Research Article

Comparison of the lactate-to-albumin ratio, Shock index, and injury severity score for predicting in-hospital mortality among trauma patients presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective study

Volume: 9 Number: 1 January 5, 2026
EN TR

Comparison of the lactate-to-albumin ratio, Shock index, and injury severity score for predicting in-hospital mortality among trauma patients presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective study

Abstract

Aims: Rapid and accurate risk stratification is vital in trauma care. This study compared the prognostic performance of the lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR), the Shock Index (SI), and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) in predicting in-hospital mortality among adult trauma patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort of consecutive adult (≥18 years) trauma presentations to a tertiary ED (January 2022–January 2025). Cases with missing core variables were excluded. Discrimination for ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality was quantified by area under the ROC curve (AUC) with 95% CIs and compared pairwise using DeLong tests. Youden-optimized thresholds were summarized with positive/negative likelihood ratios, predictive values, and Youden’s J. In-hospital mortality associations were examined using univariable and prespecified multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 4.942 patients were included, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 3.1%. The ISS consistently performed better than the SI and the LAR. For intensive care unit (ICU) admission, the AUCs were 0.943 for ISS, 0.829 for SI, and 0.801 for LAR. For the need for mechanical ventilation, the AUCs were 0.938 for ISS, 0.813 for SI, and 0.788 for LAR. For in-hospital mortality, the AUCs were 0.851 for ISS, 0.763 for LAR, and 0.757 for SI. DeLong tests showed that ISS was significantly superior to both SI and LAR in predicting in-hospital mortality (p<0.001). LAR and SI performed similarly (p=0.824). Conclusion: The ISS was the strongest predictor of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality. The SI and LAR may provide valuable early information through rapid bedside assessment, supporting a stepwise approach in trauma management within the ED.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No

Ethical Statement

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital (Approval No. 2025/13/32).

Thanks

No

References

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  5. Hosseinpour R, Barghi A, Mehrabi S, Salaminia S, Tobeh P. Prognosis of the trauma patients according to the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS): a diagnostic accuracy study. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2020;8(3):148-155. doi:10.30476/BEAT.2020.84613
  6. Vang M, Østberg M, Steinmetz J, Rasmussen LS. Shock index as a predictor for mortality in trauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022;48(4):2559-2566. doi:10.1007/s00068-021-01827-0
  7. Li X, Yang Y, Zhang B, et al. Lactate metabolism in human health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):305. doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01151-3
  8. Peretz DI, Scott HM, Duff J, Dossetor JB, MacLean LD, McGregor M. The significance of lacticacidemia in the shock syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1965;119(3):1133-1141. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb54038.x

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Emergency Medicine

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

January 5, 2026

Submission Date

October 8, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 11, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Acar, A. Ö., & Aydın, H. (2026). Comparison of the lactate-to-albumin ratio, Shock index, and injury severity score for predicting in-hospital mortality among trauma patients presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective study. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, 9(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1799259
AMA
1.Acar AÖ, Aydın H. Comparison of the lactate-to-albumin ratio, Shock index, and injury severity score for predicting in-hospital mortality among trauma patients presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective study. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026;9(1):26-31. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1799259
Chicago
Acar, Ahmet Önder, and Hakan Aydın. 2026. “Comparison of the Lactate-to-Albumin Ratio, Shock Index, and Injury Severity Score for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality Among Trauma Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Study”. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 9 (1): 26-31. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1799259.
EndNote
Acar AÖ, Aydın H (January 1, 2026) Comparison of the lactate-to-albumin ratio, Shock index, and injury severity score for predicting in-hospital mortality among trauma patients presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective study. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 9 1 26–31.
IEEE
[1]A. Ö. Acar and H. Aydın, “Comparison of the lactate-to-albumin ratio, Shock index, and injury severity score for predicting in-hospital mortality among trauma patients presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective study”, J Health Sci Med / JHSM, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 26–31, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.32322/jhsm.1799259.
ISNAD
Acar, Ahmet Önder - Aydın, Hakan. “Comparison of the Lactate-to-Albumin Ratio, Shock Index, and Injury Severity Score for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality Among Trauma Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Study”. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 9/1 (January 1, 2026): 26-31. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1799259.
JAMA
1.Acar AÖ, Aydın H. Comparison of the lactate-to-albumin ratio, Shock index, and injury severity score for predicting in-hospital mortality among trauma patients presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective study. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026;9:26–31.
MLA
Acar, Ahmet Önder, and Hakan Aydın. “Comparison of the Lactate-to-Albumin Ratio, Shock Index, and Injury Severity Score for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality Among Trauma Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Study”. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 26-31, doi:10.32322/jhsm.1799259.
Vancouver
1.Ahmet Önder Acar, Hakan Aydın. Comparison of the lactate-to-albumin ratio, Shock index, and injury severity score for predicting in-hospital mortality among trauma patients presenting to the emergency department: a retrospective study. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026 Jan. 1;9(1):26-31. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1799259

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