Research Article

Initial clinical and laboratory findings of patients diagnosed with HIV in a hematology outpatient clinic: a retrospective analysis

Volume: 9 Number: 1 January 5, 2026
TR EN

Initial clinical and laboratory findings of patients diagnosed with HIV in a hematology outpatient clinic: a retrospective analysis

Abstract

Aims: To assess the clinical and laboratory characteristics at the time of HIV diagnosis in patients first identified in a hematology outpatient clinic. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 23 patients diagnosed with HIV in the hematology outpatient clinic of a tertiary center between January 2023 and July 2025. Demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, opportunistic infections, and initial laboratory parameters-including CD4 counts and HIV RNA levels-were recorded. Late presentation was defined a priori as CD4<350 cells/µL or an AIDS defining condition at diagnosis; advanced HIV disease as CD4<200 cells/µL. “High viral burden” was defined as HIV RNA>100,000 copies/ml. Results: The median age was 51 years (range: 22-69), and 87% were male. The most common presenting findings were lymphadenopathy (56.5%;13/23) and weight loss (47.8%;11/23). Among 23 patients, 10 (43.5%) had cytopenias at diagnosis. Specifically, anemia was observed in 3 patients (13.0%), leukopenia in 6 patients (26.0%), and thrombocytopenia in 6 patients (26.0%). Pancytopenia was present in 2 patients (8.7%). Splenomegaly was observed in 8 patients (34.7%). Opportunistic infections at diagnosis included oral candidiasis (n=1), CMV pneumonia confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) PCR (polymerase chain reaction) (n=1), CMV encephalitis confirmed by CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) PCR (n=1), and disseminated herpes zoster (n=1). Two patients were diagnosed with syphilis (co-infection) at presentation. Two patients had concurrent hematologic malignancies (one aggressive B-cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and one acute myeloid leukemia) at the time of HIV detection. The median CD4 count was 214 cells/µL (range: 35-901; IQR: 124-356), and 22/23 (95.6%) had HIV RNA>100,000 copies/ml. Mean hemoglobin was 12.36 g/dl (±2.91); mean WBC 6.02×103/µL (±3.55); mean platelet count 183.87×103/µL (±91.28). Overall, 17 patients (73.9%) were late presenters, and 11 (47.8%) had advanced HIV disease. Conclusion: Most patients diagnosed with HIV in hematology clinics present with cytopenias and generalized lymphadenopathy, often at advanced stages. Given the small, single-center retrospective design, these descriptive findings should be interpreted cautiously; nonetheless, raising awareness among hematologists to routinely consider HIV testing in patients with unexplained cytopenias and lymphadenopathy may facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve clinical outcomes.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

The authors received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors for this research.

Ethical Statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments. Approval was obtained from the Etlik City Hospital Ethics Committee (Approval number: AEŞH-BADEK1-2025-425, dated 27 August 2025). Given the retrospective design and use of anonymized data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the committee. Consent for publication: Not applicable (no identifying images or personal details are included in this article).

Thanks

The authors thank the clinical staff of the Hematology Department at Etlik City Hospital for their assistance in accessing patient records.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Haematological Tumours, Medical Infection Agents

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

January 5, 2026

Submission Date

September 15, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 4, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Seçilmiş, S., Ay Karakuş, B., Karakuzi, S., Yapar Toros, G., Çiçek Şentürk, G., Acar, K., & Güneş, A. K. (2026). Initial clinical and laboratory findings of patients diagnosed with HIV in a hematology outpatient clinic: a retrospective analysis. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, 9(1), 14-18. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1783841
AMA
1.Seçilmiş S, Ay Karakuş B, Karakuzi S, et al. Initial clinical and laboratory findings of patients diagnosed with HIV in a hematology outpatient clinic: a retrospective analysis. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026;9(1):14-18. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1783841
Chicago
Seçilmiş, Sema, Birgül Ay Karakuş, Semanur Karakuzi, et al. 2026. “Initial Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Patients Diagnosed With HIV in a Hematology Outpatient Clinic: A Retrospective Analysis”. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 9 (1): 14-18. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1783841.
EndNote
Seçilmiş S, Ay Karakuş B, Karakuzi S, Yapar Toros G, Çiçek Şentürk G, Acar K, Güneş AK (January 1, 2026) Initial clinical and laboratory findings of patients diagnosed with HIV in a hematology outpatient clinic: a retrospective analysis. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 9 1 14–18.
IEEE
[1]S. Seçilmiş et al., “Initial clinical and laboratory findings of patients diagnosed with HIV in a hematology outpatient clinic: a retrospective analysis”, J Health Sci Med / JHSM, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 14–18, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.32322/jhsm.1783841.
ISNAD
Seçilmiş, Sema - Ay Karakuş, Birgül - Karakuzi, Semanur - Yapar Toros, Göknur - Çiçek Şentürk, Gönül - Acar, Kadir - Güneş, Ahmet Kürşad. “Initial Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Patients Diagnosed With HIV in a Hematology Outpatient Clinic: A Retrospective Analysis”. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 9/1 (January 1, 2026): 14-18. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1783841.
JAMA
1.Seçilmiş S, Ay Karakuş B, Karakuzi S, Yapar Toros G, Çiçek Şentürk G, Acar K, Güneş AK. Initial clinical and laboratory findings of patients diagnosed with HIV in a hematology outpatient clinic: a retrospective analysis. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026;9:14–18.
MLA
Seçilmiş, Sema, et al. “Initial Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Patients Diagnosed With HIV in a Hematology Outpatient Clinic: A Retrospective Analysis”. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 14-18, doi:10.32322/jhsm.1783841.
Vancouver
1.Sema Seçilmiş, Birgül Ay Karakuş, Semanur Karakuzi, Göknur Yapar Toros, Gönül Çiçek Şentürk, Kadir Acar, Ahmet Kürşad Güneş. Initial clinical and laboratory findings of patients diagnosed with HIV in a hematology outpatient clinic: a retrospective analysis. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026 Jan. 1;9(1):14-8. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1783841

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