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Unilateral kronik ayak bileği instabilitesi olan bireylerde peroneal kas kalınlığı ve kas kuvvetinin değerlendirilmesi

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 65 - 70, 05.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1768804

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada unilateral kronik ayak bileği instabilitesi olan bireylerde peroneal kas kalınlığı ve kuvvetinin araştırılması amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Çalışmaya unilateral kronik ayak bileği instabilitesi olan otuz dört kişi dahil edildi. Unilateral kronik ayak bileği instabilitesi olan kişilerin ayak duruşu Ayak Duruş İndeksi ile, ayak bileği çevresindeki kasların kas gücü elde taşınan dinamometre ile ve peroneus longus ve brevis kas kalınlıkları ultrasonografi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda katılımcıların hem peroneus brevis (p=0,024) hem de peroneus longus (p=0,043) kas kalınlıklarının etkilenen tarafta etkilenmeyen tarafa göre daha ince olduğu görüldü. Katılımcıların etkilenen ve etkilenmeyen taraflarındaki kas kalınlıkları incelendiğinde, plantar fleksör, dorsifleksör, invertör ve evertör kas kalınlıklarının her iki tarafta da benzer olduğu gözlendi (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda, unilateral kronik ayak bileği instabilitesi olan bireylerde, Perous Longus ve Brevis kas kalınlığı etkilenen tarafta daha azdı. Ayrıca, unilateral kronik ayak bileği instabilitesi olan bireylerde, etkilenen taraftaki kas kuvvetinde bir fark yoktu.

References

  • Medina McKeon JM, Hoch MC. The ankle-joint complex: a kinesiologic approach to lateral ankle sprains. J Athl Train. 2019;54(6):589-602. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-472-17
  • Silver JK, Rizzo TD. Essentials of physical medicine and rehabilitation: musculoskeletal disorders, pain, and rehabilitation. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2008.
  • Chan LYT, Sim YTN, Gan FK, et al. Effect of chronic ankle instability on lower extremity kinematics, dynamic postural stability, and muscle activity during unilateral jump-landing tasks: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport. 2022;55:176-188. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2022. 04.005
  • Wenning M, Gehring D, Mauch M, et al. Functional deficits in chronic mechanical ankle instability. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020;15:304. doi:10.11 86/s13018-020-01847-8
  • Pereira H, Guillo S, Glazebrook M, et al. Lateral ankle instability. Springer. 2021.
  • Hoch MC, McKeon PO. Peroneal reaction time after ankle sprain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(3):54 6-56 doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a6a93b
  • Dong S, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Can arthrogenic muscle inhibition exist in peroneal muscles among people with chronic ankle instability? a cross-sectional study. Sports Med Open. 2024;10:35. doi:10.1186/s40798-024-0 0710-y
  • Rossi F, Zaottini F, Picasso R, Martinoli C, Tagliafico AS. Ankle and foot ultrasound: reliability of side-to-side comparison of small anatomic structures. J Ultrasound Med. 2019;38(8):2143-2153. doi:10.1002/jum.14911
  • Hu X, Hou X, Wang L. Bilateral alterations in sensorimotor function and altered sensory strategy in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness. 2025;23(1):21-31. doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.002
  • Gribble PA, Delahunt E, Bleakley CM, et al. Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the international ankle consortium. J Athl Train. 2014;49(1): 121-7. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.1.14
  • Lobo CC, Morales CR, Sanz DR, et al. Ultrasonography comparison of peroneus muscle cross-sectional area in subjects with or without lateral ankle sprains. J Manip Physiol Ther. 2016;39:635-644. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt. 2016.09.001
  • Redmond AC, Crane YZ, Menz HB. Normative values for the foot posture index. J Foot Ankle Res. 31 2008;1:6. doi:10.1186/1757-1146-1-6
  • Evans AM, Copper AW, Scharfbillig RW, et al. Reliability of the foot posture index and traditional measures of foot position. J Am Podiat Med Assn. 2003;93:203-213. doi:10.7547/87507315-93-3-203
  • Alshehri SHS, Alshahrani MS, Al Adal SY, Alyazedi FM, Alnakhli HH, Reddy RS. An examination of ankle joint position sense, postural control and associated neuromuscular deficits in patients with plantar fasciitis: a cross-sectional analysis with advanced biomechanical and psychosocial correlates. J Orthop Surg Res. 2025;20(1):67. doi:10.1186/s13018-025-05485-w
  • Özgül B, Starbuck C, Polat MG, et al. Relationship between self-reported functional stability and peroneal muscle structure in individuals with chronic ankle instability. J Exerc Ther Rehabil. 2020;7:38-45.
  • Alshahrani MS, Reddy RS, Alshahrani A, et al. Exploring the interplay between ankle muscle strength, postural control, and pain intensity in chronic ankle instability: a comprehensive analysis. Heliyon. 2024;10:e27 374. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27374
  • Cho BK, Park JK, Choi SM, et al. The peroneal strength deficits in patients with chronic ankle instability compared to ankle sprain copers and normal individuals. Foot Ankle Surg. 2019;25:231-236. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2017.10.017
  • Chamorro C, Armijo-Olivo S, De la Fuente C, Fuentes J, Javier Chirosa L. Absolute reliability and concurrent validity of hand held dynamometry and isokinetic dynamometry in the hip, knee and ankle joint: systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Med (Wars). 2017;12:3 59-375. doi:10.1515/med-2017-0052
  • Kazemi K, Saadi F, Javanshir K, et al. Ultrasound changes of peri-ankle muscles in subjects with unilateral chronic ankle instability. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2021;10:673-678. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.04.018
  • Yu H, Yeo S, Lim JY, et al. Peri-ankle muscles architecture and performance changes in patients with chronic ankle instability: a retrospective cross-sectional study. J Foot Ankle Res. 2024;17:e12035. doi:10.1002/jfa2.12035
  • Fukunaga T, Miyatani M, Tachi M, Kouzaki M, Kawakami Y, Kanehisa H. Muscle volume is a major determinant of joint torque in humans. Acta Physiol Scand. 2001;172(4):249-55. doi:10.1046/j.1365-201x.2001.00867.x
  • Zhou Z, Xu D, Wang M, et al. Assessment of muscle synergies in chronic ankle instability patients during unanticipated and anticipated landing. Bioengineering (Basel). 2024;11(12):1237 doi:10.3390/bioengineering111 21237
  • Uzlasir S, Tayfur B, Işıkdemir E, Tayfur A. Comparison of muscle activation and proprioception during landing at different angles between individuals with chronic ankle instability and healthy controls. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025;26(1):929 doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09212-8
  • Sadeghi H, Allard P, Prince F, Labelle H. Symmetry and limb dominance in able-bodied gait: a review. Gait & Posture. 2000;12(1):34-45. doi:10.10 16/S0966-6362(00)00070-9
  • van Melick N, Meddeler BM, Hoogeboom TJ, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, van cingel REH. How to determine leg dominance: The agreement between self-reported and observed performance in healthy adults. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0189876. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.018 9876

Evaluation of peroneal muscle thickness and muscle strength in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 65 - 70, 05.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1768804

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare peroneal muscle thickness and ankle circumference muscle strength between the affected and unaffected sides in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability.
Methods: Thirty-four participants with unilateral chronic ankle instability were included in the study. The foot posture of participants with unilateral chronic ankle instability was evaluated with the Foot Posture Index, the strength of the muscles around the ankle was evaluated with a hand-held dynamometer, and peroneus longus (PL) and peroneus brevis (PB) muscle thicknesses were evaluated with ultrasonography. Since the normal distribution assumption was not met, measurements of the affected and unaffected extremities were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Results: As a result of the study, both PB (p=0.024) and PL (p=0.043) muscle thicknesses of the participants were thinner on the affected side. When the muscle strength of the participants on the affected and unaffected sides was examined, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two sides for plantar flexor, dorsiflexor, invertor, and evertor muscle strength (p>0.05).
Conclusion: As a result, in participants with unilateral chronic ankle instability, PL and PB muscle thickness were less on the affected side. Furthermore, there was no difference in muscle strength between the sides in participants with unilateral chronic ankle instability.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was received from Atılım University Human Research Ethics Committee on 14.11.2024 with protocol code E-59394181-604.01-99557

Supporting Institution

Atılım University

References

  • Medina McKeon JM, Hoch MC. The ankle-joint complex: a kinesiologic approach to lateral ankle sprains. J Athl Train. 2019;54(6):589-602. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-472-17
  • Silver JK, Rizzo TD. Essentials of physical medicine and rehabilitation: musculoskeletal disorders, pain, and rehabilitation. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2008.
  • Chan LYT, Sim YTN, Gan FK, et al. Effect of chronic ankle instability on lower extremity kinematics, dynamic postural stability, and muscle activity during unilateral jump-landing tasks: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport. 2022;55:176-188. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2022. 04.005
  • Wenning M, Gehring D, Mauch M, et al. Functional deficits in chronic mechanical ankle instability. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020;15:304. doi:10.11 86/s13018-020-01847-8
  • Pereira H, Guillo S, Glazebrook M, et al. Lateral ankle instability. Springer. 2021.
  • Hoch MC, McKeon PO. Peroneal reaction time after ankle sprain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(3):54 6-56 doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a6a93b
  • Dong S, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Can arthrogenic muscle inhibition exist in peroneal muscles among people with chronic ankle instability? a cross-sectional study. Sports Med Open. 2024;10:35. doi:10.1186/s40798-024-0 0710-y
  • Rossi F, Zaottini F, Picasso R, Martinoli C, Tagliafico AS. Ankle and foot ultrasound: reliability of side-to-side comparison of small anatomic structures. J Ultrasound Med. 2019;38(8):2143-2153. doi:10.1002/jum.14911
  • Hu X, Hou X, Wang L. Bilateral alterations in sensorimotor function and altered sensory strategy in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness. 2025;23(1):21-31. doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2024.12.002
  • Gribble PA, Delahunt E, Bleakley CM, et al. Selection criteria for patients with chronic ankle instability in controlled research: a position statement of the international ankle consortium. J Athl Train. 2014;49(1): 121-7. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-49.1.14
  • Lobo CC, Morales CR, Sanz DR, et al. Ultrasonography comparison of peroneus muscle cross-sectional area in subjects with or without lateral ankle sprains. J Manip Physiol Ther. 2016;39:635-644. doi:10.1016/j.jmpt. 2016.09.001
  • Redmond AC, Crane YZ, Menz HB. Normative values for the foot posture index. J Foot Ankle Res. 31 2008;1:6. doi:10.1186/1757-1146-1-6
  • Evans AM, Copper AW, Scharfbillig RW, et al. Reliability of the foot posture index and traditional measures of foot position. J Am Podiat Med Assn. 2003;93:203-213. doi:10.7547/87507315-93-3-203
  • Alshehri SHS, Alshahrani MS, Al Adal SY, Alyazedi FM, Alnakhli HH, Reddy RS. An examination of ankle joint position sense, postural control and associated neuromuscular deficits in patients with plantar fasciitis: a cross-sectional analysis with advanced biomechanical and psychosocial correlates. J Orthop Surg Res. 2025;20(1):67. doi:10.1186/s13018-025-05485-w
  • Özgül B, Starbuck C, Polat MG, et al. Relationship between self-reported functional stability and peroneal muscle structure in individuals with chronic ankle instability. J Exerc Ther Rehabil. 2020;7:38-45.
  • Alshahrani MS, Reddy RS, Alshahrani A, et al. Exploring the interplay between ankle muscle strength, postural control, and pain intensity in chronic ankle instability: a comprehensive analysis. Heliyon. 2024;10:e27 374. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27374
  • Cho BK, Park JK, Choi SM, et al. The peroneal strength deficits in patients with chronic ankle instability compared to ankle sprain copers and normal individuals. Foot Ankle Surg. 2019;25:231-236. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2017.10.017
  • Chamorro C, Armijo-Olivo S, De la Fuente C, Fuentes J, Javier Chirosa L. Absolute reliability and concurrent validity of hand held dynamometry and isokinetic dynamometry in the hip, knee and ankle joint: systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Med (Wars). 2017;12:3 59-375. doi:10.1515/med-2017-0052
  • Kazemi K, Saadi F, Javanshir K, et al. Ultrasound changes of peri-ankle muscles in subjects with unilateral chronic ankle instability. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2021;10:673-678. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.04.018
  • Yu H, Yeo S, Lim JY, et al. Peri-ankle muscles architecture and performance changes in patients with chronic ankle instability: a retrospective cross-sectional study. J Foot Ankle Res. 2024;17:e12035. doi:10.1002/jfa2.12035
  • Fukunaga T, Miyatani M, Tachi M, Kouzaki M, Kawakami Y, Kanehisa H. Muscle volume is a major determinant of joint torque in humans. Acta Physiol Scand. 2001;172(4):249-55. doi:10.1046/j.1365-201x.2001.00867.x
  • Zhou Z, Xu D, Wang M, et al. Assessment of muscle synergies in chronic ankle instability patients during unanticipated and anticipated landing. Bioengineering (Basel). 2024;11(12):1237 doi:10.3390/bioengineering111 21237
  • Uzlasir S, Tayfur B, Işıkdemir E, Tayfur A. Comparison of muscle activation and proprioception during landing at different angles between individuals with chronic ankle instability and healthy controls. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2025;26(1):929 doi:10.1186/s12891-025-09212-8
  • Sadeghi H, Allard P, Prince F, Labelle H. Symmetry and limb dominance in able-bodied gait: a review. Gait & Posture. 2000;12(1):34-45. doi:10.10 16/S0966-6362(00)00070-9
  • van Melick N, Meddeler BM, Hoogeboom TJ, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, van cingel REH. How to determine leg dominance: The agreement between self-reported and observed performance in healthy adults. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0189876. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.018 9876
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Süleyman Korkusuz 0000-0002-1277-1369

Büşra Seçkinoğulları Korkusuz 0000-0002-8484-3659

Nureddin Berkay Beyazkılıç 0009-0008-4895-9372

Behrad Eren Tuncel 0009-0009-1924-9774

Ayça Kılıç 0009-0004-5875-1752

İbrahim Elsharkawi 0009-0008-6291-519X

Talha Gök 0009-0004-0274-748X

Fatih Buğra Gümüşsoy 0009-0000-1805-7994

Ferdi Yavuz 0000-0002-6247-2578

Submission Date August 19, 2025
Acceptance Date November 21, 2025
Publication Date January 5, 2026
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Korkusuz S, Seçkinoğulları Korkusuz B, Beyazkılıç NB, et al. Evaluation of peroneal muscle thickness and muscle strength in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. January 2026;9(1):65-70. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1768804

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