jhesp Journal of Health Systems and Policies 2667-4920 2718-0050 İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi 10.52675/jhesp.1719460 Health Management Sağlık Yönetimi A Systematic Review of the Burden of Disease Studies on Diabetes https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7714-457X Coşkun Selin Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-8504 Yiğit Vahit SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 08 07 2025 7 1 1 17 06 13 2025 07 23 2025 Copyright © 2018, Journal of Health Systems and Policies 2018 Journal of Health Systems and Policies

Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and premature mortality on a global scale, and its prevalence has been increasing in recent decades. The overall health impact of the disease is measured by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which is the sum of years of life lost due to disability (YLDs) and years of life lost due to premature death (YLLs). This systematic review was conducted to evaluate studies that estimated the burden of diabetes disease at the global, national, or regional level, and to identify and review the epidemiologic metrics (DALYs, YLDs, YLLs, incidence, prevalence and mortality) and the methods used to determine the burden of disease. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify eligible studies published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2024, in Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, BioMed Central and CINAHL databases. The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies that utilised DALYs or their subsets (YLDs/YLLs) as measures of the health impact of diabetes and that were published in English were included in the review. Following a thorough evaluation of the relevant literature, a total of 16 studies out of 1,307 were deemed to be eligible for review. This research reveals a lack of harmonisation of epidemiological data and methods that hinders the capacity for meaningful comparisons across studies of the burden of diabetes. The findings outlined in this study provide a comprehensive framework for the diversification of diabetes burden of disease studies across different countries and regions, with a particular focus on the global level.

 Diabetes mellitus Disability-adjusted life years DALY Systematic review Abbafati, C., Nieddu, L., & Monasta, L. (2024). Measures of type 2 diabetes burden in Italy assessed using the AMD dataset over a twelve-year span across the Great Recession. Scientific Reports, 14, 4901. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54989-8 Armocida, B., Monasta, L., Sawyer, S. M., Bustreo, F., Onder, G., Castelpietra, G., Pricci, F., Minardi, V., Giacomozzi, C., Abbafati, C., Stafford, L. K., Pasovic, M., Hay, S. I., Ong, K. L., Perel, P., Beran, D., & GBD 2019 Europe Adolescent Diabetes. (2024). The burden of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among adolescents and young adults in 24 Western European countries, 1990–2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. International Journal of Public Health, 68, 1606491. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2023.1606491 Bandarian, F., Sharifnejad Tehrani, Y., Peimani, M., Namazi, N., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Esmaeili, S., Rashidi, M.-M., Nasli Esfahani, E., Masinaei, M., Rezaei, N., Farzadfar, F., & Larijani, B. (2023). National and sub-national burden and trend of type 1 diabetes in 31 provinces of Iran, 1990–2019. Scientific Reports, 13, 4210. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31096-8 Bener, A., Kim, E.-J., Mutlu, F., Eliyan, A., Delghan, H., Nofal, E., Shalabi, L., & Wadi, N. (2014). Burden of diabetes mellitus attributable to demographic levels in Qatar: An emerging public Health problem. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 8(4), 216–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2014.09.005 Cao, Y., Jin, C., Zhang, J., Sun, H., Ma, B., Yang, X., Liu, T., Yang, K., & Li, Y. (2023). Diabetes burden, trends, and inequalities in western pacific region, 1990–2019: A population-based study. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 17(9), 102852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102852 Charalampous, P., Polinder, S., Wothge, J., von der Lippe, E., & Haagsma, J. A. (2022). A systematic literature review of disability weights measurement studies: Evolution of methodological choices. Archives of Public Health, 80(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00860-z Dávila-Cervantes, C. A. (2023). The burden of type 2 diabetes in adolescents and young adults in Mexico: Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990 to 2019. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 22(2), 1673–1684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-023-01299-x Duncan, B. B., Cousin, E., Naghavi, M., Afshin, A., França, E. B., Passos, V. M. D. A., Malta, D., Nascimento, B. R., & Schmidt, M. I. (2020). The burden of diabetes and hyperglycemia in Brazil: A global burden of disease study 2017. Population Health Metrics, 18(Suppl 1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12963-020-00209-0 Esmaeili, S., Moghaddam, S. S., Namazi, N., Bandarian, F., Esfahani, Z., Peimani, M., Shahin, S., Nasli-Esfahani, E., Akbarzadeh, I., Ghanbari, A., Rezaei, N., Rezaei, N., Larijani, B., & Farzadfar, F. (2022). Burden of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the North Africa and Middle East Region, 1990–2019; findings from the global burden of disease study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 188, 109912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109912 Gonzalez, L., Caporale, J. E., Elgart, J. F., & Gagliardino, J. J. (2014). The burden of diabetes in Argentina. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(3), 124–133 https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n3p124 Ilic, I., & Ilic, M. (2024). The burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Latin America, 1990–2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease study. Public Health, 233, 74–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2024.05.009 Islam, S. M. S., Siopis, G., Sood, S., Uddin, R., Tegegne, T., Porter, J., Dunstan, D. W., Colagiuri, S., Zimmet, P., George, E. S., & Maddison, R. (2023). The burden of type 2 diabetes in Australia during the period 1990–2019: Findings from the global burden of disease study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 199, 110631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110631 Kotwas, A., Karakiewicz, B., Zabielska, P., Wieder-Huszla, S., & Jurczak, A. (2021). Epidemiological factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from the Global Burden of Disease. Archives of Public Health, 79(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-021-00632-1 Liu, J., Liu, M., Chai, Z., Li, C., Wang, Y., Shen, M., Zhuang, G., & Zhang, L. (2023). Projected rapid growth in diabetes disease burden and economic burden in China: A spatio-temporal study from 2020 to 2030. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 33, 100700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100700 Liu, J., Shen, M., Zhuang, G., & Zhang, L. (2024). Investigating the temporal trends of diabetes disease burden in China during 1990–2019 from a global perspective. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1324318. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1324318 Luo, J., Hou, J., Yi, J., Li, L., & Zhao, X. (2024). Global burden of type 2 diabetes in adolescents from 1990 to 2019. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, 1405739. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1405739 Oliveira, A. F. D., Valente, J. G., Leite, I. D. C., Schramm, J. M. D. A., Azevedo, A. S. R. D., & Gadelha, M. J. (2009). Global burden of disease attributable to diabetes mellitus in Brazil. Cadernos de Saude Publica, 25(6), 1234 –1244. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2009000600006 Oliveira, C. C., Charalampous, P., Delaye, J., Grad, D. A., Kolkhir, P., Mechili, E. A., Unim, B., Devleesschauwer, B., & Haagsma, J. A. (2024). A systematic review of studies that estimated the burden of chronic non-communicable rare diseases using disability-adjusted life years. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 19(1), 333. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-024-03342-3 Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71 Pandey, A. R., Aryal, K. K., Shrestha, N., Sharma, D., Maskey, J., & Dhimal, M. (2022). Burden of diabetes mellitus in Nepal: An analysis of global burden of disease study 2019. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2022, 4701796. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4701796 Sun, J., Hu, W., Ye, S., Deng, D., & Chen, M. (2023). The description and prediction of incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years cases, and corresponding age-standardized rates for global diabetes. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 13(3), 566–576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-023-00138-9 Yang, K., Yang, X., Jin, C., Ding, S., Liu, T., Ma, B., Sun, H., Zhang, J., & Li, Y. (2024). Global burden of type 1 diabetes in adults aged 65 years and older, 1990–2019: Population based study. BMJ, 385. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-078432 Zhu, R., Zhou, S., Xia, L., & Bao, X. (2022). Incidence, morbidity and years lived with disability due to type 2 diabetes mellitus in 204 countries and territories: Trends from 1990 to 2019. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 905538. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.905538