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Yaşlı yetişkinlerde yalnızlık ve kişiler arası ilişki tarzlarının yaşam doyumunu yordayıcı rolü

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 572 - 580, 30.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1634823
https://izlik.org/JA73LP36FZ

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, yaşlı yetişkinlerde yalnızlık ve kişilerarası ilişki tarzlarının yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Materyal Metod: Araştırmanın örneklemini 144 yaşlı birey oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, Sosyodemografik Bilgi Formu, Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği, Sosyal ve Duygusal Yalnızlık Ölçeği ve Kişilerarası İlişki Boyutları Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Ölçekler arasındaki ilişki düzeyi ve yönü Pearson Korelasyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Demografik değişkenlere göre farklılıkları belirlemek amacıyla Bağımsız Gruplar t-testi ve Kruskal-Wallis H testi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, değişkenlerin yordayıcı etkilerini incelemek için Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, sosyal yalnızlığın yaşam doyumu üzerindeki güçlü bir negatif yordayıcı olduğu, besleyici ilişki tarzının ise yaşam doyumunu anlamlı şekilde artırdığı bulunmuştur. Cinsiyet, medeni durum, ekonomik düzey ve sağlık durumu gibi değişkenlerin yalnızlık deneyimleri ve ilişki tarzları üzerinde belirleyici olduğu saptanmıştır. Özellikle, eşi vefat eden ve düşük gelir grubunda yer alan yaşlı bireylerin yalnızlık düzeyleri daha yüksek, yaşam doyumları ise anlamlı şekilde daha düşüktür. Sağlık sorunu yaşayan bireylerin sosyal izolasyonlarının arttığı ve zehirleyici ilişki tarzlarına daha yatkın oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Bulgular, yalnızlıkla baş etmede sosyal destek sistemlerinin güçlendirilmesi ve sağlıklı kişilerarası ilişkilerin sürdürülmesinin önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedir. Yaşlı bireylerde sosyal bağların niteliği, yaşam doyumunu belirleyen önemli bir faktör olarak öne çıkmaktadır.

References

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  • Switsers L, Dierckx E, Domènech-Abella J, De Donder L, Dury S, D-SCOPE Consortium. Negative old-age life events and well-being in later life: the moderating and mediating role of loneliness. Int Psychogeriatr. 2021;33(12):1265-1276. doi:10.1017/S1041610220004196
  • Şimşek OM, Koçak O, Younis MZ. The impact of interpersonal cognitive distortions on satisfaction with life and the mediating role of loneliness. Sustainability. 2021;13(16):9293. doi:10.3390/su13169293
  • Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius T. The loneliness-life satisfaction relationship: The parallel and serial mediating role of hopelessness, depression and ego-resilience among young adults in South Africa during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(7):3613. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073613
  • Haron SA, Foong HF, Hamid TA. Moderating effect of emotional support on the relationship between disability and life satisfaction in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2018;18(9):1361-1365. doi:10.1111/ggi. 13490
  • Kim J, Byon K, Kim J. Leisure activities, happiness, life satisfaction, and health perception of older Korean adults. Int J Mental Health Promot. 2021;23:2. doi:10.32604/IJMHP.2021.015232
  • Macdonald B, Luo M, Hülür G. Daily social interactions and well-being in older adults: the role of interaction modality. J Soc Pers Relat. 2021; 38(12):3566-3589. doi:10.1177/0265407521105253
  • Liu J, Wei W, Peng Q, Xue C, Yang S. The roles of life satisfaction and community recreational facilities in the relationship between loneliness and depression in older adults. Clin Gerontol. 2022;45(2):376-389. doi:10. 1080/07317115.2021.1901166
  • Lorber M, Černe Kolarič J, Kmetec S, Kegl B. Association between loneliness, well-being, and life satisfaction before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Sustainability. 2023;15(3): 2825. doi:10.3390/su15032825
  • Zhang X, Dong S. The relationships between social support and loneliness: a meta-analysis and review. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2022;227:103616. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103616
  • Huxhold O, Fiori KL. Understanding loneliness in late life. Curr Opin Psychol. 2024;101801. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101801
  • Gümüş Z, Güler K. Yetişkin bireylerde bağlanma stilleri ile demografik özellikler ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişki. J Acad Soc Sci. 2018;78(78):505-521. doi:10.16992/ASOS.14169
  • Zhang X, Silverstein M. Intergenerational emotional cohesion and psychological well-being of older adults in rural China: a moderated mediation model of loneliness and friendship ties. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2022;77(3):525-535. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbab122
  • Gümüş Demir Z, Demir V. Investigation of the effects of art therapy on self-compassion, mood and cognitive functioning levels in the elderly. Int J Soc Sci. 2022;6:25. doi:10.52096/usbd.6.25.6
  • Luo M, Pauly T, Röcke C, Hülür G. Alternating time spent on social interactions and solitude in healthy older adults. Br J Psychol. 2022;113(4):987-1008. doi:10.1111/bjop.12586
  • Zhang Q, Guo X, Vogel D. Information and communication technology use for life satisfaction among the elderly: a motivation perspective. Am J Health Behav. 2021;45(4):701-710. doi:10.5993/AJHB.45.4.9
  • Li J, Zhou L, Van Der Heijden B, Li S, Tao H, Guo Z. Social isolation, loneliness and well-being: the impact of WeChat use intensity during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Psychol. 2021;12:707667. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707667
  • Ortega EG, González RP, Vicario-Molina I, Picos AP, Baz MBO. Loneliness and associated factors among older adults during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2023;86:101547. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101547
  • Suragarn U, Hain D, Pfaff G. Approaches to enhance social connection in older adults: an integrative review of literature. Aging Health Res. 2021;1(3):100029. doi:10.1016/j.ahr.2021.100029
  • Rey-Beiro S, Martínez-Roget F. Rural-urban differences in older adults’ life satisfaction and its determining factors. Heliyon. 2024;10:9.
  • Szabó Á, Stephens C, Breheny M. The life course effects of socioeconomic status on later life loneliness: the role of gender and ethnicity. J Aging Stud. 2024;71:101263. doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101263
  • Roh M, Weon S. Living arrangement and life satisfaction of the elderly in South Korea. Soc Indic Res. 2022;160(2):717-734. doi:10.1007/s11205-020-02443-3
  • Aydıner Boylu A, Günay G. Yaşlı bireylerde algılanan sosyal desteğin yaşam doyumu üzerine etkisi. İnsan Toplum Bil Araştırm Derg. 2018; 7(2):1351-1363. doi:10.15869/itobiad.369988
  • Bahadır Yılmaz E, Yüksel A, Mutlu H. Bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddetin değerlendirilmesi: kesitsel bir çalışma. Turk Klin J Forensic Med Forensic Sci. 2022;19:3.
  • Bühler JL, Krauss S, Orth U. Development of relationship satisfaction across the life span: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2021;147(10):1012. doi:10.1037/bul0000342
  • Yu DSF, Li PWC, Lin RSY, Kee F, Chiu A, Wu W. Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on loneliness among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Int J Nurs Stud. 2023;144:104524. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104524
  • Hyun H. How to design and evaluate research in education. London: McGraw-Hill Education Europe; 2014.
  • Diener ED, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S. The satisfaction with Life Scale. J Pers Assess. 1985;49(1):71-75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Dağlı A, Baysal N. Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Elektron Sosyal Bilimler Derg. 2016;15: 59. doi:10.17755/esosder.263229
  • DiTommaso E, Spinner B. The development and initial validation of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA). Pers Individ Dif. 1993;14(1):127-134. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90182-3
  • Şahin NH, Durak A, Yasak Y. Kişilerarası İlişkiler Tarzı Ölçeği: geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özellikleri. Turk Psikol Derg. 1994;9(33):14-26.
  • Kaya B, Akoğlu B. Yetişkinlerde travma sonrası büyüme ile yaşamda anlam arayışı arasındaki ilişkide umudun aracı rolü. Humanist Perspect. 2024;6(1):33-58. doi:10.47793/hp.1391830
  • Zhang K, Kim K, Silverstein NM, Song Q, Burr JA. Social media communication and loneliness among older adults: the mediating roles of social support and social contact. Gerontologist. 2021;61(6):888-896. doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa197
  • Fors Connolly F, Johansson Sevä I. Agreeableness, extraversion and life satisfaction: investigating the mediating roles of social inclusion and status. Scandinavian J Psychol. 2021;62(5):752-762. doi:10.1111/sjop. 12755
  • Kumari D, Yadav J, Kamal VK, Verma RK. Role of social network on life satisfaction among older persons in Delhi, India: a structural equation modelling. Ageing International. 2022;47(2):134-159. doi:10.1007/s12126- 021-09411-3
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Social isolation and loneliness in older adults: opportunities for the health care system. 2020.
  • World Health Organization. (2022). Social isolation and loneliness among older people: advocacy brief. 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240030749
  • Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC. Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends Cogn Sci. 2009;13(10):447-454. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005
  • World Health Organization. (2021). Social isolation and loneliness among older people: Advocacy brief. https://www.who.int/publications/ i/item/9789240030749

The predictive role of loneliness and interpersonal relationship styles on life satisfaction in older adults

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 572 - 580, 30.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1634823
https://izlik.org/JA73LP36FZ

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to examine the impact of loneliness and interpersonal relationship styles on life satisfaction in older adults.
Methods: The study sample consists of 144 older individuals. Data were collected using the Sociodemographic Information Form, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale, and the Dimensions of Interpersonal Relationships Scale. The level and direction of the relationships between the scales were assessed using Pearson correlation analysis. Independent samples T test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were conducted to determine differences based on demographic variables. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the predictive effects of the variables.
Results: The findings indicate that social loneliness is a strong negative predictor of life satisfaction, while a nurturing relationship style significantly enhances life satisfaction. Variables such as gender, marital status, economic level, and health status were found to be determinants of loneliness experiences and relationship styles. Specifically, older individuals who had lost their spouses and those in the low-income group exhibited higher levels of loneliness and significantly lower life satisfaction. It was also found that individuals with health problems experienced increased social isolation and were more prone to toxic relationship styles, indicating that health issues may contribute to both social withdrawal and negative interpersonal dynamics.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that strengthening social support systems and maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships play a crucial role in coping with loneliness. The quality of social ties in older adults emerges as a key determinant of life satisfaction.

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Üsküdar University Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee with decision number 61351342/020-214 and approval number HAZİRAN 2024-62.

References

  • Prati G. Correlates of quality of life, happiness and life satisfaction among European adults older than 50 years: a machine-learning approach. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2022;103:104791. doi:10.1016/j.archger. 2022.104791
  • Switsers L, Dierckx E, Domènech-Abella J, De Donder L, Dury S, D-SCOPE Consortium. Negative old-age life events and well-being in later life: the moderating and mediating role of loneliness. Int Psychogeriatr. 2021;33(12):1265-1276. doi:10.1017/S1041610220004196
  • Şimşek OM, Koçak O, Younis MZ. The impact of interpersonal cognitive distortions on satisfaction with life and the mediating role of loneliness. Sustainability. 2021;13(16):9293. doi:10.3390/su13169293
  • Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius T. The loneliness-life satisfaction relationship: The parallel and serial mediating role of hopelessness, depression and ego-resilience among young adults in South Africa during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(7):3613. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073613
  • Haron SA, Foong HF, Hamid TA. Moderating effect of emotional support on the relationship between disability and life satisfaction in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2018;18(9):1361-1365. doi:10.1111/ggi. 13490
  • Kim J, Byon K, Kim J. Leisure activities, happiness, life satisfaction, and health perception of older Korean adults. Int J Mental Health Promot. 2021;23:2. doi:10.32604/IJMHP.2021.015232
  • Macdonald B, Luo M, Hülür G. Daily social interactions and well-being in older adults: the role of interaction modality. J Soc Pers Relat. 2021; 38(12):3566-3589. doi:10.1177/0265407521105253
  • Liu J, Wei W, Peng Q, Xue C, Yang S. The roles of life satisfaction and community recreational facilities in the relationship between loneliness and depression in older adults. Clin Gerontol. 2022;45(2):376-389. doi:10. 1080/07317115.2021.1901166
  • Lorber M, Černe Kolarič J, Kmetec S, Kegl B. Association between loneliness, well-being, and life satisfaction before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Sustainability. 2023;15(3): 2825. doi:10.3390/su15032825
  • Zhang X, Dong S. The relationships between social support and loneliness: a meta-analysis and review. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2022;227:103616. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103616
  • Huxhold O, Fiori KL. Understanding loneliness in late life. Curr Opin Psychol. 2024;101801. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101801
  • Gümüş Z, Güler K. Yetişkin bireylerde bağlanma stilleri ile demografik özellikler ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişki. J Acad Soc Sci. 2018;78(78):505-521. doi:10.16992/ASOS.14169
  • Zhang X, Silverstein M. Intergenerational emotional cohesion and psychological well-being of older adults in rural China: a moderated mediation model of loneliness and friendship ties. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2022;77(3):525-535. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbab122
  • Gümüş Demir Z, Demir V. Investigation of the effects of art therapy on self-compassion, mood and cognitive functioning levels in the elderly. Int J Soc Sci. 2022;6:25. doi:10.52096/usbd.6.25.6
  • Luo M, Pauly T, Röcke C, Hülür G. Alternating time spent on social interactions and solitude in healthy older adults. Br J Psychol. 2022;113(4):987-1008. doi:10.1111/bjop.12586
  • Zhang Q, Guo X, Vogel D. Information and communication technology use for life satisfaction among the elderly: a motivation perspective. Am J Health Behav. 2021;45(4):701-710. doi:10.5993/AJHB.45.4.9
  • Li J, Zhou L, Van Der Heijden B, Li S, Tao H, Guo Z. Social isolation, loneliness and well-being: the impact of WeChat use intensity during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Psychol. 2021;12:707667. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707667
  • Ortega EG, González RP, Vicario-Molina I, Picos AP, Baz MBO. Loneliness and associated factors among older adults during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2023;86:101547. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101547
  • Suragarn U, Hain D, Pfaff G. Approaches to enhance social connection in older adults: an integrative review of literature. Aging Health Res. 2021;1(3):100029. doi:10.1016/j.ahr.2021.100029
  • Rey-Beiro S, Martínez-Roget F. Rural-urban differences in older adults’ life satisfaction and its determining factors. Heliyon. 2024;10:9.
  • Szabó Á, Stephens C, Breheny M. The life course effects of socioeconomic status on later life loneliness: the role of gender and ethnicity. J Aging Stud. 2024;71:101263. doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101263
  • Roh M, Weon S. Living arrangement and life satisfaction of the elderly in South Korea. Soc Indic Res. 2022;160(2):717-734. doi:10.1007/s11205-020-02443-3
  • Aydıner Boylu A, Günay G. Yaşlı bireylerde algılanan sosyal desteğin yaşam doyumu üzerine etkisi. İnsan Toplum Bil Araştırm Derg. 2018; 7(2):1351-1363. doi:10.15869/itobiad.369988
  • Bahadır Yılmaz E, Yüksel A, Mutlu H. Bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddetin değerlendirilmesi: kesitsel bir çalışma. Turk Klin J Forensic Med Forensic Sci. 2022;19:3.
  • Bühler JL, Krauss S, Orth U. Development of relationship satisfaction across the life span: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Bull. 2021;147(10):1012. doi:10.1037/bul0000342
  • Yu DSF, Li PWC, Lin RSY, Kee F, Chiu A, Wu W. Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on loneliness among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Int J Nurs Stud. 2023;144:104524. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104524
  • Hyun H. How to design and evaluate research in education. London: McGraw-Hill Education Europe; 2014.
  • Diener ED, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S. The satisfaction with Life Scale. J Pers Assess. 1985;49(1):71-75. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Dağlı A, Baysal N. Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Elektron Sosyal Bilimler Derg. 2016;15: 59. doi:10.17755/esosder.263229
  • DiTommaso E, Spinner B. The development and initial validation of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA). Pers Individ Dif. 1993;14(1):127-134. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90182-3
  • Şahin NH, Durak A, Yasak Y. Kişilerarası İlişkiler Tarzı Ölçeği: geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özellikleri. Turk Psikol Derg. 1994;9(33):14-26.
  • Kaya B, Akoğlu B. Yetişkinlerde travma sonrası büyüme ile yaşamda anlam arayışı arasındaki ilişkide umudun aracı rolü. Humanist Perspect. 2024;6(1):33-58. doi:10.47793/hp.1391830
  • Zhang K, Kim K, Silverstein NM, Song Q, Burr JA. Social media communication and loneliness among older adults: the mediating roles of social support and social contact. Gerontologist. 2021;61(6):888-896. doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa197
  • Fors Connolly F, Johansson Sevä I. Agreeableness, extraversion and life satisfaction: investigating the mediating roles of social inclusion and status. Scandinavian J Psychol. 2021;62(5):752-762. doi:10.1111/sjop. 12755
  • Kumari D, Yadav J, Kamal VK, Verma RK. Role of social network on life satisfaction among older persons in Delhi, India: a structural equation modelling. Ageing International. 2022;47(2):134-159. doi:10.1007/s12126- 021-09411-3
  • National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Social isolation and loneliness in older adults: opportunities for the health care system. 2020.
  • World Health Organization. (2022). Social isolation and loneliness among older people: advocacy brief. 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240030749
  • Cacioppo JT, Hawkley LC. Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends Cogn Sci. 2009;13(10):447-454. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005
  • World Health Organization. (2021). Social isolation and loneliness among older people: Advocacy brief. https://www.who.int/publications/ i/item/9789240030749
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Psychology, Health Psychology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zeynep Gümüş Demir 0000-0003-4474-4813

Submission Date February 6, 2025
Acceptance Date June 9, 2025
Publication Date July 30, 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1634823
IZ https://izlik.org/JA73LP36FZ
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA 1.Gümüş Demir Z. The predictive role of loneliness and interpersonal relationship styles on life satisfaction in older adults. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2025;8(4):572-580. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1634823

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