İntihar girişimi sonrasında yoğun bakım ünitesine yatırılan hastaların demografik, psikiyatrik ve klinik özelliklerinin retrospektif değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, intihar girişimi sonrasında yoğun bakım ünitesine yatırılan hastalarda demografik, klinik ve psikiyatrik özellikler ile mortalite arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Ocak 2020 ile Mayıs 2025 tarihleri arasında, Türkiye'nin bir ilindeki üç hastanede intihar girişimi sonrasında yoğun bakım ünitesine yatırılan toplam 121 hasta retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların demografik, klinik ve psikiyatrik verileri tıbbi kayıtlardan elde edilerek mortalite ile ilişkileri değerlendirilmek üzere analiz edildi. Bulgular: İleri yaş, erkek cinsiyet (ölümle sonuçlanan olguların %96,3’ü erkekti), eşlik eden fiziksel hastalıkların varlığı, yüksek letaliteli intihar yöntemlerinin kullanımı ve yoğun bakım sürecinde psikiyatrik konsültasyon yapılmaması mortalite ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkili bulundu. Özellikle ası, yüksekten atlama ve kesici/delici alet kullanımı gibi yöntemler ölüm riskini belirgin biçimde artırmaktaydı. Bu yöntemleri kullanan hastaların yoğun bakımda kalış süreleri daha uzun olup, kapalı psikiyatri servislerine yönlendirilme oranları da daha yüksekti. Psikiyatrik konsültasyon almayan hastalarda mortalite oranları anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek saptandı. Sonuç: Bu retrospektif çalışma, intihar girişimi sonrasında yoğun bakım ünitesine yatırılan hastalarda mortalite ile ilişkili temel risk faktörlerini ortaya koymuştur. İleri yaş, erkek cinsiyet, fiziksel hastalıkların varlığı, yüksek letaliteli intihar yöntemlerinin kullanımı ve psikiyatrik konsültasyonun yapılmaması, bu hasta grubunda mortalitenin başlıca belirleyicileri olarak saptanmıştır. Bulgular, yüksek riskli bireylerin erken tanılanmasının, zamanında psikiyatrik değerlendirme yapılmasının ve müdahalede multidisipliner bir yaklaşım benimsenmesinin intihara bağlı mortalitenin azaltılmasında kritik önem taşıdığını vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• suicide attempt
• intensive care
• mortality
• psychiatric consultation

Retrospective evaluation of the demographic, psychiatric, and clinical characteristics of patients admitted to the intensive care unit following a suicide attempt

Abstract

Aims: This retrospective, multicenter study aims to evaluate the relationship between demographic, clinical, and psychiatric characteristics and mortality among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following a suicide attempt. Methods: Between January 2020 and May 2025, a total of 121 patients admitted to the ICU following a suicide attempt at three hospitals in a province of Türkiye were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, clinical, and psychiatric data were extracted from medical records and analyzed to assess their associations with mortality. Results: Male sex (with 96.3% of deceased cases being male) (aOR=35.402, 95% CI=1.821-688.370), jumping from a height (aOR=57.931, 95% CI=2.912-1152.486), and the absence of psychiatric consultation during ICU stay (aOR=150.134, 95% CI=10.590-2128.469) were all significantly associated with mortality. Patients who used the lethal methods had more extended ICU stays and were more frequently referred to locked psychiatric units. Mortality rates were significantly higher among those who did not receive a psychiatric consultation. Conclusion: This retrospective study investigated key risk factors associated with mortality among patients admitted to the ICU following a suicide attempt. Advanced age, male sex, the presence of physical illness, use of high-lethality suicide methods, and the absence of psychiatric consultation were found to be the major factors that may contribute to mortality in this population. The findings suggest the critical importance of early identification of high-risk individuals, timely psychiatric assessment, and a multidisciplinary approach to intervention in reducing suicide-related mortality, although the results should be interpreted with caution given the limited number of events and retrospective design. Additionally, potential time-to-consultation biases warrant cautious interpretation.

Keywords

• Suicide attempt
• intensive care
• mortality
• psychiatric consultation

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