Türk popülasyonunda beslenme ve periodontitis arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: bir pilot çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Periodontitis, diş destek dokularını etkileyen, kronik inflamatuar bir hastalıktır. Periodontitisin oluşması ve ilerlemesi beslenme dâhil olmak üzere yaşam tarzıyla ilişkili birçok risk faktörü tarafından etkilenmektedir. Bu pilot çalışmada, Mini Nutritional Assessment® (MNA) ölçeği kullanılarak Tǔrk popülasyonda beslenme durumu ile periodontitis arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Sistemik olarak sağlıklı ve sigara içmeyen toplam 50 birey çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir; bunların 25’i periodontal olarak sağlıklı, 25’i ise periodontitis hastasıdır. Katılımcıların periodontal muayenesi yapılmış, beslenme durumu ise MNA ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre bireyler normal beslenme, malnütrisyon riski taşıyan ve malnütrisyonlu olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Verilerin dağılımına göre uygun istatistiksel testler kullanılmış; Shapiro-Wilk testi, histogramlar, çarpıklık ve basıklık analizleri ile normallik değerlendirilmiştir. Kullanılan testler arasında t-testi, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, Ki-kare ve Fisher’ın kesin testi yer almıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %56’sı normal beslenme durumuna sahipken, %44’ü malnütrisyon riski altındaydı. Malnütrisyon riski taşıyan bireylerin oranı periodontitis grubunda (%52) kontrol grubuna (%36) kıyasla daha yüksekti, ancak bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. Günlük süt ürünleri (p=0.235) ve et/balık/tavuk (p=0.345) tüketimi kontrol grubunda daha yaygınken; meyve ve sebze tüketimi (p=0.762) periodontitis grubunda daha yüksekti. Beslenmesini yeterli olarak algılayan katılımcıların %69,6’sı kontrol grubunda yer alırken, bu oran periodontitis grubunda yalnızca %30,4’tü (p=0.028); bu da algılanan beslenme kalitesi ile periodontal sağlık arasında bir bağlantı olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Belirli besin öğeleri tüketimi veya MNA skorlarına göre klinik periodontal parametrelerde anlamlı ilişki bulunmamakla birlikte, genel eğilim daha iyi beslenme durumuna sahip bireylerin daha sağlıklı periodontal koşullara sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, özellikle hayvansal proteinler ve süt ürünleri tüketiminin periodontal sağlık üzerindeki olası rolünü desteklemektedir. MNA ölçeği, bireylerin beslenme durumlarını belirlemede ve periodontal hastalık ile ilişkisini saptamada faydalı bir araç olabilir. Bu bulguların doğrulanması ve genişletilmesi için biyokimyasal belirteçlere ve cinsiyete özel analizleri içeren daha büyük çaplı, çok merkezli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• periodontitis
• beslenme
• MNA ölçeği

Relationship between nutrition and periodontitis in the Turkish population: a pilot study

Abstract

Aims: Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease affecting the tooth-supporting structures and is influenced by lifestyle-related risk factors, including nutrition. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the relationship between nutritional and periodontal status of Turkish population using the Mini Nutritional Assessment® (MNA) tool. Methods: A total of 50 systemically healthy, non-smoking individuals were enrolled, of whom 25 were periodontally healthy, and 25 had periodontitis. Participants underwent full-mouth periodontal examinations. Nutritional status was assessed using the MNA questionnaire, individuals were categorized as having normal nutrition, being at risk of malnutrition, or malnourished. Statistical analyses were performed using tests appropriate to data distribution, including T tests, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests, with normality assessed via Shapiro-Wilk, histograms, skewness, and kurtosis. Results: 56% of the participants had normal nutritional status, while 44% were at risk of malnutrition. A higher percentage of individuals at risk were observed in the periodontitis group (52%) compared to the control group (36%), though the difference was not statistically significant. Daily intake of dairy products (p=0.235) and meat/fish/poultry (p=0.345) were more common in the control group, while fruit and vegetable (p=0.762) consumption were more in periodontitis group. Notably, 69.6% of participants who perceived their nutrition as adequate were in the control group, compared to only 30.4% in the periodontitis group (p=0.028), suggesting a link between perceived nutrition quality and periodontal health. Although no significant differences in clinical periodontal parameters were observed based on specific dietary components or MNA scores, the overall trend suggested that individuals with better nutritional status had healthier periodontal conditions. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential role of nutrition, particularly the intake of animal proteins and dairy products, in maintaining periodontal health. The MNA tool may serve as a valuable adjunct for determining the nutritional status and integrating dietary evaluation into personalized periodontal care. Further large-scale, multi-center studies incorporating biochemical markers and gender-specific analyses are recommended to validate and build upon these findings.

Keywords

• Periodontitis
• nutrition
• MNA score
• Turkish population

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