiences of the Educational Journey to Higher Education. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 6(3), 157-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/293
• Mayberry M., J. G. Knowles, B. Ray, & S. Marlow. 1995. Homeschooling: Parents as educators. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin
• Memduhoğlu, H. B., Mazlum, M. M. & Alav, Ö. (2015). Türkiye'de alternatif eğitim uygulamalarına ilişkin öğretmenlerin ve öğretim üyelerinin görüşleri. Eğitim ve Bilim, 179, 69-87.
• Molsbie, R.G. (1996). Science achievement as a criterion for judging the effectiveness of Home Schooling, Christian Schooling, and Public Schooling. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses; 1996; ProQuestpg. n/a.
• Mulyadi, S., Rahardjo, W., & Basuki, A. H. (2016). The role of the parent-child relationship, self-esteem, academic self-efficacy to academic stress. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 217, 603-608. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.02.063
• NHES (2012). National Household Education Surveys Program of 2012: Data File User's Manual. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2015030
• Nelson, J. P. (1986). An experimental evaluation of a home-based family-centered program model in a public child protection agency. Retrieved from https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=7463766
• Nemer, K. M. (2002). Understudied education: Toward building a homeschool research agenda (Occasional Paper No. 48). National Centre for the Study of Privatization in Education. Retrieved from http://ncspe.tc.columbia.edu/working-papers/OP48.pdf
• Olivos, E. M. (2009). Collaboration with Latino families: A critical perspective of home-school interactions. Intervention in School and Clinic, 45(2), 109-115. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451209340220
• Öz, M. (2008). Amerika'da alternatif bir eğitim modeli olarak kişi merkezli eğitim. Master Dissertations, Beykent University, Institu of Social Studies, İstanbul, Turkey.
• Princiotta, D., Bielick, S., & Chapman, C. (2006). Homeschooling in the United States: 2003 statistical analysis report. US Department of Education: National Center for Educational Statistics. NCES, 42, 2004-115.
• Ray, B. D. (2006). Research Facts On Homeschooling. Retrieved from https://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/TR/Transcripts/2014_0057_0010_TSTMNY.pdf
• Reich, R. ( 2005). Why homeschooling should be regulated, in B.S. Cooper (ed.) Home Schooling in Full View: A Reader, pp. 109-20. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
• Romanowski, M. H. (2001). Common arguments about the strengths and limitations of homeschooling. The Clearing House, 75(2), 79-83.
• Rothermel, P. (2011). Setting the record straight: ınterviews with a hundred British home educating families. Journal of Unschooling & Alternative Learning, 5(10).
• Sözbilir, M. (2014). Nedensel karşılaştırma araştırma yöntemi. Kuramdan Uygulamaya Eğitimde Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri.(Edt., M. Metin). Pegem Akademi: Ankara. Sumardiono. (2007). Homeschooling, Lompatan Cara Belajar, (Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo.
• Şad, S. N., & Akdağ, M. (2010). Evde eğitim. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 40(188), 19-31.
• Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Sixth Edition). USA: Pearson Education Limited.
• Taşdan, M., & Demir, Ö. (2010). Alternatif bir eğitim modeli olarak ev okulu. Eğitim Bilimleri ve Uygulama Dergisi, 9(18), 81-99.
• Tösten, R., & Elçiçek, Z. (2013). Alternatif okullar kapsamında ev okullarının durumu. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (20), 37-49.
• Woofter, S. (2019). Book review: building equity: Policies and practices to empower all learners. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 3(1), 136-139. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/5815
• Van Galen, J. A. (1988). Ideology, curriculum, and pedagogy in home education. Education and Urban Society, 21, 52–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124588021001006
• Vender, J. C. (2004). Geography in homeschool America: Status and opportunities. College Station, Geographic Education National Implementation. Project (GENIP).
• Yurtbakan, E., & Akyıldız, S. (2020). Sınıf Öğretmenleri, İlkokul Öğrencileri ve Ebeveynlerin Covid-19 İzolasyon Döneminde Uygulanan Uzaktan Eğitim Faaliyetleri Hakkındaki Görüşleri. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(6).