CAD/CAM ile üretilen protez kaidelerinin görünür ışıkla polimerize olan rezin ile tamirinde bonding ajanının etkisi

Abstract

Özet: Amaç: Bu çalışmada, bonding ajanlarının görünür ışıkla polimerize olan (VLC) tamir rezini ile tamir edilen protez kaide rezinlerinin eğilme dayanımı (ED) üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Çalışmada iki farklı protez kaide rezininden toplam 100 adet örnek (65 x 10 x 2,5 mm) hazırlanmıştır: CAD/CAM frezeleme yöntemiyle üretilen pre-polimerize PMMA blokları ve geleneksel yöntemle ısı ile polimerize edilen PMMA bazlı protez kaide rezini (kontrol grubu). Örnekler ortadan kesilerek 2 mm tamir boşluğu ve 45° açılı eğimli yüzey oluşturulmuştur. Tamir yüzeyleri önce farklı ışıkla polimerize edilen bonding ajanlarıyla işlem görmüş, ardından VLC rezini ile tamir edilmiştir. Bonding ajanları geleneksel şekilde veya akrilik primer ve dual-cure ajanları ile kombine edilerek uygulanmıştır. Tüm örneklere üç nokta eğilme testi uygulanmış ve ED değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Veriler, protez kaide materyali ve bonding işlemlerine göre iki yönlü varyans analizi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir (p<0,05). Bulgular: CAD/CAM frezeleme yöntemiyle hazırlanan örneklerin tamir sonrası ortalama eğilme dayanımı (17,31 ± 1,48 N), geleneksel ısı ile polimerize edilen rezinlerden anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Akrilik primer ile kombine edilen bonding ajan uygulaması, diğer yüzey işlemlerine kıyasla anlamlı olarak daha yüksek ED sağlamıştır (p<0,05). Dual-cure bonding ajanı hariç, diğer tüm bonding ajan uygulamaları ED değerlerini anlamlı şekilde artırmıştır. Sonuç: VLC rezini kullanılarak yapılan protez kaide tamir işlemlerinde, yüzey işleminde özel olarak formüle edilmiş bonding ajanlarının kullanımı klinik açıdan yarar sağlayabilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Protez tamiri, Eğilme dayanımı, CAD-CAM, Bonding ajanı, Akrilik primer

Keywords

• Protez tamiri
• Eğilme dayanımı
• CAD-CAM
• Bonding ajanı
• Akrilik primer

Bonding treatment of CAD/CAM milled denture resins repaired with visible light-cured resin

Abstract

Aims: This study evaluated and compared the effect of bonding agents on the flexural strength (FS) of denture base resins repaired with visible light cured (VLC) denture resin. Methods: A total of 100 specimens (65x10x2.5 mm) were fabricated using two types of denture base materials: pre-polymerized PMMA-based blocks designed for CAD/CAM milling and conventional heat-polymerized denture base acrylic resin (control). The specimens were sectioned in the middle with 2 mm repair gap and 45° margin design. Repair surfaces were first treated with various light-cured bonding agents then repaired using VLC resin. The bonding agents either conventional or combined with acrylic primers and dual cure agents were tested. All the specimens were subjected to 3-point bending test and FS was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance according to the denture base material and the bonding treatments (p<0.05). Results: Among repaired groups, acrylic primer + G-Premio BOND produced the highest FS within each material (A3: 17.31±4.69 MPa; B3: 9.80±2.57 MPa). Between materials, CAD/CAM exceeded conventional in groups 1-4 (p<0.05)-including the intact controls-whereas group 5 showed no between-material difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: The use of a bonding agent specifically designed for the surface treatment of acrylic resins can be clinically beneficial when repairing denture bases with VLC resin.

Keywords

• Acrylic primer
• bonding agent
• CAD/CAM
• denture repair
• flexural strength

Thanks

Our manuscript entitled "Effect of Bonding Agent on Repairing CAD/CAM Milled Denture Bases Using Visible Light-Cured Resin," submitted for consideration in your journal, is an entirely in vitro study and does not involve human or animal participants. Therefore, ethical committee approval was not required for this research. I appreciate your consideration.

References

1. Carlsson GE, Omar R. The future of complete dentures in oral rehabilitation. A critical review. J Oral Rehabil. 2010;37(2):143-156. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2009.02039.x
2. Yilmaz B, Azak AN, Alp G, Ekşi H. Use of CAD-CAM technology for the fabrication of complete dentures: an alternative technique. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;118(2):140-143. doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.10.016
3. Kalberer N, Mehl A, Schimmel M, Müller F, Srinivasan M. CAD-CAM milled versus rapidly prototyped (3D-printed) complete dentures: an in vitro evaluation of trueness. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;121(4):637-643. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.08.002
4. Goodacre BJ, Goodacre CJ, Baba NZ, Kattadiyil MT. Comparison of denture base adaptation between CAD-CAM and conventional fabrication techniques. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;116(2):249-256. doi:10.1016/ j.prosdent.2016.02.017
5. Fouda A, Tonogai J, McDermott P, Wang D, Dong CS. A systematic review on patient perceptions and clinician-reported outcomes when comparing digital and analog workflows for complete dentures. J Prosthodont. 2024. doi:10.1111/jopr.13723
6. Ohara K, Isshiki Y, Hoshi N, et al. Patient satisfaction with conventional dentures vs. digital dentures fabricated using 3D-printing: a randomized crossover trial. J Prosthodont Res. 2022;66(4):623-629. doi:10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_21_00149
7. Arslan M, Murat S, Alp G, Zaimoglu A. Evaluation of flexural strength and surface properties of prepolymerized CAD/CAM PMMA-based polymers used for digital 3D complete dentures. Int J Comput Dent. 2018;21(1):31-40.
8. Al-Fouzan AF, Al-Mejrad LA, Albarrag AM. Adherence of Candida to complete denture surfaces in vitro: a comparison of conventional and CAD/CAM complete dentures. J Adv Prosthodont. 2017;9(5):402-408. doi:10.4047/jap.2017.9.5.402

9. Infante L, Yilmaz B, McGlumphy E, Finger I. Fabricating complete dentures with CAD/CAM technology. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;111(5):351-355. doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2013.10.014
10. Steinmassl O, Dumfahrt H, Grunert I, Steinmassl PA. CAD/CAM produces dentures with improved fit. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(8):2829-2835. doi:10.1007/s00784-018-2369-2
11. Dimitrova M, Vlahova A, Hristov I, Kazakova R. Bonding efficiency between artificial teeth and denture base in CAD/CAM and conventional complete removable dentures. Materials (Basel). 2024;17(13):3138. doi: 10.3390/ma17133138
12. Wiegand A, Stucki L, Hoffmann R, Attin T, Stawarczyk B. Repairability of CAD/CAM high-density PMMA-and composite-based polymers. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(8):2007-2013. doi:10.1007/s00784-015-1424-8
13. Jeong KW, Kim SH. Influence of surface treatments and repair materials on the shear bond strength of CAD/CAM provisional restorations. J Adv Prosthodont. 2019;11(2):95-104. doi:10.4047/jap.2019.11.2.95
14. Kumari R, Bala S. Assessment of cases of complete denture fracture. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2021;13(Suppl 2):S1558-S1560. doi:10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_726_20
15. Bosanceanu DN, Beldiman A, Baciu RE, Bolat M, Bosanceanu DG, Forna NC. Complete dentures fractures-causes and incidence. Ro J Oral Rehabil. 2017;9(1):54-59.
16. Ates M, Cilingir A, Sulun T, Sunbuloglu E, Bozdag E. The effect of occlusal contact localization on the stress distribution in complete maxillary denture. J Oral Rehabil. 2006;33(7):509-513. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2842. 2005.01578.x
17. Ali IL, Yunus N, Abu-Hassan MI. Hardness, flexural strength, and flexural modulus comparisons of three differently cured denture base systems. J Prosthodont. 2008;17(7):545-549. doi:10.1111/j.1532-849X. 2008.00357.x
18. Huggett R, Bates JF, Packham DE. The effect of the curing cycle upon the molecular weight and properties of denture base materials. Dent Mater. 1987;3(2):107-112. doi:10.1016/s0109-5641(87)80023-9
19. Murakami N, Wakabayashi N, Matsushima R, Kishida A, Igarashi Y. Effect of high-pressure polymerization on mechanical properties of PMMA denture base resin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2013;20:98-104. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.12.011
20. Venkat R, Gopichander N, Vasantakumar M. Comprehensive analysis of repair/reinforcement materials for polymethyl methacrylate denture bases: mechanical and dimensional stability characteristics. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2013;13(4):439-449. doi:10.1007/s13191-013-0303-4
21. Sahin Z, Ozer NE, Akan T, Kılıcarslan MA, Karaagaclıoglu L. The effect of various surface treatments on the repair bond strength of denture bases produced by digital and conventional methods. Odontology. 2024; 112(3):782-797. doi:10.1007/s10266-023-00808-1
22. Tuğut F, Koyu T. Effect of repair and thermal cycling on the flexural strength of denture base materials fabricated from different methods. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2023;26(2):150-156. doi:10.7126/cumudj.1201130
23. Stipho HD, Talic YF. Repair of denture base resins with visible light-polymerized reline material: effect on tensile and shear bond strengths. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;86(2):143-148. doi:10.1067/mpr.2001.117055
24. AlQahtani M, Haralur SB. Influence of different repair acrylic resin and thermocycling on the flexural strength of denture base resin. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020;56(2):50. doi:10.3390/medicina56020050
25. Bural C, Aktaş E, Deniz G, Ünlüçerçi Y, Kizilcan N, Bayraktar G. Effect of postpolymerization heat-treatments on degree of conversion, leaching residual MMA and in vitro cytotoxicity of autopolymerizing acrylic repair resin. Dent Mater. 2011;27(11):1135-1143. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2011.08.007
26. Cilingir A, Bilhan H, Geckili O, Sulun T, Bozdag E, Sunbuloglu E. In vitro comparison of two different materials for the repair of urethane dimethacrylate denture bases. J Adv Prosthodont. 2013;5(4):396-401. doi:10.4047/jap.2013.5.4.396
27. Mahajan H, Chandu GS, Mishra SK. An in vitro study of the effect of design of repair surface on the transverse strength of repaired acrylic resin using autopolymerizing resin. Niger J Clin Pract. 2014;17(1):38-42. doi:10.4103/1119-3077.122835
28. Vasthare A, Shetty S, Kamalakanth SK, Shetty M, Parveen K, Shetty R. Effect of different edge profile, surface treatment, and glass fiber reinforcement on the transverse strength of denture base resin repaired with autopolymerizing acrylic resin: an in vitro study. J Interdiscip Dent. 2017;7(1):31-37. doi:10.4103/jid.jid_76_16
29. Al-Dwairi ZN, Tahboub KY, Baba NZ, Goodacre CJ, Ozcan M. A comparison of the surface properties of CAD/CAM and conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). J Prosthodont. 2019;28(4):452-457. doi:10.1111/jopr.13035
30. Minami H, Suzuki S, Minesaki Y, Kurashige H, Tanaka T. In vitro evaluation of the influence of repairing condition of denture base resin on the bonding of autopolymerizing resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;91(2): 164-170. doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2003.11.016
31. Özcan M, Alander P, Vallittu PK, Huysmans MC, Kalk W. Effect of three surface conditioning methods to improve bond strength of particulate filler resin composites. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2005;16(1):21-27. doi:10.1007/s10856-005-6442-4
32. Erbulak Z, Ergun G. The effects of different surface treatments applied to milled PMMA denture base material on repair bond strength. Odontology. 2023;111(4):953-970. doi:10.1007/s10266-023-00794-4
33. Özatik Ş, Bural Alan C. Flexural strength of repaired denture base materials manufactured for the CAD-CAM technique. J Oral Sci. 2024; 66(2):120-124. doi:10.2334/josnusd.23-0220
34. Dentsply Sirona Prosthetics. Eclipse® Prosthetic Resin Materials (Baseplate, Set-Up and Contour Resin) Safety Data Sheet. Rev. 5. York, PA: Dentsply Sirona; 2019. Available from: https://www.dentsplysirona.com
35. Menon RK, Xin YH, Wei BCT, et al. CADCAM versus conventional denture bases: network meta-analysis of in vitro studies comparing accuracy and surface properties. Int Dent J. 2025;75(3):2062-2070. doi: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.12.032
36. Ölçer Us O, Yüzbaşıoğlu E, Özdemir G, Albayrak B. Clinical outcomes and complications of CAD‑CAM fabricated complete dentures: an update and review. J Exp Clin Med. 2021;38(S2):92-97. doi:10.52142/omujecm.38.si.dent.3
37. Beyli MS, von Fraunhofer JA. Repair of fractured acrylic resin. J Prosthet Dent. 1980;44(5):497-503. doi:10.1016/0022-3913(80)90067-0
38. Lewinstein I, Zeltser C, Mayer CM, Tal Y. Transverse bond strength of repaired acrylic resin strips and temperature rise of dentures relined with VLC reline resin. J Prosthet Dent. 1995;74(4):392-399. doi:10.1016/s0022-3913(05)80377-3