The relationship of breast cancer deaths with age groups and urbanization of the population: a multi-country analysis

Abstract

Aim: In this retrospective observational study, it was aimed to evaluate the relationship between breast cancer deaths and demographic properties of countries. Material and Method: The research was conducted on World Health Organization (WHO) 10th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) mortality list and World Bank Country Reports (WBCR). Total breast cancer-related deaths, age groups and urban population rates of 14 countries between 1996 and 2017 were evaluated. Results: Both uncontrolled and controlled correlation analysis results showed that population age distribution had a significant correlation with total breast cancer-related deaths (p<0.01). Population percentage at 0-14 ages had a negative correlation with breast cancer-related deaths, whereas other age groups had positive correlations. Correlation between the urban population and total breast cancer-related deaths was insignificant at an uncontrolled level (p>0.05). Generalized Linear Model (GLM) results showed that only the country had a significant effect on total breast cancer related deaths (p<0.05). However, age group effects were insignificant at the multivariate level (p>0.05). Conclusion: Although reasons such as age and urbanization play an important role among breast cancer risk factors, it is found that they do not affect mortality rates. A total of 22 years of WHO data and 14 country results showed that deaths due to breast cancer are only related to the country. Therefore, countries can minimize deaths due to breast cancer by carrying out more effective struggles, early diagnosis, treatment and awareness activities.

Keywords

• Breast cancer
• mortality
• age
• urban population

Supporting Institution

N/A

Project Number

N/A

Thanks

N/A

References

1. Howell A, Anderson AS, Clarke RB, et al. Risk determination and prevention of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16: 446.
2. Ho WK, Tan MM, Mavaddat N, et al. European polygenic risk score for prediction of breast cancer shows similar performance in Asian women. Nat Commun 2020; 11: 3833
3. Xiao Y, Xia J, Li L, et al. Associations between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21: 16.
4. Ma H, Malone KE, McDonald JA, et al. Pre-diagnosis alcohol consumption and mortality risk among black women and white women with invasive breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19: 800.
5. Greenlee H, DuPont-Reyes MJ, Balneaves LG, et al. Clinical practice guidelines on the evidence-based use of integrative therapies during and after breast cancer treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2017; 67: 194-232.
6. Tharmapalan P, Mahendralingam M, Berman HK, et al. Mammary stem cells and progenitors: targeting the roots of breast cancer for prevention. EMBO J 2019; 38: 100852.
7. Jordan VC. The new biology of estrogen-induced apoptosis applied to treat and prevent breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22: 1-31.
8. Bodai BI, Tuso P. Breast cancer survivorship: a comprehensive review of long-term medical issues and lifestyle recommendations. Perm J 2015; 19: 48-79.

9. Opstal-van Winden AWJ, de Haan HG, Hauptmann M, et al. Genetic susceptibility to radiation-induced breast cancer after Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2019; 133: 1130-9.
10. Curigliano G, Burstein HJ, Winer EP, et al. De-escalating and escalating treatments for early-stage breast cancer: the St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Conference on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2017. Ann Oncol 2018; 29: 2153
11. Carbine NE, Lostumbo L, Wallace J, et al. Risk-reducing mastectomy for the prevention of primary breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 4: CD002748.
12. Gray JM, Rasanayagam S, Engel C, et al. State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment. Environ Health 2017; 16: 94.
13. Maley CC, Koelble K, Natrajan R, et al. An ecological measure of immune-cancer colocalization as a prognostic factor for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17: 131.
14. Eccles SA, Aboagye EO, Ali S, et al. Critical research gaps and translational priorities for the successful prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15: 1-37.
15. Fragomeni SM, Sciallis A, Jeruss JS. Molecular subtypes and local-regional control of breast cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2018; 27: 95-120.
16. Lee CK, Hudson M, Simes J, et al. When do patient reported quality of life indicators become prognostic in breast cancer? Health Qual Life Outcomes 2018; 16: 13.
17. Cramer H, Lauche R, Klose P, et al. Yoga for improving health-related quality of life, mental health and cancer-related symptoms in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 1: CD010802.
18. Ho PJ, Gernaat SAM, Hartman M, et al. Health-related quality of life in Asian patients with breast cancer: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2018; 8: e020512.
19. Moo TA, Sanford R, Dang C, et al. Overview of breast cancer therapy. PET Clin 2018; 13: 339-54.
20. Jones ME, Schoemaker MJ, Wright LB, et al. Smoking and risk of breast cancer in the Generations Study cohort. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19: 118.
21. Brewer HR, Jones ME, Schoemaker MJ, et al. Family history and risk of breast cancer: an analysis accounting for family structure. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 165: 193-200.
22. Mavaddat N, Pharoah PD, Michailidou K, et al. Prediction of breast cancer risk based on profiling with common genetic variants. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107: djv036.
23. Jin L, Han B, Siegel E, Cui Y, et al. Breast cancer lung metastasis: Molecular biology and therapeutic implications. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19: 858-68.
24. Rudolph A, Hein R, Lindström S, et al. Genetic modifiers of menopausal hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk: a genome-wide interaction study. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20: 875-87.
25. Pettersson A, Graff RE, Ursin G, et al. Mammographic density phenotypes and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106: dju078.